--- title: Judges 20:38 — Now there was an appointed sign between the men of Israel and the li… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Now there was an appointed sign between the men of Israel and the liers-in-wait, that they should make a great beacon of smoke rise up out of the city. — Who acts: liers, great beacon, smoke. Judges 20:38 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every claus --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.20.38/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Judges](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/) / [chapter 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/20/) / 20:38 # Judges 20:38 שֹׁפְטִים **Who acts:** liers, great beacon, smoke · **What happens:** make, rise up, beacon · **To what, where:** great beacon, city This is Judges 20:38 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — liers, great beacon, smoke — and what happens in the verse to great beacon, city, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 21 chapters of Judges on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְהַמּוֹעֵ֗ד הָיָ֛ה לְאִ֥ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל עִם־הָאֹרֵ֑ב הֶ֕רֶב לְהַעֲלוֹתָ֛ם מַשְׂאַ֥ת הֶעָשָׁ֖ן מִן־הָעִֽיר׃ [Now there was an appointed sign between the men of Israel and the liers-in-wait, that they should make a great beacon of smoke rise up out of the city. —](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.618/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JDG:582 # text = וְהַמּוֹעֵ֗ד הָיָ֛ה לְאִ֥ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל עִם־הָאֹרֵ֑ב הֶ֕רֶב לְהַעֲלוֹתָ֛ם מַשְׂאַ֥ת הֶעָשָׁ֖ן מִן־הָעִֽיר׃ # verse = JDG.20.38 1-3 וְהַמּוֹעֵ֗ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 6 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_20:38!1|MId=o070200380011|Strong=2050b 2 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 3 det _ Gloss=the.appointed|Ref=JDG_20:38!1|MId=o070200380012|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 3 מּוֹעֵ֗ד מוֹעֵד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ Gloss=signal|Ref=JDG_20:38!1|MId=o070200380013|Strong=4150 4 הָיָ֛ה הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 6 cop _ Gloss=[which].it.belonged|Ref=JDG_20:38!2|MId=o070200380021|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:070200380013;|Type=qatal 5-6 לְאִ֥ישׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JDG_20:38!3|MId=o070200380031|Strong=3807a 6 אִ֥ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 0 root _ Gloss=the.man|Ref=JDG_20:38!3|MId=o070200380032|Strong=0376 7 יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 6 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Israel|Ref=JDG_20:38!4|MId=o070200380041|Strong=3478 8 עִם־ עִם ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=JDG_20:38!5|MId=o070200380051|Strong=5973|SpaceAfter=No 9-10 הָאֹרֵ֑ב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 10 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JDG_20:38!6|MId=o070200380061|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 10 אֹרֵ֑ב אָרַב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 6 obl _ Gloss=ambusher|Ref=JDG_20:38!6|MId=o070200380062|Strong=0693|Type=participle_active 11 הֶ֕רֶב רָבָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=2 6 parataxis _ Gloss=[was].do.much|Ref=JDG_20:38!7|MId=o070200380071|Strong=7235|Frame=A0:;|Type=imperative 12-14 לְהַעֲלוֹתָ֛ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=they|Ref=JDG_20:38!8|MId=o070200380081|Strong=3807a 13 הַעֲלוֹת עָלָה VERB _ HebBinyan=HIPHIL 11 advcl _ Gloss=to|Ref=JDG_20:38!8|MId=o070200380082|Strong=5927|Frame=AA:070200380083;A0:070200380091;|Type=infinitive_construct 14 ָ֛ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 nsubj _ Gloss=cause.to.go.up|Ref=JDG_20:38!8|MId=o070200380083|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 15 מַשְׂאַ֥ת מַשְׂאֵת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 13 obj _ Gloss=the.rising|Ref=JDG_20:38!9|MId=o070200380091|Strong=4864 16-17 הֶעָשָׁ֖ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 הֶ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 17 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=JDG_20:38!10|MId=o070200380101|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 17 עָשָׁ֖ן עָשָׁן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 15 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.smoke|Ref=JDG_20:38!10|MId=o070200380102|Strong=6227 18 מִן־ מִן ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=JDG_20:38!11|MId=o070200380111|Strong=4480|SpaceAfter=No 19-20 הָעִֽיר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 20 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JDG_20:38!12|MId=o070200380121|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 20 עִֽיר עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 13 obl _ Gloss=city|Ref=JDG_20:38!12|MId=o070200380122|Strong=5892 21 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 20 punct _ Ref=JDG_20:38!12 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: speech with no frame - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | הָיָה *\[which\] it belonged* | qatal · qal | מּוֹעֵד *signal* | | | | | הֶרֶב *\[was\] do much* | imperative · hiphil | | | | | | הַעֲלוֹת *to* | infinitive construct · hiphil | מַשְׂאַת *the rising* | | | ָם *cause to go up* | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְזִמְנָא הֲוָה מְתַקֵן לֶאֱנַשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל עִם כְּמָנָא דְיִסְגוּן לְאַסָקוּתְהוֹן יְטוּר דִתְנָן מִן קַרְתָּא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Now there was an appointed sign between the men of Israel and the liers-in-wait, that they should make a great beacon of smoke rise up out of the city. —](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.618/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JDG:582`. - ← previous: [Judges 20:37](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.20.37/) - next →: [Judges 20:39](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.20.39/) - ↑ back to [Judges 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/20/)