--- title: Judges 4:18 — And Jael went out to meet Sisera, and said unto him: 'Turn in, my lo… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And Jael went out to meet Sisera, and said unto him: 'Turn in, my lord, turn in to me; fear not.' And he turned in unto her into the tent, and she covered him with a rug. Who acts: Jael, Sisera. Judges 4:18 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every cla --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.4.18/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Judges](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/) / [chapter 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/4/) / 4:18 # Judges 4:18 שֹׁפְטִים **Who acts:** Jael, Sisera · **What happens:** go out, meet, say, turn in, not fear, cover · **To what, where:** Sisera, me, tent · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Judges 4:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Jael, Sisera — and what happens in the verse to Sisera, me, tent, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 21 chapters of Judges on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַתֵּצֵ֣א יָעֵל֮ לִקְרַ֣את סִֽיסְרָא֒ וַתֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלָ֗יו סוּרָ֧ה אֲדֹנִ֛י סוּרָ֥ה אֵלַ֖י אַל־תִּירָ֑א וַיָּ֤סַר אֵלֶ֙יהָ֙ הָאֹ֔הֱלָה וַתְּכַסֵּ֖הוּ בַּשְּׂמִיכָֽה׃ [And Jael went out to meet Sisera, and said unto him: 'Turn in, my lord, turn in to me; fear not.' And he turned in unto her into the tent, and she covered him with a rug.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.112/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JDG:107 # text = וַתֵּצֵ֣א יָעֵל֮ לִקְרַ֣את סִֽיסְרָא֒ וַתֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלָ֗יו סוּרָ֧ה אֲדֹנִ֛י סוּרָ֥ה אֵלַ֖י אַל־תִּירָ֑א וַיָּ֤סַר אֵלֶ֙יהָ֙ הָאֹ֔הֱלָה וַתְּכַסֵּ֖הוּ בַּשְּׂמִיכָֽה׃ # verse = JDG.4.18 1-2 וַתֵּצֵ֣א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_4:18!1|MId=o070040180011|Strong=2050b 2 תֵּצֵ֣א יָצָא VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=she.went.out|Ref=JDG_4:18!1|MId=o070040180012|Strong=3318|Frame=A0:070040180021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 יָעֵל֮ יָעֵל PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Jael|Ref=JDG_4:18!2|MId=o070040180021|Strong=3278 4-5 לִקְרַ֣את _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JDG_4:18!3|MId=o070040180031|Strong=3807a 5 קְרַ֣את קרא VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 2 advcl _ Gloss=meet|Ref=JDG_4:18!3|MId=o070040180032|Strong=7122|Frame=A0:070040180021;A1:070040180041;|Type=infinitive_construct 6 סִֽיסְרָא֒ סִיסְרָא PROPN _ _ 5 obj _ Gloss=Sisera|Ref=JDG_4:18!4|MId=o070040180041|Strong=5516 7-8 וַתֹּ֣אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_4:18!5|MId=o070040180051|Strong=2050b 8 תֹּ֣אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=she.said|Ref=JDG_4:18!5|MId=o070040180052|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:070040180021;|Type=wayyiqtol 9-10 אֵלָ֗יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 אֵלָ֗י אֶל ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JDG_4:18!6|MId=o070040180061|Strong=0413 10 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 8 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=JDG_4:18!6|MId=o070040180062|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 11-12 סוּרָ֧ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 סוּר סוּר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 8 ccomp _ Gloss=turn|Ref=JDG_4:18!7|MId=o070040180071|Strong=5493|Frame=A0:070040180081;|Type=imperative 12 ָ֧ה ה X _ _ 11 nmod _ Gloss=aside|Ref=JDG_4:18!7|MId=o070040180072|Strong=1886j|Type=paragogic_he 13-14 אֲדֹנִ֛י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 אֲדֹנ אָדוֹן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 parataxis _ Gloss=my.lord|Ref=JDG_4:18!8|MId=o070040180081|Strong=0113 14 ִ֛י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 13 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=JDG_4:18!8|MId=o070040180082|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 15-16 סוּרָ֥ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 סוּר סוּר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 11 parataxis _ Gloss=turn|Ref=JDG_4:18!9|MId=o070040180091|Strong=5493|Frame=A0:070040180081;|Type=imperative 16 ָ֥ה ה X _ _ 15 nmod _ Gloss=aside|Ref=JDG_4:18!9|MId=o070040180092|Strong=1886j|Type=paragogic_he 17-18 אֵלַ֖י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 אֵל אֶל ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JDG_4:18!10|MId=o070040180101|Strong=0413 18 ַ֖י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 15 obl _ Gloss=me|Ref=JDG_4:18!10|MId=o070040180102|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 19 אַל־ אַל ADV _ _ 20 advmod _ Gloss=do.not|Ref=JDG_4:18!11|MId=o070040180111|Strong=0408|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 20 תִּירָ֑א יָרֵא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 11 parataxis _ Gloss=be.afraid|Ref=JDG_4:18!12|MId=o070040180121|Strong=3372|Frame=A0:070040180081;|Type=jussive 21-22 וַיָּ֤סַר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 22 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_4:18!13|MId=o070040180131|Strong=2050b 22 יָּ֤סַר סוּר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.turned.aside|Ref=JDG_4:18!13|MId=o070040180132|Strong=5493|Frame=A0:070040180041;|Type=wayyiqtol 23-24 אֵלֶ֙יהָ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 אֵלֶ֙י אֶל ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JDG_4:18!14|MId=o070040180141|Strong=0413 24 הָ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 obl _ Gloss=her|Ref=JDG_4:18!14|MId=o070040180142|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 25-27 הָאֹ֔הֱלָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 26 det _ Gloss=to|Ref=JDG_4:18!15|MId=o070040180151|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 26 אֹ֔הֱל אֹהֶל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 22 obl _ Gloss=the|Ref=JDG_4:18!15|MId=o070040180152|Strong=0168 27 ָה ה X _ _ 26 nmod _ Gloss=tent|Ref=JDG_4:18!15|MId=o070040180153|Strong=1886c|Type=directional_he 28-30 וַתְּכַסֵּ֖הוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 29 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_4:18!16|MId=o070040180161|Strong=2050b 29 תְּכַסּ כָּסָה VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=she|Ref=JDG_4:18!16|MId=o070040180162|Strong=3680|Frame=A0:070040180021;A1:070040180163;|Type=wayyiqtol 30 ֵ֖הוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 29 obj _ Gloss=covered.him|Ref=JDG_4:18!16|MId=o070040180163|Strong=1930a|Type=pronominal 31-33 בַּשְּׂמִיכָֽה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 33 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=JDG_4:18!17|MId=o070040180171|Strong=0871a 32 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 33 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JDG_4:18!17|MId=o070040180171ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 33 שְּׂמִיכָֽה שְׂמִיכָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 29 obl _ Gloss=covering|Ref=JDG_4:18!17|MId=o070040180172|Strong=8063 34 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 33 punct _ Ref=JDG_4:18!17 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | תֵּצֵא *she went out* | wayyiqtol · qal | יָעֵל *Jael* | | | | | קְרַאת *meet* | infinitive construct · qal | יָעֵל *Jael* | סִֽיסְרָא *Sisera* | | | | תֹּאמֶר *she said* | wayyiqtol · qal | יָעֵל *Jael* | | | | | סוּר *turn* | imperative · qal | אֲדֹנ *my lord* | | | | | סוּר *turn* | imperative · qal | אֲדֹנ *my lord* | | | | | **not** תִּירָא *be afraid* | jussive · qal | אֲדֹנ *my lord* | | | | | יָּסַר *he turned aside* | wayyiqtol · qal | סִֽיסְרָא *Sisera* | | | | | תְּכַסּ *she* | wayyiqtol · piel | יָעֵל *Jael* | ֵהוּ *covered him* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְנַפְקַת יָעֵל לִקְדָמוּת סִיסְרָא וַאֲמַרַת לֵיהּ זוּר רִבּוֹנִי זוּר לְוָתִי לָא תִדְחַל וְזַר לְוָתָהּ לְמַשְׁכְּנָא וְכַסִיתֵיהּ בְּגוּנְכָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And Jael went out to meet Sisera, and said unto him: 'Turn in, my lord, turn in to me; fear not.' And he turned in unto her into the tent, and she covered him with a rug.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.112/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JDG:107`. - ← previous: [Judges 4:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.4.17/) - next →: [Judges 4:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.4.19/) - ↑ back to [Judges 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/4/)