--- title: Judges 20:48 — And the men of Israel turned back upon the children of Benjamin, and… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And the men of Israel turned back upon the children of Benjamin, and smote them with the edge of the sword, both the entire city, and the cattle, and all that they found; moreover all the cities which they found they set on fire. Who acts: men, children. Judges 20:48 in Hebrew with its dependency tr --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.20.48/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Judges](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/) / [chapter 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/20/) / 20:48 # Judges 20:48 שֹׁפְטִים **Who acts:** men, children · **What happens:** turn back, smote, find, set · **To what, where:** children, cities, fire This is Judges 20:48 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — men, children — and what happens in the verse to children, cities, fire, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 21 chapters of Judges on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְאִ֨ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל שָׁ֣בוּ אֶל־בְּנֵ֤י בִנְיָמִן֙ וַיַּכּ֣וּם לְפִי־חֶ֔רֶב מֵעִ֤יר מְתֹם֙ עַד־בְּהֵמָ֔ה עַ֖ד כָּל־הַנִּמְצָ֑א גַּ֛ם כָּל־הֶעָרִ֥ים הַנִּמְצָא֖וֹת שִׁלְּח֥וּ בָאֵֽשׁ׃פ [And the men of Israel turned back upon the children of Benjamin, and smote them with the edge of the sword, both the entire city, and the cattle, and all that they found; moreover all the cities which they found they set on fire.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.628/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JDG:592 # text = וְאִ֨ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל שָׁ֣בוּ אֶל־בְּנֵ֤י בִנְיָמִן֙ וַיַּכּ֣וּם לְפִי־חֶ֔רֶב מֵעִ֤יר מְתֹם֙ עַד־בְּהֵמָ֔ה עַ֖ד כָּל־הַנִּמְצָ֑א גַּ֛ם כָּל־הֶעָרִ֥ים הַנִּמְצָא֖וֹת שִׁלְּח֥וּ בָאֵֽשׁ׃פ # verse = JDG.20.48 1-2 וְאִ֨ישׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 4 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_20:48!1|MId=o070200480011|Strong=2050b 2 אִ֨ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ Gloss=the.man|Ref=JDG_20:48!1|MId=o070200480012|Strong=0376 3 יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 2 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Israel|Ref=JDG_20:48!2|MId=o070200480021|Strong=3478 4 שָׁ֣בוּ שׁוּב VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.turned.back|Ref=JDG_20:48!3|MId=o070200480031|Strong=7725|Frame=A0:070200480012;|Type=qatal 5 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=against|Ref=JDG_20:48!4|MId=o070200480041|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 6 בְּנֵ֤י בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 4 obl _ Gloss=the.descendants|Ref=JDG_20:48!5|MId=o070200480051|Strong=1121 7 בִנְיָמִן֙ בִּנְיָמִן PROPN _ _ 6 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Benjamin|Ref=JDG_20:48!6|MId=o070200480061|Strong=1144 8-10 וַיַּכּ֣וּם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_20:48!7|MId=o070200480071|Strong=2050b 9 יַּכּ֣וּ נָכָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=3 4 conj _ Gloss=they|Ref=JDG_20:48!7|MId=o070200480072|Strong=5221|Frame=AA:070200480012;A0:070200480073;|Type=wayyiqtol 10 ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 9 obj _ Gloss=struck.them.down|Ref=JDG_20:48!7|MId=o070200480073|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 11-12 לְפִי־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=to.[the]|Ref=JDG_20:48!8|MId=o070200480081|Strong=3807a 12 פִי־ פֶּה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 obl _ Gloss=mouth|Ref=JDG_20:48!8|MId=o070200480082|Strong=6310 13 חֶ֔רֶב חֶרֶב NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 12 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.[the].sword|Ref=JDG_20:48!9|MId=o070200480091|Strong=2719 14-15 מֵעִ֤יר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=JDG_20:48!10|MId=o070200480101|Strong=4480 15 עִ֤יר עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 9 obl _ Gloss=a.city|Ref=JDG_20:48!10|MId=o070200480102|Strong=5892 16 מְתֹם֙ מְתֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 15 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.soundness|Ref=JDG_20:48!11|MId=o070200480111|Strong=4974 17 עַד־ עַד ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=unto|Ref=JDG_20:48!12|MId=o070200480121|Strong=5704|SpaceAfter=No 18 בְּהֵמָ֔ה בְּהֵמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 15 conj _ Gloss=animal|Ref=JDG_20:48!13|MId=o070200480131|Strong=0929 19 עַ֖ד עַד ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=unto|Ref=JDG_20:48!14|MId=o070200480141|Strong=5704 20 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 conj _ Gloss=every|Ref=JDG_20:48!15|MId=o070200480151|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 21-22 הַנִּמְצָ֑א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 22 det _ Gloss=(the).[thing|Ref=JDG_20:48!16|MId=o070200480161|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 22 נִּמְצָ֑א מָצָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing 20 compound:smixut _ Gloss=which.was].found|Ref=JDG_20:48!16|MId=o070200480162|Strong=4672|Type=participle_active 23 גַּ֛ם גַּם ADV _ _ 24 advmod _ Gloss=also|Ref=JDG_20:48!17|MId=o070200480171|Strong=1571|Type=affirmation 24 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 29 obj _ Gloss=all|Ref=JDG_20:48!18|MId=o070200480181|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 25-26 הֶעָרִ֥ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 הֶ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 26 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JDG_20:48!19|MId=o070200480191|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 26 עָרִ֥ים עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 24 compound:smixut _ Gloss=cities|Ref=JDG_20:48!19|MId=o070200480192|Strong=5892 27-28 הַנִּמְצָא֖וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 הַ הַ SCONJ _ _ 28 mark _ Gloss=[which|Ref=JDG_20:48!20|MId=o070200480201|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 28 נִּמְצָא֖וֹת מָצָא VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur 24 acl:relcl _ Gloss=were].found|Ref=JDG_20:48!20|MId=o070200480202|Strong=4672|Frame=A1:070200480192;|Type=participle_active 29 שִׁלְּח֥וּ שָׁלַח VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Plur|Person=3 4 parataxis _ Gloss=they.sent|Ref=JDG_20:48!21|MId=o070200480211|Strong=7971|Frame=A0:070200480012;A1:070200480192;|Type=qatal 30-32 בָאֵֽשׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 בָ בְּ ADP _ _ 32 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=JDG_20:48!22|MId=o070200480221|Strong=0871a 31 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 32 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JDG_20:48!22|MId=o070200480221ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 32 אֵֽשׁ אֵשׁ NOUN _ Number=Sing 29 obl _ Gloss=fire|Ref=JDG_20:48!22|MId=o070200480222|Strong=0784 33 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 32 punct _ Ref=JDG_20:48!22|SpaceAfter=No 34 פ פ PUNCT _ _ 32 punct _ Ref=JDG_20:48!22 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | שָׁבוּ *they turned back* | qatal · qal | אִישׁ *the man* | | | | | יַּכּוּ *they* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | ם *struck them down* | | | אִישׁ *the man* | | נִּמְצָאוֹת *were\] found* | participle active · niphal | | עָרִים *cities* | | | | שִׁלְּחוּ *they sent* | qatal · piel | אִישׁ *the man* | עָרִים *cities* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וֶאֱנַשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל תָּבוּ לְוַת בְּנֵי בִנְיָמִין וּמְחוֹנוּן לְפִּתְגַם דְחָרֶב מִקִרְוֵיהוֹן גַמְרִינוּן עַד בְּעִירָא עַד כָּל דְאִשְׁתְּכַח אַף כָּל קִרְוַיָא דְאִשְׁתַּכָּחָא אוֹקִידוּ בְּנוּרָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And the men of Israel turned back upon the children of Benjamin, and smote them with the edge of the sword, both the entire city, and the cattle, and all that they found; moreover all the cities which they found they set on fire.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.628/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JDG:592`. - ← previous: [Judges 20:47](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.20.47/) - next →: [Judges 21:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.21.1/) - ↑ back to [Judges 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/20/)