--- title: Judges 20:4 — And the Levite, the husband of the woman that was murdered, answered… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And the Levite, the husband of the woman that was murdered, answered and said: 'I came into Gibeah that belongeth to Benjamin, I and my concubine, to lodge. Who acts: Levite, I, Gibeah. Judges 20:4 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.20.4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Judges](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/) / [chapter 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/20/) / 20:4 # Judges 20:4 שֹׁפְטִים **Who acts:** Levite, I, Gibeah · **What happens:** murder, answer, say, come, belong, lodge · **To what, where:** woman, Gibeah, Benjamin · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Judges 20:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Levite, I, Gibeah — and what happens in the verse to woman, Gibeah, Benjamin, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 21 chapters of Judges on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיַּ֜עַן הָאִ֣ישׁ הַלֵּוִ֗י אִ֛ישׁ הָאִשָּׁ֥ה הַנִּרְצָחָ֖ה וַיֹּאמַ֑ר הַגִּבְעָ֙תָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לְבִנְיָמִ֔ן בָּ֛אתִי אֲנִ֥י וּפִֽילַגְשִׁ֖י לָלֽוּן׃ [And the Levite, the husband of the woman that was murdered, answered and said: 'I came into Gibeah that belongeth to Benjamin, I and my concubine, to lodge.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.583/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JDG:548 # text = וַיַּ֜עַן הָאִ֣ישׁ הַלֵּוִ֗י אִ֛ישׁ הָאִשָּׁ֥ה הַנִּרְצָחָ֖ה וַיֹּאמַ֑ר הַגִּבְעָ֙תָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לְבִנְיָמִ֔ן בָּ֛אתִי אֲנִ֥י וּפִֽילַגְשִׁ֖י לָלֽוּן׃ # verse = JDG.20.4 1-2 וַיַּ֜עַן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_20:4!1|MId=o070200040011|Strong=2050b 2 יַּ֜עַן עָנָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.answered|Ref=JDG_20:4!1|MId=o070200040012|Strong=6030|Frame=A0:070200040022;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 הָאִ֣ישׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 4 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JDG_20:4!2|MId=o070200040021|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 4 אִ֣ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=man|Ref=JDG_20:4!2|MId=o070200040022|Strong=0376 5-6 הַלֵּוִ֗י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 6 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JDG_20:4!3|MId=o070200040031|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 6 לֵּוִ֗י לֵוִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 appos _ Gloss=Levite|Ref=JDG_20:4!3|MId=o070200040032|Strong=3881|Type=gentilic 7 אִ֛ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 appos _ Gloss=the.husband|Ref=JDG_20:4!4|MId=o070200040041|Strong=0376 8-9 הָאִשָּׁ֥ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 9 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=JDG_20:4!5|MId=o070200040051|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 9 אִשָּׁ֥ה אִשָּׁה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 7 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.woman|Ref=JDG_20:4!5|MId=o070200040052|Strong=0802 10-11 הַנִּרְצָחָ֖ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 הַ הַ SCONJ _ _ 11 mark _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JDG_20:4!6|MId=o070200040061|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 11 נִּרְצָחָ֖ה רָצַח VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing 9 acl:relcl _ Gloss=murdered|Ref=JDG_20:4!6|MId=o070200040062|Strong=7523|Frame=A1:070200040052;|Type=participle_active 12-13 וַיֹּאמַ֑ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_20:4!7|MId=o070200040071|Strong=2050b 13 יֹּאמַ֑ר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=JDG_20:4!7|MId=o070200040072|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:070200040022;|Type=wayyiqtol 14-16 הַגִּבְעָ֙תָה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 15 det _ Gloss=to|Ref=JDG_20:4!8|MId=o070200040081|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 15 גִּבְעָ֙ת גִּבְעָה PROPN _ _ 20 obl _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JDG_20:4!8|MId=o070200040082|Strong=1390 16 ָה֙ ה X _ _ 15 nmod _ Gloss=Gibeah|Ref=JDG_20:4!8|MId=o070200040083|Strong=1886c|Type=directional_he 17 אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 19 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=JDG_20:4!9|MId=o070200040091|Strong=0834|Type=relative 18-19 לְבִנְיָמִ֔ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=[belongs].to|Ref=JDG_20:4!10|MId=o070200040101|Strong=3807a 19 בִנְיָמִ֔ן בִּנְיָמִן PROPN _ _ 15 acl:relcl _ Gloss=Benjamin|Ref=JDG_20:4!10|MId=o070200040102|Strong=1144 20 בָּ֛אתִי בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 13 ccomp _ Gloss=I.came|Ref=JDG_20:4!11|MId=o070200040111|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:070200040121;070200040132;|Type=qatal 21 אֲנִ֥י אֲנִי PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 20 nsubj _ Gloss=I|Ref=JDG_20:4!12|MId=o070200040121|Strong=0589|Type=personal 22-24 וּפִֽילַגְשִׁ֖י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 23 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_20:4!13|MId=o070200040131|Strong=2050b 23 פִֽילַגְשׁ פִּלֶגֶשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 21 conj _ Gloss=concubine|Ref=JDG_20:4!13|MId=o070200040132|Strong=6370 24 ִ֖י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 23 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=JDG_20:4!13|MId=o070200040133|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 25-26 לָלֽוּן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 לָ לְ ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JDG_20:4!14|MId=o070200040141|Strong=3807a 26 לֽוּן לין VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 20 advcl _ Gloss=spend.the.night|Ref=JDG_20:4!14|MId=o070200040142|Strong=3885a|Frame=A0:070200040022;070200040132;|Type=infinitive_construct 27 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 26 punct _ Ref=JDG_20:4!14 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יַּעַן *he answered* | wayyiqtol · qal | אִישׁ *man* | | | | | נִּרְצָחָה *murdered* | participle active · niphal | | אִשָּׁה *the woman* | | | | יֹּאמַר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | אִישׁ *man* | | | | | בָּאתִי *I came* | qatal · qal | אֲנִי *I* + פִֽילַגְשׁ *concubine* | | | | | לֽוּן *spend the night* | infinitive construct · qal | אִישׁ *man* + פִֽילַגְשׁ *concubine* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲתֵיב גַבְרָא לֵוָאָה בַּעֲלָא דְאִתְּתָא קְטִלְתָּא וַאֲמַר לְגִבְעָתָא דִי לְשִׁבְטָא בִנְיָמִין עָלִית אֲנָא וּלְחֵינָתִי לִמְבָת: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And the Levite, the husband of the woman that was murdered, answered and said: 'I came into Gibeah that belongeth to Benjamin, I and my concubine, to lodge.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.583/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JDG:548`. - ← previous: [Judges 20:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.20.3/) - next →: [Judges 20:5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.20.5/) - ↑ back to [Judges 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/20/)