--- title: Judges 3:8 — Therefore the anger of the LORD was kindled against Israel, and He g… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Therefore the anger of the LORD was kindled against Israel, and He gave them over into the hand of Cushan-rishathaim king of Aram-naharaim; and the children of Israel served Cushan-rishathaim eight years. Who acts: Israel, children, LORD. Judges 3:8 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonatha --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.3.8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Judges](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/) / [chapter 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/3/) / 3:8 # Judges 3:8 שֹׁפְטִים **Who acts:** Israel, children, LORD · **What happens:** kindle, give over, serve, anger · **To what, where:** anger, children, hand, Cushan rishathaim This is Judges 3:8 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Israel, children, LORD — and what happens in the verse to anger, children, hand, Cushan rishathaim, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 21 chapters of Judges on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיִּֽחַר־אַ֤ף יְהוָה֙ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַֽיִּמְכְּרֵ֗ם בְּיַד֙ כּוּשַׁ֣נ רִשְׁעָתַ֔יִם כּוּשַׁ֣נ רִשְׁעָתַ֔יִם מֶ֖לֶךְ אֲרַ֣מ נַהֲרָ֑יִם אֲרַ֣מ נַהֲרָ֑יִם וַיַּעַבְד֧וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל אֶת־כּוּשַׁ֥נ רִשְׁעָתַ֖יִם כּוּשַׁ֥נ רִשְׁעָתַ֖יִם שְׁמֹנֶ֥ה שָׁנִֽים׃ [Therefore the anger of the LORD was kindled against Israel, and He gave them over into the hand of Cushan-rishathaim king of Aram-naharaim; and the children of Israel served Cushan-rishathaim eight years.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.68/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JDG:66 # text = וַיִּֽחַר־אַ֤ף יְהוָה֙ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַֽיִּמְכְּרֵ֗ם בְּיַד֙ כּוּשַׁ֣נ רִשְׁעָתַ֔יִם כּוּשַׁ֣נ רִשְׁעָתַ֔יִם מֶ֖לֶךְ אֲרַ֣מ נַהֲרָ֑יִם אֲרַ֣מ נַהֲרָ֑יִם וַיַּעַבְד֧וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל אֶת־כּוּשַׁ֥נ רִשְׁעָתַ֖יִם כּוּשַׁ֥נ רִשְׁעָתַ֖יִם שְׁמֹנֶ֥ה שָׁנִֽים׃ # verse = JDG.3.8 1-2 וַיִּֽחַר־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_3:8!1|MId=o070030080011|Strong=2050b 2 יִּֽחַר־ חָרָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.burned|Ref=JDG_3:8!1|MId=o070030080012|Strong=2734|Frame=A0:070030080021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 אַ֤ף אַף NOUN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=the.anger|Ref=JDG_3:8!2|MId=o070030080021|Strong=0639|Type=affirmation 4 יְהוָה֙ יהוה PROPN _ _ 3 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Yahweh|Ref=JDG_3:8!3|MId=o070030080031|Strong=3068 5-6 בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=JDG_3:8!4|MId=o070030080041|Strong=0871a 6 יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 2 obl _ Gloss=Israel|Ref=JDG_3:8!4|MId=o070030080042|Strong=3478 7-9 וַֽיִּמְכְּרֵ֗ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וַֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_3:8!5|MId=o070030080051|Strong=2050b 8 יִּמְכְּר מָכַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he|Ref=JDG_3:8!5|MId=o070030080052|Strong=4376|Frame=A0:070030080031;A1:070030080053;|Type=wayyiqtol 9 ֵ֗ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 8 obj _ Gloss=sold.them|Ref=JDG_3:8!5|MId=o070030080053|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 10-11 בְּיַד֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=JDG_3:8!6|MId=o070030080061|Strong=0871a 11 יַד֙ יָד NOUN _ Number=Sing 8 obl _ Gloss=the.hand|Ref=JDG_3:8!6|MId=o070030080062|Strong=3027 12 כּוּשַׁ֣נ כּוּשַׁן PROPN _ _ 11 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of|Ref=JDG_3:8!7|MId=o070030080071 13 רִשְׁעָתַ֔יִם רִשְׁעָתַיִם PROPN _ _ 12 flat:name _ Ref=JDG_3:8!7 14 כּוּשַׁ֣נ כּוּשַׁן PROPN _ _ 12 appos _ Gloss=Cushan-Rishathaim|Ref=JDG_3:8!8|MId=o070030080081 15 רִשְׁעָתַ֔יִם רִשְׁעָתַיִם PROPN _ _ 14 flat:name _ Ref=JDG_3:8!8 16 מֶ֖לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 appos _ Gloss=the.king|Ref=JDG_3:8!9|MId=o070030080091|Strong=4428 17 אֲרַ֣מ אֲרַם PROPN _ _ 16 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of|Ref=JDG_3:8!10|MId=o070030080101 18 נַהֲרָ֑יִם נַהֲרַיִם PROPN _ _ 17 flat:name _ Ref=JDG_3:8!10 19 אֲרַ֣מ אֲרַם PROPN _ _ 16 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Aram.Naharaim|Ref=JDG_3:8!11|MId=o070030080111 20 נַהֲרָ֑יִם נַהֲרַיִם PROPN _ _ 19 flat:name _ Ref=JDG_3:8!11 21-22 וַיַּעַבְד֧וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 22 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_3:8!12|MId=o070030080121|Strong=2050b 22 יַּעַבְד֧וּ עָבַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.served|Ref=JDG_3:8!12|MId=o070030080122|Strong=5647|Frame=A0:070030080111;A1:070030080141;|Type=wayyiqtol 23 בְנֵֽי־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 22 nsubj _ Gloss=the.people|Ref=JDG_3:8!13|MId=o070030080131|Strong=1121|SpaceAfter=No 24 יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 23 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Israel|Ref=JDG_3:8!14|MId=o070030080141|Strong=3478 25 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JDG_3:8!15|MId=o070030080151|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 26 כּוּשַׁ֥נ כּוּשַׁן PROPN _ _ 22 obj _ Gloss=Cushan-Rishathaim|Ref=JDG_3:8!16|MId=o070030080161 27 רִשְׁעָתַ֖יִם רִשְׁעָתַיִם PROPN _ _ 26 flat:name _ Ref=JDG_3:8!16 28 כּוּשַׁ֥נ כּוּשַׁן PROPN _ _ 26 nmod _ Gloss=Cushan-Rishathaim|Ref=JDG_3:8!17|MId=o070030080171 29 רִשְׁעָתַ֖יִם רִשְׁעָתַיִם PROPN _ _ 28 flat:name _ Ref=JDG_3:8!17 30 שְׁמֹנֶ֥ה שְׁמֹנֶה NUM _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 31 nummod _ Gloss=eight|Ref=JDG_3:8!18|MId=o070030080181|Strong=8083|Type=cardinal_number 31 שָׁנִֽים שָׁנָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 22 obl _ Gloss=years|Ref=JDG_3:8!19|MId=o070030080191|Strong=8141|SpaceAfter=No 32 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 31 punct _ Ref=JDG_3:8!19 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִּֽחַר־ *it burned* | wayyiqtol · qal | אַף *the anger* | | | | | יִּמְכְּר *he* | wayyiqtol · qal | יְהוָה *of Yahweh* | ֵם *sold them* | | | | יַּעַבְדוּ *they served* | wayyiqtol · qal | אֲרַמ *Aram Naharaim* | יִשְׂרָאֵל *of Israel* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּתְקֵיף רוּגְזָא דַייָ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל וּמַסְרִינוּן בְּיַד כּוּשַׁן חַיָבָא מַלְכָּא דַאֲרָם דִי עַל פְּרָת וּפְלַחוּ בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל יַת כּוּשַׁן חַיָבָא תְּמָנֵי שְׁנִין: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Therefore the anger of the LORD was kindled against Israel, and He gave them over into the hand of Cushan-rishathaim king of Aram-naharaim; and the children of Israel served Cushan-rishathaim eight years.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.68/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JDG:66`. - ← previous: [Judges 3:7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.3.7/) - next →: [Judges 3:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.3.9/) - ↑ back to [Judges 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/3/)