--- title: Judges 19:22 — As they were making their hearts merry, behold, the men of the city,… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: As they were making their hearts merry, behold, the men of the city, certain base fellows, beset the house round about, beating at the door; and they spoke to the master of the house, the old man, saying: 'Bring forth the man that came into thy house, that we may know him.' Who acts: asses, men, man --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.19.22/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Judges](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/) / [chapter 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/19/) / 19:22 # Judges 19:22 שֹׁפְטִים **Who acts:** asses, men, man, we · **What happens:** make, beset, beat, speak, say, bring forth · **To what, where:** hearts, house, door, man · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Judges 19:22 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — asses, men, man, we — and what happens in the verse to hearts, house, door, man, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 21 chapters of Judges on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. הֵמָּה֮ מֵיטִיבִ֣ים אֶת־לִבָּם֒ וְהִנֵּה֩ אַנְשֵׁ֨י הָעִ֜יר אַנְשֵׁ֣י בְנֵֽי־בְלִיַּ֗עַל נָסַ֙בּוּ֙ אֶת־הַבַּ֔יִת מִֽתְדַּפְּקִ֖ים עַל־הַדָּ֑לֶת וַיֹּאמְר֗וּ אֶל־הָ֠אִישׁ בַּ֣עַל הַבַּ֤יִת הַזָּקֵן֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר הוֹצֵ֗א אֶת־הָאִ֛ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֥א אֶל־בֵּיתְךָ֖ וְנֵדָעֶֽנּוּ׃ [As they were making their hearts merry, behold, the men of the city, certain base fellows, beset the house round about, beating at the door; and they spoke to the master of the house, the old man, saying: 'Bring forth the man that came into thy house, that we may know him.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.571/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JDG:536 # text = הֵמָּה֮ מֵיטִיבִ֣ים אֶת־לִבָּם֒ וְהִנֵּה֩ אַנְשֵׁ֨י הָעִ֜יר אַנְשֵׁ֣י בְנֵֽי־בְלִיַּ֗עַל נָסַ֙בּוּ֙ אֶת־הַבַּ֔יִת מִֽתְדַּפְּקִ֖ים עַל־הַדָּ֑לֶת וַיֹּאמְר֗וּ אֶל־הָ֠אִישׁ בַּ֣עַל הַבַּ֤יִת הַזָּקֵן֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר הוֹצֵ֗א אֶת־הָאִ֛ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֥א אֶל־בֵּיתְךָ֖ וְנֵדָעֶֽנּוּ׃ # verse = JDG.19.22 1 הֵמָּה֮ הֵמָּה PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 nsubj _ Gloss=they|Ref=JDG_19:22!1|MId=o070190220011|Strong=1992|Type=personal 2 מֵיטִיבִ֣ים יָטַב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur 0 root _ Gloss=[were].making.good|Ref=JDG_19:22!2|MId=o070190220021|Strong=3190|Frame=AA:070190220011;A0:070190220041;|Type=participle_active 3 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JDG_19:22!3|MId=o070190220031|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 4-5 לִבָּם֒ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 לִבּ לֵב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obj _ Gloss=heart|Ref=JDG_19:22!4|MId=o070190220041|Strong=3820 5 ָם֒ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 4 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=JDG_19:22!4|MId=o070190220042|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 6-7 וְהִנֵּה֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 18 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_19:22!5|MId=o070190220051|Strong=2050b 7 הִנֵּה֩ הִנֵּה INTJ _ _ 18 discourse _ Gloss=there!|Ref=JDG_19:22!5|MId=o070190220052|Strong=2009|Type=demonstrative 8 אַנְשֵׁ֨י אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 14 nsubj _ Gloss=the.men|Ref=JDG_19:22!6|MId=o070190220061|Strong=0376 9-10 הָעִ֜יר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 10 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=JDG_19:22!7|MId=o070190220071|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 10 עִ֜יר עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 8 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.city|Ref=JDG_19:22!7|MId=o070190220072|Strong=5892 11 אַנְשֵׁ֣י אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 8 appos _ Gloss=men|Ref=JDG_19:22!8|MId=o070190220081|Strong=0376 12 בְנֵֽי־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 11 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.sons|Ref=JDG_19:22!9|MId=o070190220091|Strong=1121|SpaceAfter=No 13 בְלִיַּ֗עַל בְּלִיַּעַל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.worthlessness|Ref=JDG_19:22!10|MId=o070190220101|Strong=1100 14 נָסַ֙בּוּ֙ סָבַב VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 18 parataxis _ Gloss=they.surrounded|Ref=JDG_19:22!11|MId=o070190220111|Strong=5437|Frame=A0:070190220061;A1:070190220132;|Type=qatal 15 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JDG_19:22!12|MId=o070190220121|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 16-17 הַבַּ֔יִת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 17 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JDG_19:22!13|MId=o070190220131|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 17 בַּ֔יִת בַּיִת NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 obj _ Gloss=house|Ref=JDG_19:22!13|MId=o070190220132|Strong=1004 18 מִֽתְדַּפְּקִ֖ים דָּפַק VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HITHPAEL|Number=Plur 2 conj _ Gloss=beating.violently|Ref=JDG_19:22!14|MId=o070190220141|Strong=1849|Frame=A0:070190220061;|Type=participle_active 19 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=JDG_19:22!15|MId=o070190220151|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 20-21 הַדָּ֑לֶת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 21 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JDG_19:22!16|MId=o070190220161|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 21 דָּ֑לֶת דֶּלֶת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 18 obl _ Gloss=door|Ref=JDG_19:22!16|MId=o070190220162|Strong=1817 22-23 וַיֹּאמְר֗וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 23 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_19:22!17|MId=o070190220171|Strong=2050b 23 יֹּאמְר֗וּ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.said|Ref=JDG_19:22!17|MId=o070190220172|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:070190220061;|Type=wayyiqtol 24 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JDG_19:22!18|MId=o070190220181|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 25-26 הָ֠אִישׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 הָ֠ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 26 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JDG_19:22!19|MId=o070190220191|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 26 אִישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 23 obl _ Gloss=man|Ref=JDG_19:22!19|MId=o070190220192|Strong=0376 27 בַּ֣עַל בַּעַל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 26 appos _ Gloss=the.master|Ref=JDG_19:22!20|MId=o070190220201|Strong=1167 28-29 הַבַּ֤יִת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 29 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=JDG_19:22!21|MId=o070190220211|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 29 בַּ֤יִת בַּיִת NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 27 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.house|Ref=JDG_19:22!21|MId=o070190220212|Strong=1004 30-31 הַזָּקֵן֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 31 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JDG_19:22!22|MId=o070190220221|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 31 זָּקֵן֙ זָקֵן ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 26 amod _ Gloss=old|Ref=JDG_19:22!22|MId=o070190220222|Strong=2205|Type=adjective 32-33 לֵאמֹ֔ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 לֵ לְ ADP _ ExtPos=SCONJ 34 mark _ Gloss=(cmp)|Ref=JDG_19:22!23|MId=o070190220231|Strong=3807a 33 אמֹ֔ר אָמַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 32 fixed _ Gloss=|Ref=JDG_19:22!23|MId=o070190220232|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:070190220061;|Type=infinitive_construct 34 הוֹצֵ֗א יָצָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=2 23 ccomp _ Gloss=bring.out|Ref=JDG_19:22!24|MId=o070190220241|Strong=3318|Frame=AA:070190220192;A0:070190220262;|Type=imperative 35 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 37 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JDG_19:22!25|MId=o070190220251|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 36-37 הָאִ֛ישׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 37 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JDG_19:22!26|MId=o070190220261|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 37 אִ֛ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 34 obj _ Gloss=man|Ref=JDG_19:22!26|MId=o070190220262|Strong=0376 38 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 39 mark _ Gloss=who|Ref=JDG_19:22!27|MId=o070190220271|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 39 בָּ֥א בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 37 acl:relcl _ Gloss=he.came|Ref=JDG_19:22!28|MId=o070190220281|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:070190220262;|Type=qatal 40 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 41 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JDG_19:22!29|MId=o070190220291|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 41-42 בֵּיתְךָ֖ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 בֵּית בַּיִת NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 39 obl _ Gloss=house|Ref=JDG_19:22!30|MId=o070190220301|Strong=1004 42 ְךָ֖ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 41 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=JDG_19:22!30|MId=o070190220302|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 43-45 וְנֵדָעֶֽנּוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 44 cc _ Gloss=so|Ref=JDG_19:22!31|MId=o070190220311|Strong=2050b 44 נֵדָע יָדַע VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=1 34 conj _ Gloss=that|Ref=JDG_19:22!31|MId=o070190220312|Strong=3045|Frame=A0:070190220061;A1:070190220313;|Type=yiqtol 45 ֶֽנּוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 44 obj _ Gloss=we.may.know.him|Ref=JDG_19:22!31|MId=o070190220313|Strong=5105b|Type=pronominal 46 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 45 punct _ Ref=JDG_19:22!31 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · assert · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | מֵיטִיבִים *\[were\] making good* | participle active · hiphil | לִבּ *heart* | | | הֵמָּה *they* | | נָסַבּוּ *they surrounded* | qatal · niphal | אַנְשֵׁי *the men* | בַּיִת *house* | | | | מִֽתְדַּפְּקִים *beating violently* | participle active · hithpael | אַנְשֵׁי *the men* | | | | | יֹּאמְרוּ *they said* | wayyiqtol · qal | אַנְשֵׁי *the men* | | | | | אמֹר | infinitive construct · qal | אַנְשֵׁי *the men* | | | | | הוֹצֵא *bring out* | imperative · hiphil | אִישׁ *man* | | | אִישׁ *man* | | בָּא *he came* | qatal · qal | אִישׁ *man* | | | | | נֵדָע *that* | yiqtol · qal | אַנְשֵׁי *the men* | ֶֽנּוּ *we may know him* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} אִינוּן מְטִיבִין יַת לִבְּהוֹן וְהָא אֱנָשֵׁי קַרְתָּא גַבְרִין בְּנֵי רִשְׁעָא אַקִיפוּ יַת בֵּיתָא דַחֲקִין לְמִתְבַּר דָשָׁא וַאֲמַרוּ לְגַבְרָא מָרֵיהּ דְבֵיתָא סָבָא לְמֵימַר אַפֵּיק יַת גַבְרָא דְעַל לְבֵיתָךְ וְנֵדְעִינֵיהּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [As they were making their hearts merry, behold, the men of the city, certain base fellows, beset the house round about, beating at the door; and they spoke to the master of the house, the old man, saying: 'Bring forth the man that came into thy house, that we may know him.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.571/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JDG:536`. - ← previous: [Judges 19:21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.19.21/) - next →: [Judges 19:23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.19.23/) - ↑ back to [Judges 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/19/)