--- title: Judges 3:10 — And the spirit of the LORD came upon him, and he judged Israel; and… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And the spirit of the LORD came upon him, and he judged Israel; and he went out to war, and the LORD delivered Cushan-rishathaim king of Aram into his hand; and his hand prevailed against Cushan-rishathaim. Who acts: spirit, LORD, hand. Judges 3:10 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.3.10/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Judges](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/) / [chapter 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/3/) / 3:10 # Judges 3:10 שֹׁפְטִים **Who acts:** spirit, LORD, hand · **What happens:** come, judge, go out, deliver, prevail · **To what, where:** Israel, Cushan king, hand, Cushan rishathaim This is Judges 3:10 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — spirit, LORD, hand — and what happens in the verse to Israel, Cushan king, hand, Cushan rishathaim, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 21 chapters of Judges on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַתְּהִ֨י עָלָ֥יו רֽוּחַ־יְהוָה֮ וַיִּשְׁפֹּ֣ט אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ וַיֵּצֵא֙ לַמִּלְחָמָ֔ה וַיִּתֵּ֤ן יְהוָה֙ בְּיָד֔וֹ אֶת־כּוּשַׁ֥נ רִשְׁעָתַ֖יִם כּוּשַׁ֥נ רִשְׁעָתַ֖יִם מֶ֣לֶךְ אֲרָ֑ם וַתָּ֣עָז יָד֔וֹ עַ֖ל כּוּשַׁ֥נ רִשְׁעָתָֽיִם כּוּשַׁ֥נ רִשְׁעָתָֽיִם׃ [And the spirit of the LORD came upon him, and he judged Israel; and he went out to war, and the LORD delivered Cushan-rishathaim king of Aram into his hand; and his hand prevailed against Cushan-rishathaim.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.70/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JDG:68 # text = וַתְּהִ֨י עָלָ֥יו רֽוּחַ־יְהוָה֮ וַיִּשְׁפֹּ֣ט אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ וַיֵּצֵא֙ לַמִּלְחָמָ֔ה וַיִּתֵּ֤ן יְהוָה֙ בְּיָד֔וֹ אֶת־כּוּשַׁ֥נ רִשְׁעָתַ֖יִם כּוּשַׁ֥נ רִשְׁעָתַ֖יִם מֶ֣לֶךְ אֲרָ֑ם וַתָּ֣עָז יָד֔וֹ עַ֖ל כּוּשַׁ֥נ רִשְׁעָתָֽיִם כּוּשַׁ֥נ רִשְׁעָתָֽיִם׃ # verse = JDG.3.10 1-2 וַתְּהִ֨י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_3:10!1|MId=o070030100011|Strong=2050b 2 תְּהִ֨י הָיָה VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.was|Ref=JDG_3:10!1|MId=o070030100012|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:070030100031;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 עָלָ֥יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 עָלָ֥י עַל ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=JDG_3:10!2|MId=o070030100021|Strong=5921 4 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=JDG_3:10!2|MId=o070030100022|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 5 רֽוּחַ־ רוּחַ NOUN _ Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=the.spirit|Ref=JDG_3:10!3|MId=o070030100031|Strong=7307|SpaceAfter=No 6 יְהוָה֮ יהוה PROPN _ _ 5 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Yahweh|Ref=JDG_3:10!4|MId=o070030100041|Strong=3068 7-8 וַיִּשְׁפֹּ֣ט _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_3:10!5|MId=o070030100051|Strong=2050b 8 יִּשְׁפֹּ֣ט שָׁפַט VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.judged|Ref=JDG_3:10!5|MId=o070030100052|Strong=8199|Frame=A0:070030090131;A1:070030100071;|Type=wayyiqtol 9 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JDG_3:10!6|MId=o070030100061|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 10 יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 8 obj _ Gloss=Israel|Ref=JDG_3:10!7|MId=o070030100071|Strong=3478 11-12 וַיֵּצֵא֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_3:10!8|MId=o070030100081|Strong=2050b 12 יֵּצֵא֙ יָצָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.went.out|Ref=JDG_3:10!8|MId=o070030100082|Strong=3318|Frame=A0:070030090131;|Type=wayyiqtol 13-15 לַמִּלְחָמָ֔ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JDG_3:10!9|MId=o070030100091|Strong=3807a 14 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 15 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JDG_3:10!9|MId=o070030100091ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 15 מִּלְחָמָ֔ה מִלְחָמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 12 obl _ Gloss=war|Ref=JDG_3:10!9|MId=o070030100092|Strong=4421 16-17 וַיִּתֵּ֤ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 17 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_3:10!10|MId=o070030100101|Strong=2050b 17 יִּתֵּ֤ן נָתַן VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.gave|Ref=JDG_3:10!10|MId=o070030100102|Strong=5414|Frame=A0:070030100111;A1:070030100141;|Type=wayyiqtol 18 יְהוָה֙ יהוה PROPN _ _ 17 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=JDG_3:10!11|MId=o070030100111|Strong=3068 19-21 בְּיָד֔וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=JDG_3:10!12|MId=o070030100121|Strong=0871a 20 יָד יָד NOUN _ Number=Sing 17 obl _ Gloss=hand|Ref=JDG_3:10!12|MId=o070030100122|Strong=3027 21 ֔וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=JDG_3:10!12|MId=o070030100123|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 22 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JDG_3:10!13|MId=o070030100131|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 23 כּוּשַׁ֥נ כּוּשַׁן PROPN _ _ 17 obj _ Gloss=Cushan-Rishathaim|Ref=JDG_3:10!14|MId=o070030100141 24 רִשְׁעָתַ֖יִם רִשְׁעָתַיִם PROPN _ _ 23 flat:name _ Ref=JDG_3:10!14 25 כּוּשַׁ֥נ כּוּשַׁן PROPN _ _ 23 appos _ Gloss=Cushan-Rishathaim|Ref=JDG_3:10!15|MId=o070030100151 26 רִשְׁעָתַ֖יִם רִשְׁעָתַיִם PROPN _ _ 25 flat:name _ Ref=JDG_3:10!15 27 מֶ֣לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 23 appos _ Gloss=the.king|Ref=JDG_3:10!16|MId=o070030100161|Strong=4428 28 אֲרָ֑ם אֲרָם PROPN _ _ 27 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Aram|Ref=JDG_3:10!17|MId=o070030100171|Strong=0758 29-30 וַתָּ֣עָז _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 30 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_3:10!18|MId=o070030100181|Strong=2050b 30 תָּ֣עָז עָזַז VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=it.prevailed|Ref=JDG_3:10!18|MId=o070030100182|Strong=5810|Frame=A0:070030100181;|Type=wayyiqtol 31-32 יָד֔וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 יָד יָד NOUN _ Number=Sing 30 nsubj _ Gloss=hand|Ref=JDG_3:10!19|MId=o070030100191|Strong=3027 32 ֔וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 31 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=JDG_3:10!19|MId=o070030100192|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 33 עַ֖ל עַל ADP _ _ 34 case _ Gloss=over|Ref=JDG_3:10!20|MId=o070030100201|Strong=5921 34 כּוּשַׁ֥נ כּוּשַׁן PROPN _ _ 30 obl _ Gloss=Cushan-Rishathaim|Ref=JDG_3:10!21|MId=o070030100211 35 רִשְׁעָתָֽיִם רִשְׁעָתַיִם PROPN _ _ 34 flat:name _ Ref=JDG_3:10!21 36 כּוּשַׁ֥נ כּוּשַׁן PROPN _ _ 34 nmod _ Gloss=Cushan-Rishathaim|Ref=JDG_3:10!22|MId=o070030100221 37 רִשְׁעָתָֽיִם רִשְׁעָתַיִם PROPN _ _ 36 flat:name _ Ref=JDG_3:10!22|SpaceAfter=No 38 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 36 punct _ Ref=JDG_3:10!22 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | תְּהִי *it was* | wayyiqtol · qal | רֽוּחַ־ *the spirit* | | | | | יִּשְׁפֹּט *he judged* | wayyiqtol · qal | | יִשְׂרָאֵל *Israel* | | | | יֵּצֵא *he went out* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | יִּתֵּן *he gave* | wayyiqtol · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | כּוּשַׁנ *Cushan-Rishathaim* | | | | תָּעָז *it prevailed* | wayyiqtol · qal | וַ *and* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּשְׁרַת עֲלוֹהִי רוּחַ נְבוּאָה מִן קֳדָם יְיָ וְדָן יַת יִשְׂרָאֵל וּנְפַק לְאַגָחָא קְרָבָא וּמְסַר יְיָ בִּידוֹהִי יַת כּוּשַׁן חַיָבָא מַלְכָּא דַאֲרָם דִי עַל פְרָת וּתְקֵפַת יְדֵיהּ עַל כּוּשַׁן חַיָבָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And the spirit of the LORD came upon him, and he judged Israel; and he went out to war, and the LORD delivered Cushan-rishathaim king of Aram into his hand; and his hand prevailed against Cushan-rishathaim.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.70/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JDG:68`. - ← previous: [Judges 3:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.3.9/) - next →: [Judges 3:11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.3.11/) - ↑ back to [Judges 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/3/)