--- title: Judges 20:3 — Now the children of Benjamin heard that the children of Israel were… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Now the children of Benjamin heard that the children of Israel were gone up to Mizpah. — And the children of Israel said: 'Tell us, how was this wickedness brought to pass?' Who acts: children. Judges 20:3 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clau --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.20.3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Judges](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/) / [chapter 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/20/) / 20:3 # Judges 20:3 שֹׁפְטִים **Who acts:** children · **What happens:** hear, go up, say, tell, bring, pass · **To what, where:** Mizpah, us, wickedness · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Judges 20:3 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — children — and what happens in the verse to Mizpah, us, wickedness, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 21 chapters of Judges on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַֽיִּשְׁמְעוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י בִנְיָמִ֔ן כִּֽי־עָל֥וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל הַמִּצְפָּ֑ה וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל דַּבְּר֕וּ אֵיכָ֥ה נִהְיְתָ֖ה הָרָעָ֥ה הַזֹּֽאת׃ [Now the children of Benjamin heard that the children of Israel were gone up to Mizpah. — And the children of Israel said: 'Tell us, how was this wickedness brought to pass?'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.582/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JDG:547 # text = וַֽיִּשְׁמְעוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י בִנְיָמִ֔ן כִּֽי־עָל֥וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל הַמִּצְפָּ֑ה וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל דַּבְּר֕וּ אֵיכָ֥ה נִהְיְתָ֖ה הָרָעָ֥ה הַזֹּֽאת׃ # verse = JDG.20.3 1-2 וַֽיִּשְׁמְעוּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_20:3!1|MId=o070200030011|Strong=2050b 2 יִּשְׁמְעוּ֙ שָׁמַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.heard|Ref=JDG_20:3!1|MId=o070200030012|Strong=8085|Frame=A0:070200030021;A1:070200030051;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 בְּנֵ֣י בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ Gloss=the.descendants|Ref=JDG_20:3!2|MId=o070200030021|Strong=1121 4 בִנְיָמִ֔ן בִּנְיָמִן PROPN _ _ 3 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Benjamin|Ref=JDG_20:3!3|MId=o070200030031|Strong=1144 5 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 6 mark _ Gloss=(dm).that|Ref=JDG_20:3!4|MId=o070200030041|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 6 עָל֥וּ עָלָה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 ccomp _ Gloss=they.had.gone.up|Ref=JDG_20:3!5|MId=o070200030051|Strong=5927|Frame=A0:070200030061;|Type=qatal 7 בְנֵֽי־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 6 nsubj _ Gloss=the.people|Ref=JDG_20:3!6|MId=o070200030061|Strong=1121|SpaceAfter=No 8 יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 7 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Israel|Ref=JDG_20:3!7|MId=o070200030071|Strong=3478 9-10 הַמִּצְפָּ֑ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 10 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JDG_20:3!8|MId=o070200030081|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 10 מִּצְפָּ֑ה מִצְפָּה PROPN _ _ 6 obl _ Gloss=Mizpah|Ref=JDG_20:3!8|MId=o070200030082|Strong=4709 11-12 וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_20:3!9|MId=o070200030091|Strong=2050b 12 יֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.said|Ref=JDG_20:3!9|MId=o070200030092|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:070200030101;|Type=wayyiqtol 13 בְּנֵ֣י בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 12 nsubj _ Gloss=the.people|Ref=JDG_20:3!10|MId=o070200030101|Strong=1121 14 יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 13 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Israel|Ref=JDG_20:3!11|MId=o070200030111|Strong=3478 15 דַּבְּר֕וּ דָבַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Plur|Person=2 12 ccomp _ Gloss=speak|Ref=JDG_20:3!12|MId=o070200030121|Strong=1696|Frame=A0:070200030021;|Type=imperative 16 אֵיכָ֥ה אֵיכָה INTJ _ _ 17 discourse _ Gloss=how?|Ref=JDG_20:3!13|MId=o070200030131|Strong=0349a|Type=interrogative 17 נִהְיְתָ֖ה הָיָה VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 15 ccomp _ Gloss=did.it.occur|Ref=JDG_20:3!14|MId=o070200030141|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:070200030152;|Type=qatal 18-19 הָרָעָ֥ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 19 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JDG_20:3!15|MId=o070200030151|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 19 רָעָ֥ה רָעָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 17 nsubj _ Gloss=evil|Ref=JDG_20:3!15|MId=o070200030152|Strong=7451b 20-21 הַזֹּֽאת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 21 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JDG_20:3!16|MId=o070200030161|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 21 זֹּֽאת זֹאת DET _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 19 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=JDG_20:3!16|MId=o070200030162|Strong=2063|Type=demonstrative 22 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 21 punct _ Ref=JDG_20:3!16 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִּשְׁמְעוּ *they heard* | wayyiqtol · qal | בְּנֵי *the descendants* | עָלוּ *they had gone up* | | | | עָלוּ *they had gone up* | qatal · qal | בְנֵֽי־ *the people* | | | | | יֹּֽאמְרוּ *they said* | wayyiqtol · qal | בְּנֵי *the people* | | | | | דַּבְּרוּ *speak* | imperative · piel | בְּנֵי *the descendants* | | | | | נִהְיְתָה *did it occur* | qatal · niphal | רָעָה *evil* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּשְׁמָעוּ בְּנֵי בִנְיָמִין אֲרֵי סַלִיקוּ בְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל לְמִצְפַּיָא וַאֲמַרוּ בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל מַלִילוּ אֵיכְדֵין הֲוַת בִּישָׁתָא הָדָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Now the children of Benjamin heard that the children of Israel were gone up to Mizpah. — And the children of Israel said: 'Tell us, how was this wickedness brought to pass?'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.582/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JDG:547`. - ← previous: [Judges 20:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.20.2/) - next →: [Judges 20:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.20.4/) - ↑ back to [Judges 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/20/)