--- title: Judges 19:23 — And the man, the master of the house, went out unto them, and said u… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And the man, the master of the house, went out unto them, and said unto them: 'Nay, my brethren, I pray you, do not so wickedly; seeing that this man is come into my house, do not this wanton deed. Who acts: man, I. Judges 19:23 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the p --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.19.23/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Judges](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/) / [chapter 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/19/) / 19:23 # Judges 19:23 שֹׁפְטִים **Who acts:** man, I · **What happens:** go out, say, pray, wickedly, see, come · **To what, where:** you, house · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Judges 19:23 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — man, I — and what happens in the verse to you, house, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 21 chapters of Judges on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֵּצֵ֣א אֲלֵיהֶ֗ם הָאִישׁ֙ בַּ֣עַל הַבַּ֔יִת וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲלֵהֶ֔ם אַל־אַחַ֖י אַל־תָּרֵ֣עוּ נָ֑א אַ֠חֲרֵי אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֞א הָאִ֤ישׁ הַזֶּה֙ אַל־בֵּיתִ֔יאַֽל־תַּעֲשׂ֖וּ אֶת־הַנְּבָלָ֥ה הַזֹּֽאת׃ [And the man, the master of the house, went out unto them, and said unto them: 'Nay, my brethren, I pray you, do not so wickedly; seeing that this man is come into my house, do not this wanton deed.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.572/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JDG:537 # text = וַיֵּצֵ֣א אֲלֵיהֶ֗ם הָאִישׁ֙ בַּ֣עַל הַבַּ֔יִת וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲלֵהֶ֔ם אַל־אַחַ֖י אַל־תָּרֵ֣עוּ נָ֑א אַ֠חֲרֵי אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֞א הָאִ֤ישׁ הַזֶּה֙ אַל־בֵּיתִ֔יאַֽל־תַּעֲשׂ֖וּ אֶת־הַנְּבָלָ֥ה הַזֹּֽאת׃ # verse = JDG.19.23 1-2 וַיֵּצֵ֣א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_19:23!1|MId=o070190230011|Strong=2050b 2 יֵּצֵ֣א יָצָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.went.out|Ref=JDG_19:23!1|MId=o070190230012|Strong=3318|Frame=A0:070190230032;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 אֲלֵיהֶ֗ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 אֲלֵי אֶל ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JDG_19:23!2|MId=o070190230021|Strong=0413 4 הֶ֗ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=JDG_19:23!2|MId=o070190230022|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 5-6 הָאִישׁ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 6 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JDG_19:23!3|MId=o070190230031|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 6 אִישׁ֙ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=man|Ref=JDG_19:23!3|MId=o070190230032|Strong=0376 7 בַּ֣עַל בַּעַל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 appos _ Gloss=the.master|Ref=JDG_19:23!4|MId=o070190230041|Strong=1167 8-9 הַבַּ֔יִת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 9 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=JDG_19:23!5|MId=o070190230051|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 9 בַּ֔יִת בַּיִת NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.house|Ref=JDG_19:23!5|MId=o070190230052|Strong=1004 10-11 וַיֹּ֣אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 11 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_19:23!6|MId=o070190230061|Strong=2050b 11 יֹּ֣אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=JDG_19:23!6|MId=o070190230062|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:070190230032;|Type=wayyiqtol 12-13 אֲלֵהֶ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 אֲל אֶל ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JDG_19:23!7|MId=o070190230071|Strong=0413 13 ֵהֶ֔ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=JDG_19:23!7|MId=o070190230072|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 14 אַל־ אַל ADV _ _ 11 ccomp _ Gloss=no|Ref=JDG_19:23!8|MId=o070190230081|Strong=0408|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 15-16 אַחַ֖י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 אַח אָח NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 14 parataxis _ Gloss=my.brothers|Ref=JDG_19:23!9|MId=o070190230091|Strong=0251 16 ַ֖י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 15 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=JDG_19:23!9|MId=o070190230092|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 17 אַל־ אַל ADV _ _ 18 advmod _ Gloss=do.not|Ref=JDG_19:23!10|MId=o070190230101|Strong=0408|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 18 תָּרֵ֣עוּ רָעַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=2 14 parataxis _ Gloss=do.evil|Ref=JDG_19:23!11|MId=o070190230111|Strong=7489|Frame=A0:070190230091;|Type=jussive 19 נָ֑א נָא INTJ _ _ 18 discourse _ Gloss=please|Ref=JDG_19:23!12|MId=o070190230121|Strong=4994|Type=exhortation 20 אַ֠חֲרֵי אַחַר ADP _ _ 31 obl _ Gloss=after|Ref=JDG_19:23!13|MId=o070190230131|Strong=0310 21 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 22 mark _ Gloss=that|Ref=JDG_19:23!14|MId=o070190230141|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 22 בָּ֞א בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 20 acl:relcl _ Gloss=he.has.come|Ref=JDG_19:23!15|MId=o070190230151|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:070190230162;|Type=qatal 23-24 הָאִ֤ישׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 24 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JDG_19:23!16|MId=o070190230161|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 24 אִ֤ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 22 nsubj _ Gloss=man|Ref=JDG_19:23!16|MId=o070190230162|Strong=0376 25-26 הַזֶּה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 26 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JDG_19:23!17|MId=o070190230171|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 26 זֶּה֙ זֶה DET _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 24 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=JDG_19:23!17|MId=o070190230172|Strong=2088|Type=demonstrative 27 אַל־ אֶל ADV _ _ 22 obl _ Gloss=not|Ref=JDG_19:23!18|MId=o070190230181|Strong=0413|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 28-30 בֵּיתִ֔יאַֽל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 בֵּית בַּיִת NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 27 nmod _ Gloss=house|Ref=JDG_19:23!19|MId=o070190230191|Strong=1004 29 ִ֔י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 28 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=JDG_19:23!19|MId=o070190230192|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 30 אַֽל־ אַל ADV _ _ 31 advmod _ Gloss=do.not|Ref=JDG_19:23!20|MId=o070190230201|Strong=0408|Type=negative 31 תַּעֲשׂ֖וּ עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 14 parataxis _ Gloss=do|Ref=JDG_19:23!21|MId=o070190230211|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:070190230091;A1:070190230232;|Type=jussive 32 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 34 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JDG_19:23!22|MId=o070190230221|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 33-34 הַנְּבָלָ֥ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 34 det _ Gloss=the.disgraceful|Ref=JDG_19:23!23|MId=o070190230231|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 34 נְּבָלָ֥ה נְבָלָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 31 obj _ Gloss=folly|Ref=JDG_19:23!23|MId=o070190230232|Strong=5039 35-36 הַזֹּֽאת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 36 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JDG_19:23!24|MId=o070190230241|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 36 זֹּֽאת זֹאת DET _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 34 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=JDG_19:23!24|MId=o070190230242|Strong=2063|Type=demonstrative 37 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 36 punct _ Ref=JDG_19:23!24 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֵּצֵא *he went out* | wayyiqtol · qal | אִישׁ *man* | | | | | **not** יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | אִישׁ *man* | | | | | **not** תָּרֵעוּ *do evil* | jussive · hiphil | אַח *my brothers* | | | | | בָּא *he has come* | qatal · qal | אִישׁ *man* | | | | | **not** תַּעֲשׂוּ *do* | jussive · qal | אַח *my brothers* | נְּבָלָה *folly* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּנְפַק לְוַתְהוֹן גַבְרָא מָרֵיהּ דְבֵיתָא וַאֲמַר לְהוֹן בְּבָעוּ אֲחַי לָא תַבְאֲשׁוּן כְּעַן בָּתַר דְעַל גַבְרָא הָדֵין לְבֵיתִי לָא תַעְבְּדוּן יַת קְלָנָא הָדֵין: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And the man, the master of the house, went out unto them, and said unto them: 'Nay, my brethren, I pray you, do not so wickedly; seeing that this man is come into my house, do not this wanton deed.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.572/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JDG:537`. - ← previous: [Judges 19:22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.19.22/) - next →: [Judges 19:24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.19.24/) - ↑ back to [Judges 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/19/)