--- title: Judges 19:4 — And his father-in-law, the damsel's father, retained him; and he abo… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And his father-in-law, the damsel's father, retained him; and he abode with him three days; so they did eat and drink, and lodged there. Who acts: father, servant. Judges 19:4 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.19.4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Judges](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/) / [chapter 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/19/) / 19:4 # Judges 19:4 שֹׁפְטִים **Who acts:** father, servant · **What happens:** retain, abide, eat, drink, lodge · **To what, where:** husband This is Judges 19:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — father, servant — and what happens in the verse to husband, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 21 chapters of Judges on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֶּחֱזַק־בּ֤וֹ חֹֽתְנוֹ֙ אֲבִ֣י הַֽנַּעֲרָ֔ה וַיֵּ֥שֶׁב אִתּ֖וֹ שְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת יָמִ֑ים וַיֹּאכְלוּ֙ וַיִּשְׁתּ֔וּ וַיָּלִ֖ינוּ שָֽׁם׃ [And his father-in-law, the damsel's father, retained him; and he abode with him three days; so they did eat and drink, and lodged there.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.553/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JDG:518 # text = וַיֶּחֱזַק־בּ֤וֹ חֹֽתְנוֹ֙ אֲבִ֣י הַֽנַּעֲרָ֔ה וַיֵּ֥שֶׁב אִתּ֖וֹ שְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת יָמִ֑ים וַיֹּאכְלוּ֙ וַיִּשְׁתּ֔וּ וַיָּלִ֖ינוּ שָֽׁם׃ # verse = JDG.19.4 1-2 וַיֶּחֱזַק־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_19:4!1|MId=o070190040011|Strong=2050b 2 יֶּחֱזַק־ חָזַק VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.took.hold|Ref=JDG_19:4!1|MId=o070190040012|Strong=2388|Frame=A0:070190040031;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 בּ֤וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 בּ בְּ ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=JDG_19:4!2|MId=o070190040021|Strong=0871a 4 ֤וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=JDG_19:4!2|MId=o070190040022|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 5-6 חֹֽתְנוֹ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 חֹֽתְנ חֹתֵן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=father-in-law|Ref=JDG_19:4!3|MId=o070190040031|Strong=2859a|Type=participle_active 6 וֹ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 5 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=JDG_19:4!3|MId=o070190040032|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 7 אֲבִ֣י אָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 appos _ Gloss=the.father|Ref=JDG_19:4!4|MId=o070190040041|Strong=0001 8-9 הַֽנַּעֲרָ֔ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 הַֽ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 9 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=JDG_19:4!5|MId=o070190040051|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 9 נַּעֲרָ֔ה נַעֲרָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 7 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.young.woman|Ref=JDG_19:4!5|MId=o070190040052|Strong=5291 10-11 וַיֵּ֥שֶׁב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 11 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_19:4!6|MId=o070190040061|Strong=2050b 11 יֵּ֥שֶׁב יָשַׁב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.remained|Ref=JDG_19:4!6|MId=o070190040062|Strong=3427|Frame=A0:070190030021;|Type=wayyiqtol 12-13 אִתּ֖וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 אִתּ אֵת ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=JDG_19:4!7|MId=o070190040071|Strong=0854 13 ֖וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=JDG_19:4!7|MId=o070190040072|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 14 שְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת שָׁלֹשׁ NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 15 nummod _ Gloss=three|Ref=JDG_19:4!8|MId=o070190040081|Strong=7969|Type=cardinal_number 15 יָמִ֑ים יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 11 obl _ Gloss=days|Ref=JDG_19:4!9|MId=o070190040091|Strong=3117 16-17 וַיֹּאכְלוּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 17 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_19:4!10|MId=o070190040101|Strong=2050b 17 יֹּאכְלוּ֙ אָכַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.ate|Ref=JDG_19:4!10|MId=o070190040102|Strong=0398|Frame=A0:070190030021;070190040031;|Type=wayyiqtol 18-19 וַיִּשְׁתּ֔וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 19 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_19:4!11|MId=o070190040111|Strong=2050b 19 יִּשְׁתּ֔וּ שָׁתָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 17 conj _ Gloss=they.drank|Ref=JDG_19:4!11|MId=o070190040112|Strong=8354|Frame=A0:070190030021;070190040031;|Type=wayyiqtol 20-21 וַיָּלִ֖ינוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 21 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_19:4!12|MId=o070190040121|Strong=2050b 21 יָּלִ֖ינוּ לין VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 17 conj _ Gloss=they.spent.the.night|Ref=JDG_19:4!12|MId=o070190040122|Strong=3885a|Frame=A0:070190030021;070190040031;|Type=wayyiqtol 22 שָֽׁם שָׁם ADV _ _ 21 advmod _ Gloss=there|Ref=JDG_19:4!13|MId=o070190040131|Strong=8033|SpaceAfter=No 23 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 22 punct _ Ref=JDG_19:4!13 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֶּחֱזַק־ *he took hold* | wayyiqtol · qal | חֹֽתְנ *father-in-law* | | | | | יֵּשֶׁב *he remained* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | יֹּאכְלוּ *they ate* | wayyiqtol · qal | חֹֽתְנ *father-in-law* | | | | | יִּשְׁתּוּ *they drank* | wayyiqtol · qal | חֹֽתְנ *father-in-law* | | | | | יָּלִינוּ *they spent the night* | wayyiqtol · qal | חֹֽתְנ *father-in-law* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְאַתְקֵיף בֵּיהּ חֲמוּהִי אֲבוּהָא דְעוּלֶמְתָּא וִיתֵיב עִמֵיהּ תְּלָתָא יוֹמִין וַאֲכָלוּ וּשְׁתִיאוּ וּבָתוּ תַמָן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And his father-in-law, the damsel's father, retained him; and he abode with him three days; so they did eat and drink, and lodged there.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.553/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JDG:518`. - ← previous: [Judges 19:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.19.3/) - next →: [Judges 19:5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.19.5/) - ↑ back to [Judges 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/19/)