--- title: Judges 19:25 — But the men would not hearken to him; so the man laid hold on his co… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: But the men would not hearken to him; so the man laid hold on his concubine, and brought her forth unto them; and they knew her, and abused her all the night until the morning; and when the day began to spring, they let her go. Who acts: men, man, virgin, day. Judges 19:25 in Hebrew with its depende --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.19.25/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Judges](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/) / [chapter 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/19/) / 19:25 # Judges 19:25 שֹׁפְטִים **Who acts:** men, man, virgin, day, provender · **What happens:** not hearken, lay, bring, know, abuse, begin · **To what, where:** concubine, hold, provender This is Judges 19:25 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — men, man, virgin, day, provender — and what happens in the verse to concubine, hold, provender, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 21 chapters of Judges on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְלֹֽא־אָב֤וּ הָאֲנָשִׁים֙ לִשְׁמֹ֣עַֽ ל֔וֹ וַיַּחֲזֵ֤ק הָאִישׁ֙ בְּפִ֣ילַגְשׁ֔וֹ וַיֹּצֵ֥א אֲלֵיהֶ֖ם הַח֑וּץ וַיֵּדְע֣וּ א֠וֹתָהּ וַיִּֽתְעַלְּלוּ־בָ֤הּ כָּל־הַלַּ֙יְלָה֙ עַד־הַבֹּ֔קֶר וַֽיְשַׁלְּח֖וּהָ כַּעֲל֥וֹת הַשָּֽׁחַר׃ [But the men would not hearken to him; so the man laid hold on his concubine, and brought her forth unto them; and they knew her, and abused her all the night until the morning; and when the day began to spring, they let her go.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.574/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JDG:539 # text = וְלֹֽא־אָב֤וּ הָאֲנָשִׁים֙ לִשְׁמֹ֣עַֽ ל֔וֹ וַיַּחֲזֵ֤ק הָאִישׁ֙ בְּפִ֣ילַגְשׁ֔וֹ וַיֹּצֵ֥א אֲלֵיהֶ֖ם הַח֑וּץ וַיֵּדְע֣וּ א֠וֹתָהּ וַיִּֽתְעַלְּלוּ־בָ֤הּ כָּל־הַלַּ֙יְלָה֙ עַד־הַבֹּ֔קֶר וַֽיְשַׁלְּח֖וּהָ כַּעֲל֥וֹת הַשָּֽׁחַר׃ # verse = JDG.19.25 1-2 וְלֹֽא־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 3 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_19:25!1|MId=o070190250011|Strong=2050b 2 לֹֽא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 3 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=JDG_19:25!1|MId=o070190250012|Strong=3808|Type=negative 3 אָב֤וּ אָבָה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.were.willing|Ref=JDG_19:25!2|MId=o070190250021|Strong=0014|Frame=A0:070190250032;|Type=qatal 4-5 הָאֲנָשִׁים֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 5 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JDG_19:25!3|MId=o070190250031|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 5 אֲנָשִׁים֙ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ Gloss=men|Ref=JDG_19:25!3|MId=o070190250032|Strong=0376 6-7 לִשְׁמֹ֣עַֽ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JDG_19:25!4|MId=o070190250041|Strong=3807a 7 שְׁמֹ֣עַֽ שָׁמַע VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 3 xcomp _ Gloss=listen|Ref=JDG_19:25!4|MId=o070190250042|Strong=8085|Frame=A0:070190250032;|Type=infinitive_construct 8-9 ל֔וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 ל לְ ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JDG_19:25!5|MId=o070190250051|Strong=3807a 9 ֔וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 7 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=JDG_19:25!5|MId=o070190250052|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 10-11 וַיַּחֲזֵ֤ק _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 11 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_19:25!6|MId=o070190250061|Strong=2050b 11 יַּחֲזֵ֤ק חָזַק VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=he.took.hold|Ref=JDG_19:25!6|MId=o070190250062|Strong=2388|Frame=A0:070190250072;|Type=wayyiqtol 12-13 הָאִישׁ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 13 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JDG_19:25!7|MId=o070190250071|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 13 אִישׁ֙ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 nsubj _ Gloss=man|Ref=JDG_19:25!7|MId=o070190250072|Strong=0376 14-16 בְּפִ֣ילַגְשׁ֔וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=JDG_19:25!8|MId=o070190250081|Strong=0871a 15 פִ֣ילַגְשׁ פִּלֶגֶשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 11 obl _ Gloss=concubine|Ref=JDG_19:25!8|MId=o070190250082|Strong=6370 16 ֔וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 15 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=JDG_19:25!8|MId=o070190250083|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 17-18 וַיֹּצֵ֥א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 18 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_19:25!9|MId=o070190250091|Strong=2050b 18 יֹּצֵ֥א יָצָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=he.brought.[her].out|Ref=JDG_19:25!9|MId=o070190250092|Strong=3318|Frame=A0:070190250072;|Type=wayyiqtol 19-20 אֲלֵיהֶ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 אֲלֵי אֶל ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JDG_19:25!10|MId=o070190250101|Strong=0413 20 הֶ֖ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=JDG_19:25!10|MId=o070190250102|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 21-22 הַח֑וּץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 22 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JDG_19:25!11|MId=o070190250111|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 22 ח֑וּץ חוּץ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 obl _ Gloss=outside|Ref=JDG_19:25!11|MId=o070190250112|Strong=2351 23-24 וַיֵּדְע֣וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 24 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_19:25!12|MId=o070190250121|Strong=2050b 24 יֵּדְע֣וּ יָדַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=they.knew|Ref=JDG_19:25!12|MId=o070190250122|Strong=3045|Frame=A0:070190250032;A1:070190250132;|Type=wayyiqtol 25-26 א֠וֹתָהּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 א֠וֹת אֵת ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=|Ref=JDG_19:25!13|MId=o070190250131|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 26 ָהּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 obj _ Gloss=her|Ref=JDG_19:25!13|MId=o070190250132|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 27-28 וַיִּֽתְעַלְּלוּ־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 28 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_19:25!14|MId=o070190250141|Strong=2050b 28 יִּֽתְעַלְּלוּ־ עָלַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HITHPAEL|Number=Plur|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=they.abused|Ref=JDG_19:25!14|MId=o070190250142|Strong=5953|Frame=A0:070190250032;|Type=wayyiqtol 29-30 בָ֤הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 ב בְּ ADP _ _ 30 case _ Gloss=(in)|Ref=JDG_19:25!15|MId=o070190250151|Strong=0871a 30 ָ֤הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 28 obl _ Gloss=her|Ref=JDG_19:25!15|MId=o070190250152|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 31 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 28 obl _ Gloss=all|Ref=JDG_19:25!16|MId=o070190250161|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 32-33 הַלַּ֙יְלָה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 33 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JDG_19:25!17|MId=o070190250171|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 33 לַּ֙יְלָה֙ לַיְלָה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 31 compound:smixut _ Gloss=night|Ref=JDG_19:25!17|MId=o070190250172|Strong=3915 34 עַד־ עַד ADP _ _ 36 case _ Gloss=until|Ref=JDG_19:25!18|MId=o070190250181|Strong=5704|SpaceAfter=No 35-36 הַבֹּ֔קֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 36 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JDG_19:25!19|MId=o070190250191|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 36 בֹּ֔קֶר בֹּקֶר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 28 obl _ Gloss=morning|Ref=JDG_19:25!19|MId=o070190250192|Strong=1242 37-39 וַֽיְשַׁלְּח֖וּהָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 וַֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 38 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_19:25!20|MId=o070190250201|Strong=2050b 38 יְשַׁלְּח֖וּ שָׁלַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Plur|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=they|Ref=JDG_19:25!20|MId=o070190250202|Strong=7971|Frame=A0:070190250032;A1:070190250203;|Type=wayyiqtol 39 הָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 38 obj _ Gloss=let.her.go|Ref=JDG_19:25!20|MId=o070190250203|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 40-41 כַּעֲל֥וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 כַּ כְּ ADP _ _ 41 case _ Gloss=just|Ref=JDG_19:25!22|MId=o070190250221|Strong=3509a 41 עֲל֥וֹת עָלָה VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 38 advcl _ Gloss=as.came.up|Ref=JDG_19:25!22|MId=o070190250222|Strong=5927|Frame=A0:070190250232;|Type=infinitive_construct 42-43 הַשָּֽׁחַר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 43 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JDG_19:25!23|MId=o070190250231|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 43 שָּֽׁחַר שַׁחַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 41 nsubj _ Gloss=dawn|Ref=JDG_19:25!23|MId=o070190250232|Strong=7837 44 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 43 punct _ Ref=JDG_19:25!23 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | **not** אָבוּ *they were willing* | qatal · qal | אֲנָשִׁים *men* | | | | | שְׁמֹעַֽ *listen* | infinitive construct · qal | אֲנָשִׁים *men* | | | | | יַּחֲזֵק *he took hold* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | אִישׁ *man* | | | | | יֹּצֵא *he brought \[her\] out* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | אִישׁ *man* | | | | | יֵּדְעוּ *they knew* | wayyiqtol · qal | אֲנָשִׁים *men* | ָהּ *her* | | | | יִּֽתְעַלְּלוּ־ *they abused* | wayyiqtol · hithpael | אֲנָשִׁים *men* | | | | | יְשַׁלְּחוּ *they* | wayyiqtol · piel | אֲנָשִׁים *men* | הָ *let her go* | | | | עֲלוֹת *as came up* | infinitive construct · qal | שָּֽׁחַר *dawn* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְלָא אָבוּ גַבְרַיָא לְקַבָּלָא מִנֵיהּ וְאַתְקֵיף גַבְרָא בִּלְחֵינָתֵיהּ וְאַפֵּיק לְוַתְהוֹן לְבָּרָא וִידָעוּ יָתָהּ וְאִתְלְעָבוּ בָהּ כָּל לֵילְיָא עַד צַפְרָא וְשַׁלְחוּהָא כְּמֵיסַק צַפְרָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [But the men would not hearken to him; so the man laid hold on his concubine, and brought her forth unto them; and they knew her, and abused her all the night until the morning; and when the day began to spring, they let her go.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.574/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JDG:539`. - ← previous: [Judges 19:24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.19.24/) - next →: [Judges 19:26](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.19.26/) - ↑ back to [Judges 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/19/)