--- title: Judges 20:18 — And the children of Israel arose, and went up to Beth-el, and asked… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And the children of Israel arose, and went up to Beth-el, and asked counsel of God; and they said: 'Who shall go up for us first to battle against the children of Benjamin?' And the LORD said: 'Judah first.' Who acts: children, LORD. Judges 20:18 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.20.18/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Judges](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/) / [chapter 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/20/) / 20:18 # Judges 20:18 שֹׁפְטִים **Who acts:** children, LORD · **What happens:** arise, go up, ask, say, battle · **To what, where:** Beth el, counsel · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Judges 20:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — children, LORD — and what happens in the verse to Beth el, counsel, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 21 chapters of Judges on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיָּקֻ֜מוּ וַיַּעֲל֣וּ בֵֽית־אֵל֮בֵֽית־אֵל֮ וַיִּשְׁאֲל֣וּ בֵאלֹהִים֒ וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל מִ֚י יַעֲלֶה־לָּ֣נוּ בַתְּחִלָּ֔ה לַמִּלְחָמָ֖ה עִם־בְּנֵ֣י בִנְיָמִ֑ן וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יְהוָ֖ה יְהוּדָ֥ה בַתְּחִלָּֽה׃ [And the children of Israel arose, and went up to Beth-el, and asked counsel of God; and they said: 'Who shall go up for us first to battle against the children of Benjamin?' And the LORD said: 'Judah first.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.597/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JDG:562 # text = וַיָּקֻ֜מוּ וַיַּעֲל֣וּ בֵֽית־אֵל֮בֵֽית־אֵל֮ וַיִּשְׁאֲל֣וּ בֵאלֹהִים֒ וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל מִ֚י יַעֲלֶה־לָּ֣נוּ בַתְּחִלָּ֔ה לַמִּלְחָמָ֖ה עִם־בְּנֵ֣י בִנְיָמִ֑ן וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יְהוָ֖ה יְהוּדָ֥ה בַתְּחִלָּֽה׃ # verse = JDG.20.18 1-2 וַיָּקֻ֜מוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_20:18!1|MId=o070200180011|Strong=2050b 2 יָּקֻ֜מוּ קוּם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.arose|Ref=JDG_20:18!1|MId=o070200180012|Strong=6965|Frame=A0:070200170012;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 וַיַּעֲל֣וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 4 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_20:18!2|MId=o070200180021|Strong=2050b 4 יַּעֲל֣וּ עָלָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.went.up|Ref=JDG_20:18!2|MId=o070200180022|Strong=5927|Frame=A0:070200170012;|Type=wayyiqtol 5-6 בֵֽית־אֵל֮בֵֽית־אֵל֮ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 בֵֽית־אֵל֮ בֵּית־אֵל PROPN _ _ 4 dep _ Gloss=Bethel|Ref=JDG_20:18!3|MId=o070200180031 6 בֵֽית־אֵל֮ בֵּיתְאֵל PROPN _ _ 4 dep _ Gloss=Bethel|Ref=JDG_20:18!4|MId=o070200180041 7-8 וַיִּשְׁאֲל֣וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_20:18!5|MId=o070200180051|Strong=2050b 8 יִּשְׁאֲל֣וּ שָׁאַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.enquired|Ref=JDG_20:18!5|MId=o070200180052|Strong=7592|Frame=A0:070200170012;|Type=wayyiqtol 9-10 בֵאלֹהִים֒ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 בֵ בְּ ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=by|Ref=JDG_20:18!6|MId=o070200180061|Strong=0871a 10 אלֹהִים֒ אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 8 obl _ Gloss=God|Ref=JDG_20:18!6|MId=o070200180062|Strong=0430 11-12 וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_20:18!7|MId=o070200180071|Strong=2050b 12 יֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.said|Ref=JDG_20:18!7|MId=o070200180072|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:070200180071;|Type=wayyiqtol 13 בְּנֵ֣י בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 12 nsubj _ Gloss=the.people|Ref=JDG_20:18!8|MId=o070200180081|Strong=1121 14 יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 13 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Israel|Ref=JDG_20:18!9|MId=o070200180091|Strong=3478 15 מִ֚י מִי PRON _ PronType=Int 16 nsubj _ Gloss=who?|Ref=JDG_20:18!10|MId=o070200180101|Strong=4310|Type=interrogative 16 יַעֲלֶה־ עָלָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 12 ccomp _ Gloss=will.he.go.up|Ref=JDG_20:18!11|MId=o070200180111|Strong=5927|Frame=A0:070200180091;|Type=yiqtol|SpaceAfter=No 17-18 לָּ֣נוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 לּ לְ ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=JDG_20:18!12|MId=o070200180121|Strong=3807a 18 ָ֣נוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 16 obl _ Gloss=us|Ref=JDG_20:18!12|MId=o070200180122|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 19-21 בַתְּחִלָּ֔ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 בַ בְּ ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=at|Ref=JDG_20:18!13|MId=o070200180131|Strong=0871a 20 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 21 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JDG_20:18!13|MId=o070200180131ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 21 תְּחִלָּ֔ה תְּחִלָּה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 16 obl _ Gloss=first|Ref=JDG_20:18!13|MId=o070200180132|Strong=8462 22-24 לַמִּלְחָמָ֖ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JDG_20:18!14|MId=o070200180141|Strong=3807a 23 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 24 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JDG_20:18!14|MId=o070200180141ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 24 מִּלְחָמָ֖ה מִלְחָמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 16 obl _ Gloss=battle|Ref=JDG_20:18!14|MId=o070200180142|Strong=4421 25 עִם־ עִם ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=JDG_20:18!15|MId=o070200180151|Strong=5973|SpaceAfter=No 26 בְּנֵ֣י בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 16 obl _ Gloss=the.descendants|Ref=JDG_20:18!16|MId=o070200180161|Strong=1121 27 בִנְיָמִ֑ן בִּנְיָמִן PROPN _ _ 26 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Benjamin|Ref=JDG_20:18!17|MId=o070200180171|Strong=1144 28-29 וַיֹּ֥אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 29 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_20:18!18|MId=o070200180181|Strong=2050b 29 יֹּ֥אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=JDG_20:18!18|MId=o070200180182|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:070200180181;|Type=wayyiqtol 30 יְהוָ֖ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 29 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=JDG_20:18!19|MId=o070200180191|Strong=3068 31 יְהוּדָ֥ה יְהוּדָה PROPN _ _ 29 ccomp _ Gloss=Judah|Ref=JDG_20:18!20|MId=o070200180201|Strong=3063 32-34 בַתְּחִלָּֽה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 בַ בְּ ADP _ _ 34 case _ Gloss=[will|Ref=JDG_20:18!21|MId=o070200180211|Strong=0871a 33 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 34 det _ Gloss=be]|Ref=JDG_20:18!21|MId=o070200180211ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 34 תְּחִלָּֽה תְּחִלָּה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 31 obl _ Gloss=at.the.first|Ref=JDG_20:18!21|MId=o070200180212|Strong=8462 35 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 34 punct _ Ref=JDG_20:18!21 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: wh-question - act: ask - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יָּקֻמוּ *they arose* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | יַּעֲלוּ *they went up* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | יִּשְׁאֲלוּ *they enquired* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | יֹּֽאמְרוּ *they said* | wayyiqtol · qal | וַ *and* | | | | | יַעֲלֶה־ *will he go up* | yiqtol · qal | יִשְׂרָאֵל *of Israel* | | | | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | וַ *and* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְקָמוּ וּסְלִיקוּ לְבֵית אֵל וּשְׁאִילוּ בְמֵימְרָא דַייָ וַאֲמַרוּ בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל מַן יִסַק לָנָא בְּקַדְמֵיתָא לְאַגָחָא קְרָבָא עִם בְּנֵי בִּנְיָמִין וַאֲמַר יְיָ יְהוּדָה בְּקַדְמֵיתָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And the children of Israel arose, and went up to Beth-el, and asked counsel of God; and they said: 'Who shall go up for us first to battle against the children of Benjamin?' And the LORD said: 'Judah first.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.597/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JDG:562`. - ← previous: [Judges 20:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.20.17/) - next →: [Judges 20:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.20.19/) - ↑ back to [Judges 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/20/)