--- title: Judges 19:18 — And he said unto him: 'We are passing from Beth-lehem in Judah unto… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And he said unto him: 'We are passing from Beth-lehem in Judah unto the farther side of the hill-country of Ephraim; from thence am I, and I went to Beth-lehem in Judah, and I am now going to the house of the LORD; and there is no man that taketh me into his house. Who acts: man, We, I. Judges 19:18 --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.19.18/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Judges](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/) / [chapter 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/19/) / 19:18 # Judges 19:18 שֹׁפְטִים **Who acts:** man, We, I · **What happens:** say, be, go, take · **To what, where:** Beth lehem, house, me · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Judges 19:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — man, We, I — and what happens in the verse to Beth lehem, house, me, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 21 chapters of Judges on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלָ֗יו עֹבְרִ֨ים אֲנַ֜חְנוּ מִבֵּֽית־לֶ֣חֶםבֵּֽית־לֶ֣חֶם יְהוּדָה֮ עַד־יַרְכְּתֵ֣י הַר־אֶפְרַיִם֒ מִשָּׁ֣ם אָנֹ֔כִי וָאֵלֵ֕ךְ עַד־בֵּ֥ית לֶ֖חֶם בֵּ֥ית לֶ֖חֶם יְהוּדָ֑ה וְאֶת־בֵּ֤ית יְהוָה֙ אֲנִ֣י הֹלֵ֔ךְ וְאֵ֣ין אִ֔ישׁ מְאַסֵּ֥ף אוֹתִ֖י הַבָּֽיְתָה׃ [And he said unto him: 'We are passing from Beth-lehem in Judah unto the farther side of the hill-country of Ephraim; from thence am I, and I went to Beth-lehem in Judah, and I am now going to the house of the LORD; and there is no man that taketh me into his house.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.567/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JDG:532 # text = וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלָ֗יו עֹבְרִ֨ים אֲנַ֜חְנוּ מִבֵּֽית־לֶ֣חֶםבֵּֽית־לֶ֣חֶם יְהוּדָה֮ עַד־יַרְכְּתֵ֣י הַר־אֶפְרַיִם֒ מִשָּׁ֣ם אָנֹ֔כִי וָאֵלֵ֕ךְ עַד־בֵּ֥ית לֶ֖חֶם בֵּ֥ית לֶ֖חֶם יְהוּדָ֑ה וְאֶת־בֵּ֤ית יְהוָה֙ אֲנִ֣י הֹלֵ֔ךְ וְאֵ֣ין אִ֔ישׁ מְאַסֵּ֥ף אוֹתִ֖י הַבָּֽיְתָה׃ # verse = JDG.19.18 1-2 וַיֹּ֣אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_19:18!1|MId=o070190180011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּ֣אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=JDG_19:18!1|MId=o070190180012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:070190170052;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 אֵלָ֗יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 אֵלָ֗י אֶל ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JDG_19:18!2|MId=o070190180021|Strong=0413 4 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=JDG_19:18!2|MId=o070190180022|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 5 עֹבְרִ֨ים עָבַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 2 ccomp _ Gloss=[are].passing|Ref=JDG_19:18!3|MId=o070190180031|Strong=5674|Frame=A0:070190180041;|Type=participle_active 6 אֲנַ֜חְנוּ אֲנַחְנוּ PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 5 nsubj _ Gloss=we|Ref=JDG_19:18!4|MId=o070190180041|Strong=0587|Type=personal 7-9 מִבֵּֽית־לֶ֣חֶםבֵּֽית־לֶ֣חֶם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=JDG_19:18!5|MId=o070190180051|Strong=4480 8 בֵּֽית־לֶ֣חֶם בֵּית־לֶחֶם PROPN _ _ 5 obl _ Gloss=Bethlehem|Ref=JDG_19:18!5|MId=o070190180052 9 בֵּֽית־לֶ֣חֶם בֵּית־לֶחֶם PROPN _ _ 8 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Bethlehem|Ref=JDG_19:18!6|MId=o070190180061 10 יְהוּדָה֮ יְהוּדָה PROPN _ _ 8 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Judah|Ref=JDG_19:18!7|MId=o070190180071|Strong=3063 11 עַד־ עַד ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JDG_19:18!8|MId=o070190180081|Strong=5704|SpaceAfter=No 12 יַרְכְּתֵ֣י יַרְכָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Dual 8 conj _ Gloss=the.remotest.parts|Ref=JDG_19:18!9|MId=o070190180091|Strong=3411 13 הַר־ הַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.the.hill.country|Ref=JDG_19:18!10|MId=o070190180101|Strong=2022|SpaceAfter=No 14 אֶפְרַיִם֒ אֶפְרַיִם PROPN _ _ 13 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Ephraim|Ref=JDG_19:18!11|MId=o070190180111|Strong=0669 15-16 מִשָּׁ֣ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=[am].from|Ref=JDG_19:18!12|MId=o070190180121|Strong=4480 16 שָּׁ֣ם שָׁם ADV _ _ 5 parataxis _ Gloss=there|Ref=JDG_19:18!12|MId=o070190180122|Strong=8033 17 אָנֹ֔כִי אָנֹכִי PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 16 nsubj _ Gloss=I|Ref=JDG_19:18!13|MId=o070190180131|Strong=0595|Type=personal 18-19 וָאֵלֵ֕ךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 וָ וְ CCONJ _ _ 19 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_19:18!14|MId=o070190180141|Strong=2050b 19 אֵלֵ֕ךְ הלך VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 2 conj _ Gloss=I.went|Ref=JDG_19:18!14|MId=o070190180142|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:070190170052;|Type=wayyiqtol 20 עַד־ עַד ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JDG_19:18!15|MId=o070190180151|Strong=5704|SpaceAfter=No 21 בֵּ֥ית בֵּית PROPN _ _ 19 obl _ Gloss=Bethlehem|Ref=JDG_19:18!16|MId=o070190180161 22 לֶ֖חֶם לֶחֶם PROPN _ _ 21 flat:name _ Ref=JDG_19:18!16 23 בֵּ֥ית בֵּית PROPN _ _ 21 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Bethlehem|Ref=JDG_19:18!17|MId=o070190180171 24 לֶ֖חֶם לֶחֶם PROPN _ _ 23 flat:name _ Ref=JDG_19:18!17 25 יְהוּדָ֑ה יְהוּדָה PROPN _ _ 21 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Judah|Ref=JDG_19:18!18|MId=o070190180181|Strong=3063 26-27 וְאֶת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 31 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_19:18!19|MId=o070190180191|Strong=2050b 27 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JDG_19:18!19|MId=o070190180192|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 28 בֵּ֤ית בַּיִת NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 31 obl _ Gloss=the.house|Ref=JDG_19:18!20|MId=o070190180201|Strong=1004 29 יְהוָה֙ יהוה PROPN _ _ 28 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Yahweh|Ref=JDG_19:18!21|MId=o070190180211|Strong=3068 30 אֲנִ֣י אֲנִי PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 31 nsubj _ Gloss=I|Ref=JDG_19:18!22|MId=o070190180221|Strong=0589|Type=personal 31 הֹלֵ֔ךְ הָלַךְ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 2 conj _ Gloss=[am].going|Ref=JDG_19:18!23|MId=o070190180231|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:070190180201;|Type=participle_active 32-33 וְאֵ֣ין _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 33 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_19:18!24|MId=o070190180241|Strong=2050b 33 אֵ֣ין אַיִן ADV _ _ 2 conj _ Gloss=there.[was].not|Ref=JDG_19:18!24|MId=o070190180242|Strong=0369|Type=negative 34 אִ֔ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 33 nsubj _ Gloss=anyone|Ref=JDG_19:18!25|MId=o070190180251|Strong=0376 35 מְאַסֵּ֥ף אָסַף VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing 34 acl:relcl _ Gloss=[who.was].receiving|Ref=JDG_19:18!26|MId=o070190180261|Strong=0622|Frame=A0:070190180231;A1:070190180252;|Type=participle_active 36-37 אוֹתִ֖י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 אוֹת אֵת ADP _ _ 37 case _ Gloss=|Ref=JDG_19:18!27|MId=o070190180271|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 37 ִ֖י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 35 obj _ Gloss=me|Ref=JDG_19:18!27|MId=o070190180272|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 38-40 הַבָּֽיְתָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 39 det _ Gloss=to|Ref=JDG_19:18!28|MId=o070190180281|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 39 בָּֽיְת בַּיִת NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 35 obl _ Gloss=the|Ref=JDG_19:18!28|MId=o070190180282|Strong=1004 40 ָה ה X _ _ 39 nmod _ Gloss=house|Ref=JDG_19:18!28|MId=o070190180283|Strong=1886c|Type=directional_he 41 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 40 punct _ Ref=JDG_19:18!28 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | **not** יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | עֹבְרִים *\[are\] passing* | participle active · qal | אֲנַחְנוּ *we* | | | | | אֵלֵךְ *I went* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | הֹלֵךְ *\[am\] going* | participle active · qal | בֵּית *the house* | | | | | מְאַסֵּף *\[who was\] receiving* | participle active · piel | הֹלֵךְ *\[am\] going* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲמַר לֵיהּ עָבְרִין אֲנַחֲנָא מִבֵּית לֶחֶם דְבֵית יְהוּדָה עַד סְיָפֵי טוּרָא דְבֵית אֶפְרַיִם מִתַּמָן אֲנָא וַאֲנָא אָזֵיל עַד בֵּית לֶחֶם דְבֵית יְהוּדָה וּלְבֵית מַקְדְשָׁא דַייָ אֲנָא אָזִיל וְלֵית אֱנַשׁ דְכָנֵישׁ יָתִי לְבֵיתָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And he said unto him: 'We are passing from Beth-lehem in Judah unto the farther side of the hill-country of Ephraim; from thence am I, and I went to Beth-lehem in Judah, and I am now going to the house of the LORD; and there is no man that taketh me into his house.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.567/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JDG:532`. - ← previous: [Judges 19:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.19.17/) - next →: [Judges 19:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.19.19/) - ↑ back to [Judges 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/19/)