--- title: Judges 20:31 — And the children of Benjamin went out against the people, and were d… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And the children of Benjamin went out against the people, and were drawn away from the city; and they began to smite and kill of the people, as at other times, in the field, in the highways, of which one goeth up to Beth-el, and the other to Gibeah, about thirty men of Israel. Who acts: children, on --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.20.31/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Judges](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/) / [chapter 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/20/) / 20:31 # Judges 20:31 שֹׁפְטִים **Who acts:** children, one · **What happens:** go out, draw away, begin, smite, kill, go up · **To what, where:** field, Beth el This is Judges 20:31 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — children, one — and what happens in the verse to field, Beth el, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 21 chapters of Judges on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֵּצְא֤וּ בְנֵֽי־בִנְיָמִן֙ לִקְרַ֣את הָעָ֔ם הָנְתְּק֖וּ מִן־הָעִ֑יר וַיָּחֵ֡לּוּ לְהַכּוֹת֩ מֵהָעָ֨ם חֲלָלִ֜ים כְּפַ֣עַם ׀ בְּפַ֗עַם בַּֽמְסִלּוֹת֙ אֲשֶׁ֨ר אַחַ֜ת עֹלָ֣ה בֵֽית־אֵ֗לבֵֽית־אֵ֗ל וְאַחַ֤ת גִּבְעָ֙תָה֙ בַּשָּׂדֶ֔ה כִּשְׁלֹשִׁ֥ים אִ֖ישׁ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ [And the children of Benjamin went out against the people, and were drawn away from the city; and they began to smite and kill of the people, as at other times, in the field, in the highways, of which one goeth up to Beth-el, and the other to Gibeah, about thirty men of Israel.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.610/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JDG:575 # text = וַיֵּצְא֤וּ בְנֵֽי־בִנְיָמִן֙ לִקְרַ֣את הָעָ֔ם הָנְתְּק֖וּ מִן־הָעִ֑יר וַיָּחֵ֡לּוּ לְהַכּוֹת֩ מֵהָעָ֨ם חֲלָלִ֜ים כְּפַ֣עַם ׀ בְּפַ֗עַם בַּֽמְסִלּוֹת֙ אֲשֶׁ֨ר אַחַ֜ת עֹלָ֣ה בֵֽית־אֵ֗לבֵֽית־אֵ֗ל וְאַחַ֤ת גִּבְעָ֙תָה֙ בַּשָּׂדֶ֔ה כִּשְׁלֹשִׁ֥ים אִ֖ישׁ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ # verse = JDG.20.31 1-2 וַיֵּצְא֤וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_20:31!1|MId=o070200310011|Strong=2050b 2 יֵּצְא֤וּ יָצָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.went.out|Ref=JDG_20:31!1|MId=o070200310012|Strong=3318|Frame=A0:070200310021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 בְנֵֽי־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ Gloss=the.descendants|Ref=JDG_20:31!2|MId=o070200310021|Strong=1121|SpaceAfter=No 4 בִנְיָמִן֙ בִּנְיָמִן PROPN _ _ 3 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Benjamin|Ref=JDG_20:31!3|MId=o070200310031|Strong=1144 5-6 לִקְרַ֣את _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JDG_20:31!4|MId=o070200310041|Strong=3807a 6 קְרַ֣את קרא VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 2 advcl _ Gloss=meet|Ref=JDG_20:31!4|MId=o070200310042|Strong=7122|Frame=A0:070200310021;A1:070200310052;|Type=infinitive_construct 7-8 הָעָ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 8 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JDG_20:31!5|MId=o070200310051|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 8 עָ֔ם עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 obj _ Gloss=people|Ref=JDG_20:31!5|MId=o070200310052|Strong=5971 9 הָנְתְּק֖וּ נָתַק VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HOPHAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 parataxis _ Gloss=they.were.drawn.away|Ref=JDG_20:31!6|MId=o070200310061|Strong=5423|Frame=A1:070200310021;|Type=qatal 10 מִן־ מִן ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=JDG_20:31!7|MId=o070200310071|Strong=4480|SpaceAfter=No 11-12 הָעִ֑יר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 12 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JDG_20:31!8|MId=o070200310081|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 12 עִ֑יר עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 9 obl _ Gloss=city|Ref=JDG_20:31!8|MId=o070200310082|Strong=5892 13-14 וַיָּחֵ֡לּוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_20:31!9|MId=o070200310091|Strong=2050b 14 יָּחֵ֡לּוּ חָלַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.began|Ref=JDG_20:31!9|MId=o070200310092|Strong=2490|Frame=A0:070200310021;|Type=wayyiqtol 15-16 לְהַכּוֹת֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JDG_20:31!10|MId=o070200310101|Strong=3807a 16 הַכּוֹת֩ נָכָה VERB _ HebBinyan=HIPHIL 14 xcomp _ Gloss=strike.down|Ref=JDG_20:31!10|MId=o070200310102|Strong=5221|Frame=AA:070200310021;A0:070200310121;|Type=infinitive_construct 17-19 מֵהָעָ֨ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=some|Ref=JDG_20:31!11|MId=o070200310111|Strong=4480 18 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 19 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=JDG_20:31!11|MId=o070200310112|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 19 עָ֨ם עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 16 obl _ Gloss=the.people|Ref=JDG_20:31!11|MId=o070200310113|Strong=5971 20 חֲלָלִ֜ים חָלָל ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 16 obj _ Gloss=fatally.wounded|Ref=JDG_20:31!12|MId=o070200310121|Strong=2491|Type=adjective 21-22 כְּפַ֣עַם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 כְּ כְּ ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=as|Ref=JDG_20:31!13|MId=o070200310131|Strong=3509a 22 פַ֣עַם פַּעַם NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 16 obl _ Gloss=time|Ref=JDG_20:31!13|MId=o070200310132|Strong=6471 23 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 22 punct _ Ref=JDG_20:31!13 24-25 בְּפַ֗עַם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=JDG_20:31!14|MId=o070200310141|Strong=0871a 25 פַ֗עַם פַּעַם NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 22 nmod _ Gloss=time|Ref=JDG_20:31!14|MId=o070200310142|Strong=6471 26-28 בַּֽמְסִלּוֹת֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 בַּֽ בְּ ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=JDG_20:31!15|MId=o070200310151|Strong=0871a 27 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 28 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JDG_20:31!15|MId=o070200310151ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 28 מְסִלּוֹת֙ מְסִלָּה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 16 obl _ Gloss=highways|Ref=JDG_20:31!15|MId=o070200310152|Strong=4546 29 אֲשֶׁ֨ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 31 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=JDG_20:31!16|MId=o070200310161|Strong=0834|Type=relative 30 אַחַ֜ת אֶחָד NUM _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 31 nsubj _ Gloss=one|Ref=JDG_20:31!17|MId=o070200310171|Strong=0259|Type=cardinal_number 31 עֹלָ֣ה עָלָה VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 28 acl:relcl _ Gloss=[is].going.up|Ref=JDG_20:31!18|MId=o070200310181|Strong=5927|Frame=A0:070200310171;|Type=participle_active 32-33 בֵֽית־אֵ֗לבֵֽית־אֵ֗ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 בֵֽית־אֵ֗ל בֵּית־אֵל PROPN _ _ 31 dep _ Gloss=Bethel|Ref=JDG_20:31!19|MId=o070200310191 33 בֵֽית־אֵ֗ל בֵּיתְאֵל PROPN _ _ 31 dep _ Gloss=Bethel|Ref=JDG_20:31!20|MId=o070200310201 34-35 וְאַחַ֤ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 35 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_20:31!21|MId=o070200310211|Strong=2050b 35 אַחַ֤ת אֶחָד NUM _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 31 conj _ Gloss=one|Ref=JDG_20:31!21|MId=o070200310212|Strong=0259|Type=cardinal_number 36-37 גִּבְעָ֙תָה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 גִּבְעָ֙ת גִּבְעָה PROPN _ _ 35 obl _ Gloss=to|Ref=JDG_20:31!22|MId=o070200310221|Strong=1390 37 ָה֙ ה X _ _ 36 nmod _ Gloss=Gibeah|Ref=JDG_20:31!22|MId=o070200310222|Strong=1886c|Type=directional_he 38-40 בַּשָּׂדֶ֔ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 40 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=JDG_20:31!23|MId=o070200310231|Strong=0871a 39 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 40 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JDG_20:31!23|MId=o070200310231ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 40 שָּׂדֶ֔ה שָׂדֶה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 28 nmod _ Gloss=field|Ref=JDG_20:31!23|MId=o070200310232|Strong=7704 41-42 כִּשְׁלֹשִׁ֥ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 כִּ כְּ ADP _ _ 43 case _ Gloss=about|Ref=JDG_20:31!24|MId=o070200310241|Strong=3509a 42 שְׁלֹשִׁ֥ים שָׁלֹשׁ NUM _ Number=Plur 43 nummod _ Gloss=thirty|Ref=JDG_20:31!24|MId=o070200310242|Strong=7970|Type=cardinal_number 43 אִ֖ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 16 obl _ Gloss=man|Ref=JDG_20:31!25|MId=o070200310251|Strong=0376 44-45 בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 45 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=JDG_20:31!26|MId=o070200310261|Strong=0871a 45 יִשְׂרָאֵֽל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 43 nmod _ Gloss=Israel|Ref=JDG_20:31!26|MId=o070200310262|Strong=3478 46 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 45 punct _ Ref=JDG_20:31!26 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֵּצְאוּ *they went out* | wayyiqtol · qal | בְנֵֽי־ *the descendants* | | | | | קְרַאת *meet* | infinitive construct · qal | בְנֵֽי־ *the descendants* | עָם *people* | | | | הָנְתְּקוּ *they were drawn away* | qatal · hophal | | בְנֵֽי־ *the descendants* | | | | יָּחֵלּוּ *they began* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | בְנֵֽי־ *the descendants* | | | | | הַכּוֹת *strike down* | infinitive construct · hiphil | חֲלָלִים *fatally wounded* | | | בְנֵֽי־ *the descendants* | | עֹלָה *\[is\] going up* | participle active · qal | אַחַת *one* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּנְפָקוּ בְּנֵי בִּנְיָמִין לִקְדָמוּת עַמָא אִתְנְגִידוּ מִן קַרְתָּא וּשְׁרִיאוּ לְקַטָלָא מֵעַמָא קְטִילִין כִּזְמַן בִּזְמָן בִּכְבֵשׁ אָרְחָתָא דַחֲדָא סַלְקָא לְבֵית אֵל וַחֲדָא לְגִבְעֲתָא בְּחַקְלָא כִּתְלָתִין גַבְרָא בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And the children of Benjamin went out against the people, and were drawn away from the city; and they began to smite and kill of the people, as at other times, in the field, in the highways, of which one goeth up to Beth-el, and the other to Gibeah, about thirty men of Israel.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.610/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JDG:575`. - ← previous: [Judges 20:30](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.20.30/) - next →: [Judges 20:32](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.20.32/) - ↑ back to [Judges 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/20/)