--- title: Judges 2:18 — And when the LORD raised them up judges, then the LORD was with the… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And when the LORD raised them up judges, then the LORD was with the judge, and saved them out of the hand of their enemies all the days of the judge; for it repented the LORD because of their groaning by reason of them that oppressed them and crushed them. Who acts: LORD, way, reason. Judges 2:18 in --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.2.18/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Judges](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/) / [chapter 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/2/) / 2:18 # Judges 2:18 שֹׁפְטִים **Who acts:** LORD, way, reason · **What happens:** raise up, be, save, repent, oppress, crush · **To what, where:** judges, hands, hand, LORD This is Judges 2:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — LORD, way, reason — and what happens in the verse to judges, hands, hand, LORD, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 21 chapters of Judges on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְכִֽי־הֵקִ֨ים יְהוָ֥ה ׀ לָהֶם֮ שֹֽׁפְטִים֒ וְהָיָ֤ה יְהוָה֙ עִם־הַשֹּׁפֵ֔ט וְהֽוֹשִׁיעָם֙ מִיַּ֣ד אֹֽיְבֵיהֶ֔ם כֹּ֖ל יְמֵ֣י הַשּׁוֹפֵ֑ט כִּֽי־יִנָּחֵ֤ם יְהוָה֙ מִנַּֽאֲקָתָ֔ם מִפְּנֵ֥י לֹחֲצֵיהֶ֖ם וְדֹחֲקֵיהֶֽם׃ [And when the LORD raised them up judges, then the LORD was with the judge, and saved them out of the hand of their enemies all the days of the judge; for it repented the LORD because of their groaning by reason of them that oppressed them and crushed them.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.55/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JDG:53 # text = וְכִֽי־הֵקִ֨ים יְהוָ֥ה ׀ לָהֶם֮ שֹֽׁפְטִים֒ וְהָיָ֤ה יְהוָה֙ עִם־הַשֹּׁפֵ֔ט וְהֽוֹשִׁיעָם֙ מִיַּ֣ד אֹֽיְבֵיהֶ֔ם כֹּ֖ל יְמֵ֣י הַשּׁוֹפֵ֑ט כִּֽי־יִנָּחֵ֤ם יְהוָה֙ מִנַּֽאֲקָתָ֔ם מִפְּנֵ֥י לֹחֲצֵיהֶ֖ם וְדֹחֲקֵיהֶֽם׃ # verse = JDG.2.18 1-2 וְכִֽי־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 3 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_2:18!1|MId=o070020180011|Strong=2050b 2 כִֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 3 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=JDG_2:18!1|MId=o070020180012|Strong=3588 3 הֵקִ֨ים קוּם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.raised.up|Ref=JDG_2:18!2|MId=o070020180021|Strong=6965|Frame=AA:070020180031;A0:070020180051;|Type=qatal 4 יְהוָ֥ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 3 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=JDG_2:18!3|MId=o070020180031|Strong=3068 5 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 4 punct _ Ref=JDG_2:18!3 6-7 לָהֶם֮ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 ל לְ ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=JDG_2:18!4|MId=o070020180041|Strong=3807a 7 ָהֶם֮ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=JDG_2:18!4|MId=o070020180042|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 8 שֹֽׁפְטִים֒ שָׁפַט VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 3 obj _ Gloss=judges|Ref=JDG_2:18!5|MId=o070020180051|Strong=8199|Type=participle_active 9-10 וְהָיָ֤ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_2:18!6|MId=o070020180061|Strong=2050b 10 הָיָ֤ה הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 14 cop _ Gloss=he.was|Ref=JDG_2:18!6|MId=o070020180062|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:070020180071;|Type=weqatal 11 יְהוָה֙ יהוה PROPN _ _ 14 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=JDG_2:18!7|MId=o070020180071|Strong=3068 12 עִם־ עִם ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=JDG_2:18!8|MId=o070020180081|Strong=5973|SpaceAfter=No 13-14 הַשֹּׁפֵ֔ט _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 הַ הַ SCONJ _ _ 14 mark _ Gloss=the|Ref=JDG_2:18!9|MId=o070020180091|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 14 שֹּׁפֵ֔ט שָׁפַט VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 3 conj _ Gloss=judge|Ref=JDG_2:18!9|MId=o070020180092|Strong=8199|Type=participle_active 15-17 וְהֽוֹשִׁיעָם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 16 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_2:18!10|MId=o070020180101|Strong=2050b 16 הֽוֹשִׁיע יָשַׁע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=he|Ref=JDG_2:18!10|MId=o070020180102|Strong=3467|Frame=AA:070020180071;A0:070020180103;|Type=weqatal 17 ָם֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 obj _ Gloss=delivered.them|Ref=JDG_2:18!10|MId=o070020180103|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 18-19 מִיַּ֣ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=JDG_2:18!11|MId=o070020180111|Strong=4480 19 יַּ֣ד יָד NOUN _ Number=Sing 16 obl _ Gloss=the.hand|Ref=JDG_2:18!11|MId=o070020180112|Strong=3027 20-21 אֹֽיְבֵיהֶ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 אֹֽיְבֵי אָיַב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 19 compound:smixut _ Gloss=their.enemies|Ref=JDG_2:18!12|MId=o070020180121|Strong=0341|Type=participle_active 21 הֶ֔ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=JDG_2:18!12|MId=o070020180122|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 22 כֹּ֖ל כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 16 obl _ Gloss=all|Ref=JDG_2:18!13|MId=o070020180131|Strong=3605 23 יְמֵ֣י יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 22 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.days|Ref=JDG_2:18!14|MId=o070020180141|Strong=3117 24-25 הַשּׁוֹפֵ֑ט _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 25 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=JDG_2:18!15|MId=o070020180151|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 25 שּׁוֹפֵ֑ט שָׁפַט VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 23 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.judge|Ref=JDG_2:18!15|MId=o070020180152|Strong=8199|Type=participle_active 26 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 27 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=JDG_2:18!16|MId=o070020180161|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 27 יִנָּחֵ֤ם נָחַם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 advcl _ Gloss=he.had.compassion|Ref=JDG_2:18!17|MId=o070020180171|Strong=5162|Frame=A0:070020180181;|Type=yiqtol 28 יְהוָה֙ יהוה PROPN _ _ 27 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=JDG_2:18!18|MId=o070020180181|Strong=3068 29-31 מִנַּֽאֲקָתָ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 30 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=JDG_2:18!19|MId=o070020180191|Strong=4480 30 נַּֽאֲקָת נְאָקָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 27 obl _ Gloss=groaning|Ref=JDG_2:18!19|MId=o070020180192|Strong=5009 31 ָ֔ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 30 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=JDG_2:18!19|MId=o070020180193|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 32-33 מִפְּנֵ֥י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 33 case _ Gloss=because|Ref=JDG_2:18!20|MId=o070020180201|Strong=4480 33 פְּנֵ֥י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 27 obl _ Gloss=of|Ref=JDG_2:18!20|MId=o070020180202|Strong=6440 34-35 לֹחֲצֵיהֶ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 לֹחֲצֵי לָחַץ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 33 compound:smixut _ Gloss=[those|Ref=JDG_2:18!21|MId=o070020180211|Strong=3905|Frame=A1:070020180212;|Type=participle_active 35 הֶ֖ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 34 nmod:poss _ Gloss=who].oppressed.them|Ref=JDG_2:18!21|MId=o070020180212|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 36-38 וְדֹחֲקֵיהֶֽם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 37 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_2:18!22|MId=o070020180221|Strong=2050b 37 דֹחֲקֵי דָּחַק VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 34 conj _ Gloss=[those|Ref=JDG_2:18!22|MId=o070020180222|Strong=1766|Frame=A1:070020180223;|Type=participle_active 38 הֶֽם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 37 nmod:poss _ Gloss=who].oppressed.them|Ref=JDG_2:18!22|MId=o070020180223|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 39 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 38 punct _ Ref=JDG_2:18!22 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | הֵקִים *he raised up* | qatal · hiphil | שֹֽׁפְטִים *judges* | | | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | הָיָה *he was* | weqatal · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | | | | הֽוֹשִׁיע *he* | weqatal · hiphil | ָם *delivered them* | | | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | יִנָּחֵם *he had compassion* | yiqtol · niphal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | | | | לֹחֲצֵי *\[those* | participle active · qal | | הֶם *who\] oppressed them* | | | | דֹחֲקֵי *\[those* | participle active · qal | | הֶֽם *who\] oppressed them* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲרֵי אָקֵים יְיָ לְהוֹן נְגִידִין וַהֲוָה מֵימְרָא דַייָ בְּסַעֲדֵיהּ דִנְגִידָא וּפָרִיק לְהוֹן מִיַד בַּעֲלֵי דְבָבֵיהוֹן כָּל יוֹמֵי נְגִידָא אֲרֵי מְתִיב מִמֵימְרָא דַאֲמַר יְיָ וּמְקַבֵּל צְלוֹתְהוֹן וּפָרִיק לְהוֹן מִן קֳדָם דַחֲקֵיהוֹן וּמְשַׁעְבְּדֵיהוֹן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And when the LORD raised them up judges, then the LORD was with the judge, and saved them out of the hand of their enemies all the days of the judge; for it repented the LORD because of their groaning by reason of them that oppressed them and crushed them.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.55/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JDG:53`. - ← previous: [Judges 2:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.2.17/) - next →: [Judges 2:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.2.19/) - ↑ back to [Judges 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/2/)