--- title: Judges 3:20 — And Ehud came unto him; and he was sitting by himself alone in his c… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And Ehud came unto him; and he was sitting by himself alone in his cool upper chamber. And Ehud said: 'I have a message from God unto thee.' And he arose out of his seat. Who acts: Ehud, LORD, I. Judges 3:20 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every cl --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.3.20/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Judges](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/) / [chapter 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/3/) / 3:20 # Judges 3:20 שֹׁפְטִים **Who acts:** Ehud, LORD, I · **What happens:** come, sit, say, have, arise · **To what, where:** cool upper chamber, message, seat · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Judges 3:20 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Ehud, LORD, I — and what happens in the verse to cool upper chamber, message, seat, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 21 chapters of Judges on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְאֵה֣וּד ׀ בָּ֣א אֵלָ֗יו וְהֽוּא־יֹ֠שֵׁב בַּעֲלִיַּ֨ת הַמְּקֵרָ֤ה אֲשֶׁר־לוֹ֙ לְבַדּ֔וֹ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵה֔וּד דְּבַר־אֱלֹהִ֥ים לִ֖י אֵלֶ֑יךָ וַיָּ֖קָם מֵעַ֥ל הַכִּסֵּֽא׃ [And Ehud came unto him; and he was sitting by himself alone in his cool upper chamber.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.81/) [And Ehud said: 'I have a message from God unto thee.' And he arose out of his seat.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.82/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JDG:78 # text = וְאֵה֣וּד ׀ בָּ֣א אֵלָ֗יו וְהֽוּא־יֹ֠שֵׁב בַּעֲלִיַּ֨ת הַמְּקֵרָ֤ה אֲשֶׁר־לוֹ֙ לְבַדּ֔וֹ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵה֔וּד דְּבַר־אֱלֹהִ֥ים לִ֖י אֵלֶ֑יךָ וַיָּ֖קָם מֵעַ֥ל הַכִּסֵּֽא׃ # verse = JDG.3.20 1-2 וְאֵה֣וּד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 4 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_3:20!1|MId=o070030200011|Strong=2050b 2 אֵה֣וּד אֵהוּד PROPN _ _ 4 nsubj _ Gloss=Ehud|Ref=JDG_3:20!1|MId=o070030200012|Strong=0164 3 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 2 punct _ Ref=JDG_3:20!1 4 בָּ֣א בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.came|Ref=JDG_3:20!2|MId=o070030200021|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:070030200012;|Type=qatal 5-6 אֵלָ֗יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 אֵלָ֗י אֶל ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JDG_3:20!3|MId=o070030200031|Strong=0413 6 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 4 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=JDG_3:20!3|MId=o070030200032|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 7-8 וְהֽוּא־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_3:20!4|MId=o070030200041|Strong=2050b 8 הֽוּא־ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 9 nsubj _ Gloss=he|Ref=JDG_3:20!4|MId=o070030200042|Strong=1931|Type=personal 9 יֹ֠שֵׁב יָשַׁב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 4 conj _ Gloss=[was].sitting|Ref=JDG_3:20!5|MId=o070030200051|Strong=3427|Frame=A0:070030200042;|Type=participle_active 10-11 בַּעֲלִיַּ֨ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=JDG_3:20!6|MId=o070030200061|Strong=0871a 11 עֲלִיַּ֨ת עֲלִיָּה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 9 obl _ Gloss=the.roof.chamber|Ref=JDG_3:20!6|MId=o070030200062|Strong=5944 12-13 הַמְּקֵרָ֤ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 13 det _ Gloss=of.(the)|Ref=JDG_3:20!7|MId=o070030200071|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 13 מְּקֵרָ֤ה מְקֵרָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 11 compound:smixut _ Gloss=coolness|Ref=JDG_3:20!7|MId=o070030200072|Strong=4747 14 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 16 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=JDG_3:20!8|MId=o070030200081|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 15-16 לוֹ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 ל לְ ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=[belonged].to|Ref=JDG_3:20!9|MId=o070030200091|Strong=3807a 16 וֹ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 acl:relcl _ Gloss=him|Ref=JDG_3:20!9|MId=o070030200092|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 17-19 לְבַדּ֔וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=him|Ref=JDG_3:20!10|MId=o070030200101|Strong=3807a 18 בַדּ בַּד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 obl _ Gloss=|Ref=JDG_3:20!10|MId=o070030200102|Strong=0905 19 ֔וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 nmod:poss _ Gloss=alone|Ref=JDG_3:20!10|MId=o070030200103|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 20-21 וַיֹּ֣אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 21 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_3:20!11|MId=o070030200111|Strong=2050b 21 יֹּ֣אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 4 conj _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=JDG_3:20!11|MId=o070030200112|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:070030200121;|Type=wayyiqtol 22 אֵה֔וּד אֵהוּד PROPN _ _ 21 nsubj _ Gloss=Ehud|Ref=JDG_3:20!12|MId=o070030200121|Strong=0164 23 דְּבַר־ דָּבָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 26 nsubj _ Gloss=a.word|Ref=JDG_3:20!13|MId=o070030200131|Strong=1697|SpaceAfter=No 24 אֱלֹהִ֥ים אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 23 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.God|Ref=JDG_3:20!14|MId=o070030200141|Strong=0430 25-26 לִ֖י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 ל לְ ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=[belongs].to|Ref=JDG_3:20!15|MId=o070030200151|Strong=3807a 26 ִ֖י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 21 ccomp _ Gloss=me|Ref=JDG_3:20!15|MId=o070030200152|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 27-28 אֵלֶ֑יךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 אֵלֶ֑י אֶל ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JDG_3:20!16|MId=o070030200161|Strong=0413 28 ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 26 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=JDG_3:20!16|MId=o070030200162|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 29-30 וַיָּ֖קָם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 30 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_3:20!17|MId=o070030200171|Strong=2050b 30 יָּ֖קָם קוּם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 4 conj _ Gloss=he.rose|Ref=JDG_3:20!17|MId=o070030200172|Strong=6965|Frame=A0:070030170072;|Type=wayyiqtol 31-32 מֵעַ֥ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 34 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=JDG_3:20!18|MId=o070030200181|Strong=4480 32 עַ֥ל עַל ADP _ _ 34 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=JDG_3:20!18|MId=o070030200182|Strong=5921 33-34 הַכִּסֵּֽא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 34 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JDG_3:20!19|MId=o070030200191|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 34 כִּסֵּֽא כִּסֵּא NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 30 obl _ Gloss=throne|Ref=JDG_3:20!19|MId=o070030200192|Strong=3678 35 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 34 punct _ Ref=JDG_3:20!19 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · assert · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | בָּא *he came* | qatal · qal | אֵהוּד *Ehud* | | | | | יֹשֵׁב *\[was\] sitting* | participle active · qal | הֽוּא־ *he* | | | | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | אֵהוּד *Ehud* | | | | | יָּקָם *he rose* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְאֵהוּד עָאל לְוָתֵיהּ וְהוּא יָתֵיב בַּעֲלִיַת בֵּית קַיְטָא דִילֵיהּ בִּלְחוֹדוֹהִי וַאֲמַר אֵהוּד פִּתְגָמָא דַייָ לִי לְמַלָלָא עִמָךְ וְקָם מֵעַל כּוּרְסֵיהּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And Ehud came unto him; and he was sitting by himself alone in his cool upper chamber.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.81/) 2. [And Ehud said: 'I have a message from God unto thee.' And he arose out of his seat.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.82/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JDG:78`. - ← previous: [Judges 3:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.3.19/) - next →: [Judges 3:21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.3.21/) - ↑ back to [Judges 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/3/)