--- title: Judges 19:12 — And his master said unto him: 'We will not turn aside into the city… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And his master said unto him: 'We will not turn aside into the city of a foreigner, that is not of the children of Israel; but we will pass over to Gibeah.' Who acts: master, We, foreigner. Judges 19:12 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.19.12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Judges](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/) / [chapter 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/19/) / 19:12 # Judges 19:12 שֹׁפְטִים **Who acts:** master, We, foreigner · **What happens:** say, not turn, not be, pass over · **To what, where:** city, Gibeah · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Judges 19:12 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — master, We, foreigner — and what happens in the verse to city, Gibeah, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 21 chapters of Judges on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֵלָיו֙ אֲדֹנָ֔יו לֹ֤א נָסוּר֙ אֶל־עִ֣יר נָכְרִ֔י אֲשֶׁ֛ר לֹֽא־מִבְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל הֵ֑נָּה וְעָבַ֖רְנוּ עַד־גִּבְעָֽה׃ [And his master said unto him: 'We will not turn aside into the city of a foreigner, that is not of the children of Israel; but we will pass over to Gibeah.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.561/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JDG:526 # text = וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֵלָיו֙ אֲדֹנָ֔יו לֹ֤א נָסוּר֙ אֶל־עִ֣יר נָכְרִ֔י אֲשֶׁ֛ר לֹֽא־מִבְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל הֵ֑נָּה וְעָבַ֖רְנוּ עַד־גִּבְעָֽה׃ # verse = JDG.19.12 1-2 וַיֹּ֤אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_19:12!1|MId=o070190120011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּ֤אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=JDG_19:12!1|MId=o070190120012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:070190120031;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 אֵלָיו֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 אֵלָי אֶל ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JDG_19:12!2|MId=o070190120021|Strong=0413 4 ו֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=JDG_19:12!2|MId=o070190120022|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 5-6 אֲדֹנָ֔יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 אֲדֹנָ֔י אָדוֹן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ Gloss=master(s)|Ref=JDG_19:12!3|MId=o070190120031|Strong=0113 6 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 5 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=JDG_19:12!3|MId=o070190120032|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 7 לֹ֤א לֹא ADV _ _ 8 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=JDG_19:12!4|MId=o070190120041|Strong=3808|Type=negative 8 נָסוּר֙ סוּר VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=1 2 ccomp _ Gloss=we.will.turn.aside|Ref=JDG_19:12!5|MId=o070190120051|Strong=5493|Frame=A0:070190120031;070190100172;070190110082;|Type=yiqtol 9 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JDG_19:12!6|MId=o070190120061|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 10 עִ֣יר עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 8 obl _ Gloss=a.city|Ref=JDG_19:12!7|MId=o070190120071|Strong=5892 11 נָכְרִ֔י נׇכְרִי ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 amod _ Gloss=foreign|Ref=JDG_19:12!8|MId=o070190120081|Strong=5237|Type=adjective 12 אֲשֶׁ֛ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 15 mark _ Gloss=who|Ref=JDG_19:12!9|MId=o070190120091|Strong=0834|Type=relative 13 לֹֽא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 15 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=JDG_19:12!10|MId=o070190120101|Strong=3808|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 14-15 מִבְּנֵ֥י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=[are].of|Ref=JDG_19:12!11|MId=o070190120111|Strong=4480 15 בְּנֵ֥י בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 10 acl:relcl _ Gloss=the.people|Ref=JDG_19:12!11|MId=o070190120112|Strong=1121 16 יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 15 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Israel|Ref=JDG_19:12!12|MId=o070190120121|Strong=3478 17 הֵ֑נָּה הֵנָּה PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 15 nsubj _ Gloss=they|Ref=JDG_19:12!13|MId=o070190120131|Strong=2007|Type=personal 18-19 וְעָבַ֖רְנוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 19 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_19:12!14|MId=o070190120141|Strong=2050b 19 עָבַ֖רְנוּ עָבַר VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=1 8 conj _ Gloss=we.will.pass.on|Ref=JDG_19:12!14|MId=o070190120142|Strong=5674|Frame=A0:070190120031;070190100172;070190110082;|Type=weqatal 20 עַד־ עַד ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JDG_19:12!15|MId=o070190120151|Strong=5704|SpaceAfter=No 21 גִּבְעָֽה גִּבְעָה PROPN _ _ 19 obl _ Gloss=Gibeah|Ref=JDG_19:12!16|MId=o070190120161|Strong=1390|SpaceAfter=No 22 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 21 punct _ Ref=JDG_19:12!16 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: promise - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | אֲדֹנָי *master(s)* | | | | | **not** נָסוּר *we will turn aside* | yiqtol · qal | אֲדֹנָי *master(s)* | | | | | עָבַרְנוּ *we will pass on* | weqatal · qal | אֲדֹנָי *master(s)* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲמַר לֵיהּ רִבּוֹנֵיהּ לָא נְזוּר לְקַרְתָּא בְּנֵי עַמְמַיָא דְלָא מִבְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל אִינוּן וְנִתְמְטֵי עַד גִבְעָתָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And his master said unto him: 'We will not turn aside into the city of a foreigner, that is not of the children of Israel; but we will pass over to Gibeah.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.561/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JDG:526`. - ← previous: [Judges 19:11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.19.11/) - next →: [Judges 19:13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.19.13/) - ↑ back to [Judges 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/19/)