--- title: Judges 19:16 — And, behold, there came an old man from his work out of the field at… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And, behold, there came an old man from his work out of the field at even; now the man was of the hill-country of Ephraim, and he sojourned in Gibeah; but the men of the place were Benjamites. Who acts: old man, man, men. Judges 19:16 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.19.16/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Judges](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/) / [chapter 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/19/) / 19:16 # Judges 19:16 שֹׁפְטִים **Who acts:** old man, man, men · **What happens:** come, be, sojourn, work · **To what, where:** work, Gibeah, Benjamites This is Judges 19:16 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — old man, man, men — and what happens in the verse to work, Gibeah, Benjamites, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 21 chapters of Judges on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְהִנֵּ֣ה ׀ אִ֣ישׁ זָקֵ֗ן בָּ֣א מִֽן־מַעֲשֵׂ֤הוּ מִן־הַשָּׂדֶה֙ בָּעֶ֔רֶב וְהָאִישׁ֙ מֵהַ֣ר אֶפְרַ֔יִם וְהוּא־גָ֖ר בַּגִּבְעָ֑ה וְאַנְשֵׁ֥י הַמָּק֖וֹם בְּנֵ֥י יְמִינִֽי׃ [And, behold, there came an old man from his work out of the field at even; now the man was of the hill-country of Ephraim, and he sojourned in Gibeah; but the men of the place were Benjamites.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.565/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JDG:530 # text = וְהִנֵּ֣ה ׀ אִ֣ישׁ זָקֵ֗ן בָּ֣א מִֽן־מַעֲשֵׂ֤הוּ מִן־הַשָּׂדֶה֙ בָּעֶ֔רֶב וְהָאִישׁ֙ מֵהַ֣ר אֶפְרַ֔יִם וְהוּא־גָ֖ר בַּגִּבְעָ֑ה וְאַנְשֵׁ֥י הַמָּק֖וֹם בְּנֵ֥י יְמִינִֽי׃ # verse = JDG.19.16 1-2 וְהִנֵּ֣ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 6 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_19:16!1|MId=o070190160011|Strong=2050b 2 הִנֵּ֣ה הִנֵּה INTJ _ _ 6 discourse _ Gloss=there!|Ref=JDG_19:16!1|MId=o070190160012|Strong=2009|Type=demonstrative 3 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 2 punct _ Ref=JDG_19:16!1 4 אִ֣ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ Gloss=a.man|Ref=JDG_19:16!2|MId=o070190160021|Strong=0376 5 זָקֵ֗ן זָקֵן ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 amod _ Gloss=old|Ref=JDG_19:16!3|MId=o070190160031|Strong=2205|Type=adjective 6 בָּ֣א בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 0 root _ Gloss=[was].coming|Ref=JDG_19:16!4|MId=o070190160041|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:070190160021;|Type=participle_active 7 מִֽן־ מִן ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=JDG_19:16!5|MId=o070190160051|Strong=4480|SpaceAfter=No 8-9 מַעֲשֵׂ֤הוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 מַעֲשׂ מַעֲשֶׂה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 obl _ Gloss=work|Ref=JDG_19:16!6|MId=o070190160061|Strong=4639 9 ֵ֤הוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 8 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=JDG_19:16!6|MId=o070190160062|Strong=1930a|Type=pronominal 10 מִן־ מִן ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=JDG_19:16!7|MId=o070190160071|Strong=4480|SpaceAfter=No 11-12 הַשָּׂדֶה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 12 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JDG_19:16!8|MId=o070190160081|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 12 שָּׂדֶה֙ שָׂדֶה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 obl _ Gloss=field|Ref=JDG_19:16!8|MId=o070190160082|Strong=7704 13-15 בָּעֶ֔רֶב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 בָּ בְּ ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=JDG_19:16!9|MId=o070190160091|Strong=0871a 14 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 15 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JDG_19:16!9|MId=o070190160091ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 15 עֶ֔רֶב עֶרֶב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 obl _ Gloss=evening|Ref=JDG_19:16!9|MId=o070190160092|Strong=6153 16-18 וְהָאִישׁ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 20 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_19:16!10|MId=o070190160101|Strong=2050b 17 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 18 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JDG_19:16!10|MId=o070190160102|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 18 אִישׁ֙ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 nsubj _ Gloss=man|Ref=JDG_19:16!10|MId=o070190160103|Strong=0376 19-20 מֵהַ֣ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=[was].from|Ref=JDG_19:16!11|MId=o070190160111|Strong=4480 20 הַ֣ר הַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 conj _ Gloss=the.hill.country|Ref=JDG_19:16!11|MId=o070190160112|Strong=2022 21 אֶפְרַ֔יִם אֶפְרַיִם PROPN _ _ 20 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Ephraim|Ref=JDG_19:16!12|MId=o070190160121|Strong=0669 22-23 וְהוּא־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 24 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_19:16!13|MId=o070190160131|Strong=2050b 23 הוּא־ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 nsubj _ Gloss=he|Ref=JDG_19:16!13|MId=o070190160132|Strong=1931|Type=personal 24 גָ֖ר גּוּר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 6 conj _ Gloss=[was].sojourning|Ref=JDG_19:16!14|MId=o070190160141|Strong=1481|Frame=A0:070190160132;|Type=participle_active 25-27 בַּגִּבְעָ֑ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=JDG_19:16!15|MId=o070190160151|Strong=0871a 26 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 27 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JDG_19:16!15|MId=o070190160151ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 27 גִּבְעָ֑ה גִּבְעָה PROPN _ _ 24 obl _ Gloss=Gibeah|Ref=JDG_19:16!15|MId=o070190160152|Strong=1390 28-29 וְאַנְשֵׁ֥י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 32 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_19:16!16|MId=o070190160161|Strong=2050b 29 אַנְשֵׁ֥י אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 32 nsubj _ Gloss=the.men|Ref=JDG_19:16!16|MId=o070190160162|Strong=0376 30-31 הַמָּק֖וֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 31 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=JDG_19:16!17|MId=o070190160171|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 31 מָּק֖וֹם מָקוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 29 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.place|Ref=JDG_19:16!17|MId=o070190160172|Strong=4725 32 בְּנֵ֥י בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 6 conj _ Gloss=[were].Ben-|Ref=JDG_19:16!18|MId=o070190160181|Strong=1121 33 יְמִינִֽי יְמִינִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 32 compound:smixut _ Gloss=jaminites|Ref=JDG_19:16!19|MId=o070190160191|Strong=1145|Type=gentilic|SpaceAfter=No 34 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 33 punct _ Ref=JDG_19:16!19 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | בָּא *\[was\] coming* | participle active · qal | אִישׁ *a man* | | | | | גָר *\[was\] sojourning* | participle active · qal | הוּא־ *he* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְהָא גַבְרָא סָבָא אָתָא מִן עִיבִידְתֵּיהּ מִן חַקְלָא בְּרַמְשָׁא וְגַבְרָא מִטוּרָא דְבֵית אֶפְרַיִם וְהוּא דָר בְּגִבְעָתָא וֶאֱנָשֵׁי אַתְרָא מִן שִׁבְטָא דְבֵית בִּנְיָמִין: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And, behold, there came an old man from his work out of the field at even; now the man was of the hill-country of Ephraim, and he sojourned in Gibeah; but the men of the place were Benjamites.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.565/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JDG:530`. - ← previous: [Judges 19:15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.19.15/) - next →: [Judges 19:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.19.17/) - ↑ back to [Judges 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/19/)