--- title: Judges 20:42 — Therefore they turned their backs before the men of Israel unto the… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Therefore they turned their backs before the men of Israel unto the way of the wilderness; but the battle followed hard after them; and they that came out of the city destroyed them in the midst of the men of Israel. Who acts: Benjamites, battle. Judges 20:42 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targ --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.20.42/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Judges](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/) / [chapter 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/20/) / 20:42 # Judges 20:42 שֹׁפְטִים **Who acts:** Benjamites, battle · **What happens:** turn, follow, come out, destroy · **To what, where:** backs, city, midst This is Judges 20:42 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Benjamites, battle — and what happens in the verse to backs, city, midst, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 21 chapters of Judges on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיִּפְנ֞וּ לִפְנֵ֨י אִ֤ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אֶל־דֶּ֣רֶךְ הַמִּדְבָּ֔ר וְהַמִּלְחָמָ֖ה הִדְבִּיקָ֑תְהוּ וַאֲשֶׁר֙ מֵהֶ֣עָרִ֔ים מַשְׁחִיתִ֥ים אוֹת֖וֹ בְּתוֹכֽוֹ׃ [Therefore they turned their backs before the men of Israel unto the way of the wilderness; but the battle followed hard after them; and they that came out of the city destroyed them in the midst of the men of Israel.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.622/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JDG:586 # text = וַיִּפְנ֞וּ לִפְנֵ֨י אִ֤ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אֶל־דֶּ֣רֶךְ הַמִּדְבָּ֔ר וְהַמִּלְחָמָ֖ה הִדְבִּיקָ֑תְהוּ וַאֲשֶׁר֙ מֵהֶ֣עָרִ֔ים מַשְׁחִיתִ֥ים אוֹת֖וֹ בְּתוֹכֽוֹ׃ # verse = JDG.20.42 1-2 וַיִּפְנ֞וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_20:42!1|MId=o070200420011|Strong=2050b 2 יִּפְנ֞וּ פָּנָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.turned|Ref=JDG_20:42!1|MId=o070200420012|Strong=6437|Frame=A0:070200410051;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 לִפְנֵ֨י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=before|Ref=JDG_20:42!2|MId=o070200420021|Strong=3807a 4 פְנֵ֨י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 2 obl _ Gloss=|Ref=JDG_20:42!2|MId=o070200420022|Strong=6440 5 אִ֤ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.man|Ref=JDG_20:42!3|MId=o070200420031|Strong=0376 6 יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 5 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Israel|Ref=JDG_20:42!4|MId=o070200420041|Strong=3478 7 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JDG_20:42!5|MId=o070200420051|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 8 דֶּ֣רֶךְ דֶּרֶךְ NOUN _ Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=the.way|Ref=JDG_20:42!6|MId=o070200420061|Strong=1870 9-10 הַמִּדְבָּ֔ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 10 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=JDG_20:42!7|MId=o070200420071|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 10 מִּדְבָּ֔ר מִדְבָּר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.wilderness|Ref=JDG_20:42!7|MId=o070200420072|Strong=4057 11-13 וְהַמִּלְחָמָ֖ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_20:42!8|MId=o070200420081|Strong=2050b 12 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 13 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JDG_20:42!8|MId=o070200420082|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 13 מִּלְחָמָ֖ה מִלְחָמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 14 nsubj _ Gloss=battle|Ref=JDG_20:42!8|MId=o070200420083|Strong=4421 14-15 הִדְבִּיקָ֑תְהוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 הִדְבִּיקָ֑ת דָּבַק VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=it|Ref=JDG_20:42!9|MId=o070200420091|Strong=1692|Frame=AA:070200420083;A0:070200420092;|Type=qatal 15 ְהוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 14 obj _ Gloss=overtook.him|Ref=JDG_20:42!9|MId=o070200420092|Strong=1930a|Type=pronominal 16-17 וַאֲשֶׁר֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 21 cc _ Gloss=and.[those]|Ref=JDG_20:42!10|MId=o070200420101|Strong=2050b 17 אֲשֶׁר֙ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 20 mark _ Gloss=who|Ref=JDG_20:42!10|MId=o070200420102|Strong=0834|Type=relative 18-20 מֵהֶ֣עָרִ֔ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=[were].from|Ref=JDG_20:42!11|MId=o070200420111|Strong=4480 19 הֶ֣ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 20 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JDG_20:42!11|MId=o070200420112|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 20 עָרִ֔ים עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 21 nsubj _ Gloss=cities|Ref=JDG_20:42!11|MId=o070200420113|Strong=5892 21 מַשְׁחִיתִ֥ים שָׁחַת VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur 2 conj _ Gloss=[were].destroying|Ref=JDG_20:42!12|MId=o070200420121|Strong=7843|Frame=AA:070200420113;A0:070200420132;|Type=participle_active 22-23 אוֹת֖וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 אוֹת אֵת ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=|Ref=JDG_20:42!13|MId=o070200420131|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 23 ֖וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 21 obj _ Gloss=him|Ref=JDG_20:42!13|MId=o070200420132|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 24-26 בְּתוֹכֽוֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=JDG_20:42!14|MId=o070200420141|Strong=0871a 25 תוֹכ תָּוֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 21 obl _ Gloss=the.midst|Ref=JDG_20:42!14|MId=o070200420142|Strong=8432 26 ֽוֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 nmod:poss _ Gloss=of.him|Ref=JDG_20:42!14|MId=o070200420143|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 27 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 26 punct _ Ref=JDG_20:42!14 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִּפְנוּ *they turned* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | הִדְבִּיקָת *it* | qatal · hiphil | ְהוּ *overtook him* | | | מִּלְחָמָה *battle* | | מַשְׁחִיתִים *\[were\] destroying* | participle active · hiphil | וֹ *him* | | | עָרִים *cities* | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְאִתְפְּנִיאוּ קֳדָם אֱנָשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל לְאוֹרַח מַדְבְּרָא וְעָבְדֵי קְרָבָא אַדְבִּיקוּנוּן וֶאֱנָשׁ כְּמָנָא קָמוּ מִקִרְוֵיהוֹן קָטְלִין בְּהוֹן מִכָּא וּמִכָּא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Therefore they turned their backs before the men of Israel unto the way of the wilderness; but the battle followed hard after them; and they that came out of the city destroyed them in the midst of the men of Israel.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.622/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JDG:586`. - ← previous: [Judges 20:41](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.20.41/) - next →: [Judges 20:43](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.20.43/) - ↑ back to [Judges 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/20/)