--- title: Judges 20:23 — And the children of Israel went up and wept before the LORD until ev… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And the children of Israel went up and wept before the LORD until even; and they asked of the LORD, saying: 'Shall I again draw nigh to battle against the children of Benjamin my brother?' And the LORD said: 'Go up against him.' Who acts: children, I, LORD. Judges 20:23 in Hebrew with its dependency --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.20.23/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Judges](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/) / [chapter 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/20/) / 20:23 # Judges 20:23 שֹׁפְטִים **Who acts:** children, I, LORD · **What happens:** go up, weep, ask, say, draw · **To what, where:** battle · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Judges 20:23 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — children, I, LORD — and what happens in the verse to battle, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 21 chapters of Judges on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיַּעֲל֣וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל וַיִּבְכּ֣וּ לִפְנֵֽי־יְהוָה֮ עַד־הָעֶרֶב֒ וַיִּשְׁאֲל֤וּ בַֽיהוָה֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר הַאוֹסִ֗יף לָגֶ֙שֶׁת֙ לַמִּלְחָמָ֔ה עִם־בְּנֵ֥י בִנְיָמִ֖ן אָחִ֑י וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יְהוָ֖ה עֲל֥וּ אֵלָֽיו׃פ [And the children of Israel went up and wept before the LORD until even; and they asked of the LORD, saying: 'Shall I again draw nigh to battle against the children of Benjamin my brother?' And the LORD said: 'Go up against him.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.602/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JDG:567 # text = וַיַּעֲל֣וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל וַיִּבְכּ֣וּ לִפְנֵֽי־יְהוָה֮ עַד־הָעֶרֶב֒ וַיִּשְׁאֲל֤וּ בַֽיהוָה֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר הַאוֹסִ֗יף לָגֶ֙שֶׁת֙ לַמִּלְחָמָ֔ה עִם־בְּנֵ֥י בִנְיָמִ֖ן אָחִ֑י וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יְהוָ֖ה עֲל֥וּ אֵלָֽיו׃פ # verse = JDG.20.23 1-2 וַיַּעֲל֣וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_20:23!1|MId=o070200230011|Strong=2050b 2 יַּעֲל֣וּ עָלָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.went.up|Ref=JDG_20:23!1|MId=o070200230012|Strong=5927|Frame=A0:070200230021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 בְנֵֽי־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ Gloss=the.people|Ref=JDG_20:23!2|MId=o070200230021|Strong=1121|SpaceAfter=No 4 יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 3 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Israel|Ref=JDG_20:23!3|MId=o070200230031|Strong=3478 5-6 וַיִּבְכּ֣וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 6 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_20:23!4|MId=o070200230041|Strong=2050b 6 יִּבְכּ֣וּ בָּכָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.wept|Ref=JDG_20:23!4|MId=o070200230042|Strong=1058|Frame=A0:070200230021;|Type=wayyiqtol 7-8 לִפְנֵֽי־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=before|Ref=JDG_20:23!5|MId=o070200230051|Strong=3807a 8 פְנֵֽי־ פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 6 obl _ Gloss=|Ref=JDG_20:23!5|MId=o070200230052|Strong=6440 9 יְהוָה֮ יהוה PROPN _ _ 8 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=JDG_20:23!6|MId=o070200230061|Strong=3068 10 עַד־ עַד ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=until|Ref=JDG_20:23!7|MId=o070200230071|Strong=5704|SpaceAfter=No 11-12 הָעֶרֶב֒ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 12 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JDG_20:23!8|MId=o070200230081|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 12 עֶרֶב֒ עֶרֶב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 obl _ Gloss=evening|Ref=JDG_20:23!8|MId=o070200230082|Strong=6153 13-14 וַיִּשְׁאֲל֤וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_20:23!9|MId=o070200230091|Strong=2050b 14 יִּשְׁאֲל֤וּ שָׁאַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.enquired|Ref=JDG_20:23!9|MId=o070200230092|Strong=7592|Frame=A0:070200230021;|Type=wayyiqtol 15-16 בַֽיהוָה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 בַֽ בְּ ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=by|Ref=JDG_20:23!10|MId=o070200230101|Strong=0871a 16 יהוָה֙ יהוה PROPN _ _ 14 obl _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=JDG_20:23!10|MId=o070200230102|Strong=3068 17-18 לֵאמֹ֔ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 לֵ לְ ADP _ ExtPos=SCONJ 20 mark _ Gloss=(cmp)|Ref=JDG_20:23!11|MId=o070200230111|Strong=3807a 18 אמֹ֔ר אָמַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 17 fixed _ Gloss=|Ref=JDG_20:23!11|MId=o070200230112|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:070200230021;|Type=infinitive_construct 19-20 הַאוֹסִ֗יף _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 הַ הֲ PART _ _ 20 advmod _ Gloss=will|Ref=JDG_20:23!12|MId=o070200230121|Strong=1886b|Type=interrogative 20 אוֹסִ֗יף יָסַף VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=1 14 ccomp _ Gloss=I.repeat?|Ref=JDG_20:23!12|MId=o070200230122|Strong=3254|Frame=A0:070200230021;|Type=yiqtol 21-22 לָגֶ֙שֶׁת֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 לָ לְ ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JDG_20:23!13|MId=o070200230131|Strong=3807a 22 גֶ֙שֶׁת֙ נָגַשׁ VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 20 xcomp _ Gloss=draw.near|Ref=JDG_20:23!13|MId=o070200230132|Strong=5066|Frame=A0:070200230021;|Type=infinitive_construct 23-25 לַמִּלְחָמָ֔ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=JDG_20:23!14|MId=o070200230141|Strong=3807a 24 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 25 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JDG_20:23!14|MId=o070200230141ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 25 מִּלְחָמָ֔ה מִלְחָמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 22 obl _ Gloss=battle|Ref=JDG_20:23!14|MId=o070200230142|Strong=4421 26 עִם־ עִם ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=JDG_20:23!15|MId=o070200230151|Strong=5973|SpaceAfter=No 27 בְּנֵ֥י בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 22 obl _ Gloss=the.descendants|Ref=JDG_20:23!16|MId=o070200230161|Strong=1121 28 בִנְיָמִ֖ן בִּנְיָמִן PROPN _ _ 27 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Benjamin|Ref=JDG_20:23!17|MId=o070200230171|Strong=1144 29-30 אָחִ֑י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 אָח אָח NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 27 appos _ Gloss=brother|Ref=JDG_20:23!18|MId=o070200230181|Strong=0251 30 ִ֑י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 29 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=JDG_20:23!18|MId=o070200230182|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 31-32 וַיֹּ֥אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 32 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_20:23!19|MId=o070200230191|Strong=2050b 32 יֹּ֥אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=JDG_20:23!19|MId=o070200230192|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:070200230201;|Type=wayyiqtol 33 יְהוָ֖ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 32 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=JDG_20:23!20|MId=o070200230201|Strong=3068 34 עֲל֥וּ עָלָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 32 ccomp _ Gloss=go.up|Ref=JDG_20:23!21|MId=o070200230211|Strong=5927|Frame=A0:070200230021;|Type=imperative 35-36 אֵלָֽיו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 אֵלָֽי אֶל ADP _ _ 36 case _ Gloss=against|Ref=JDG_20:23!22|MId=o070200230221|Strong=0413 36 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 34 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=JDG_20:23!22|MId=o070200230222|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 37 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 36 punct _ Ref=JDG_20:23!22|SpaceAfter=No 38 פ פ PUNCT _ _ 36 punct _ Ref=JDG_20:23!22 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: yes/no question - act: ask - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יַּעֲלוּ *they went up* | wayyiqtol · qal | בְנֵֽי־ *the people* | | | | | יִּבְכּוּ *they wept* | wayyiqtol · qal | בְנֵֽי־ *the people* | | | | | יִּשְׁאֲלוּ *they enquired* | wayyiqtol · qal | בְנֵֽי־ *the people* | | | | | אמֹר | infinitive construct · qal | בְנֵֽי־ *the people* | | | | | אוֹסִיף *I repeat?* | yiqtol · hiphil | בְנֵֽי־ *the people* | | | | | גֶשֶׁת *draw near* | infinitive construct · qal | בְנֵֽי־ *the people* | | | | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | | | | עֲלוּ *go up* | imperative · qal | בְנֵֽי־ *the people* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּסְלִיקוּ בְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וּבְכוֹ קֳדָם יְיָ עַד רַמְשָׁא וּשְׁאִילוּ בְמֵימְרָא דַייָ לְמֵימַר הַאוֹסִיף לְמִקְרַב לְאַגָחָא קְרָבָא עִם בְּנֵי בִנְיָמִין אֲחִי וַאֲמַר יְיָ סַקוּ עֲלֵיהוֹן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And the children of Israel went up and wept before the LORD until even; and they asked of the LORD, saying: 'Shall I again draw nigh to battle against the children of Benjamin my brother?' And the LORD said: 'Go up against him.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.602/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JDG:567`. - ← previous: [Judges 20:22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.20.22/) - next →: [Judges 20:24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.20.24/) - ↑ back to [Judges 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/20/)