--- title: Judges 20:34 — And there came over against Gibeah ten thousand chosen men out of al… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And there came over against Gibeah ten thousand chosen men out of all Israel, and the battle was sore; but they knew not that evil was close upon them. Who acts: thousand chosen men, battle, children, evil. Judges 20:34 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.20.34/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Judges](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/) / [chapter 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/20/) / 20:34 # Judges 20:34 שֹׁפְטִים **Who acts:** thousand chosen men, battle, children, evil · **What happens:** come over, choose, be, not know · **To what, where:** Gibeah · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Judges 20:34 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — thousand chosen men, battle, children, evil — and what happens in the verse to Gibeah, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 21 chapters of Judges on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיָּבֹאוּ֩ מִנֶּ֨גֶד לַגִּבְעָ֜ה עֲשֶׂרֶת֩ אֲלָפִ֨ים אִ֤ישׁ בָּחוּר֙ מִכָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְהַמִּלְחָמָ֖ה כָּבֵ֑דָה וְהֵם֙ לֹ֣א יָדְע֔וּ כִּֽי־נֹגַ֥עַת עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם הָרָעָֽה׃פ [And there came over against Gibeah ten thousand chosen men out of all Israel, and the battle was sore; but they knew not that evil was close upon them.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.613/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JDG:578 # text = וַיָּבֹאוּ֩ מִנֶּ֨גֶד לַגִּבְעָ֜ה עֲשֶׂרֶת֩ אֲלָפִ֨ים אִ֤ישׁ בָּחוּר֙ מִכָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְהַמִּלְחָמָ֖ה כָּבֵ֑דָה וְהֵם֙ לֹ֣א יָדְע֔וּ כִּֽי־נֹגַ֥עַת עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם הָרָעָֽה׃פ # verse = JDG.20.34 1-2 וַיָּבֹאוּ֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_20:34!1|MId=o070200340011|Strong=2050b 2 יָּבֹאוּ֩ בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.came|Ref=JDG_20:34!1|MId=o070200340012|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:070200340061;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 מִנֶּ֨גֶד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=JDG_20:34!2|MId=o070200340021|Strong=4480 4 נֶּ֨גֶד נֶגֶד NOUN _ _ 2 obl _ Gloss=before|Ref=JDG_20:34!2|MId=o070200340022|Strong=5048 5-7 לַגִּבְעָ֜ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JDG_20:34!3|MId=o070200340031|Strong=3807a 6 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 7 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JDG_20:34!3|MId=o070200340031ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 7 גִּבְעָ֜ה גִּבְעָה PROPN _ _ 4 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Gibeah|Ref=JDG_20:34!3|MId=o070200340032|Strong=1390 8 עֲשֶׂרֶת֩ עֲשָׂרָה NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 nummod _ Gloss=ten|Ref=JDG_20:34!4|MId=o070200340041|Strong=6235|Type=cardinal_number 9 אֲלָפִ֨ים אֶלֶף NUM _ Number=Plur 8 flat _ Gloss=thousand(s)|Ref=JDG_20:34!5|MId=o070200340051|Strong=0505|Type=cardinal_number 10 אִ֤ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=man|Ref=JDG_20:34!6|MId=o070200340061|Strong=0376 11 בָּחוּר֙ בָּחַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 10 acl:relcl _ Gloss=chosen|Ref=JDG_20:34!7|MId=o070200340071|Strong=0977|Frame=A1:070200340061;|Type=participle_passive 12-13 מִכָּל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=JDG_20:34!8|MId=o070200340081|Strong=4480 13 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 obl _ Gloss=all|Ref=JDG_20:34!8|MId=o070200340082|Strong=3605 14 יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 13 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Israel|Ref=JDG_20:34!9|MId=o070200340091|Strong=3478 15-17 וְהַמִּלְחָמָ֖ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 18 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_20:34!10|MId=o070200340101|Strong=2050b 16 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 17 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JDG_20:34!10|MId=o070200340102|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 17 מִּלְחָמָ֖ה מִלְחָמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 18 nsubj _ Gloss=battle|Ref=JDG_20:34!10|MId=o070200340103|Strong=4421 18 כָּבֵ֑דָה כָּבֵד VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=it.was.heavy|Ref=JDG_20:34!11|MId=o070200340111|Strong=3513|Frame=A0:070200340103;|Type=qatal 19-20 וְהֵם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 22 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_20:34!12|MId=o070200340121|Strong=2050b 20 הֵם֙ הֵם PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 nsubj _ Gloss=they|Ref=JDG_20:34!12|MId=o070200340122|Strong=1992|Type=personal 21 לֹ֣א לֹא ADV _ _ 22 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=JDG_20:34!13|MId=o070200340131|Strong=3808|Type=negative 22 יָדְע֔וּ יָדַע VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.knew|Ref=JDG_20:34!14|MId=o070200340141|Strong=3045|Frame=A0:070200340122;A1:070200340161;|Type=qatal 23 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 24 mark _ Gloss=(dm).that|Ref=JDG_20:34!15|MId=o070200340151|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 24 נֹגַ֥עַת נָגַע VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 22 ccomp _ Gloss=[was].about.to.touch|Ref=JDG_20:34!16|MId=o070200340161|Strong=5060|Frame=A0:070200340182;|Type=participle_active 25-26 עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 עֲלֵי עַל ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JDG_20:34!17|MId=o070200340171|Strong=5921 26 הֶ֖ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=JDG_20:34!17|MId=o070200340172|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 27-28 הָרָעָֽה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 28 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JDG_20:34!18|MId=o070200340181|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 28 רָעָֽה רָעָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 24 nsubj _ Gloss=calamity|Ref=JDG_20:34!18|MId=o070200340182|Strong=7451b 29 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 28 punct _ Ref=JDG_20:34!18|SpaceAfter=No 30 פ פ PUNCT _ _ 28 punct _ Ref=JDG_20:34!18 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יָּבֹאוּ *they came* | wayyiqtol · qal | אִישׁ *man* | | | | | בָּחוּר *chosen* | participle passive · qal | | אִישׁ *man* | | | | כָּבֵדָה *it was heavy* | qatal · qal | מִּלְחָמָה *battle* | | | | | **not** יָדְעוּ *they knew* | qatal · qal | הֵם *they* | נֹגַעַת *\[was\] about to touch* | | | | נֹגַעַת *\[was\] about to touch* | participle active · qal | רָעָֽה *calamity* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲתוֹ מִדָרוֹם לְגִבְעָתָא עַסְרָא אַלְפִין גְבַר עוּלֵים מִכָּל יִשְׂרָאֵל וְעָבְדֵי קְרָבָא תַקִיפוּ וְאִנוּן לָא יָדְעִין אֲרֵי קְרִיבַת דְתֵיתֵי לְהוֹן בִּישְׁתָּא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And there came over against Gibeah ten thousand chosen men out of all Israel, and the battle was sore; but they knew not that evil was close upon them.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.613/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JDG:578`. - ← previous: [Judges 20:33](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.20.33/) - next →: [Judges 20:35](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.20.35/) - ↑ back to [Judges 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/20/)