--- title: Judges 5:23 — 'Curse ye Meroz', said the angel of the LORD, 'Curse ye bitterly the… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: 'Curse ye Meroz', said the angel of the LORD, 'Curse ye bitterly the inhabitants thereof, because they came not to the help of the LORD, to the help of the LORD against the mighty.' Who acts: ye, angel, inhabitants. Judges 5:23 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pr --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.5.23/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Judges](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/) / [chapter 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/5/) / 5:23 # Judges 5:23 שֹׁפְטִים **Who acts:** ye, angel, inhabitants · **What happens:** curse, say, not come, help · **To what, where:** Meroz, inhabitants, help, LORD · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Judges 5:23 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — ye, angel, inhabitants — and what happens in the verse to Meroz, inhabitants, help, LORD, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 21 chapters of Judges on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. א֣וֹרוּ מֵר֗וֹז אָמַר֙ מַלְאַ֣ךְ יְהוָ֔ה אֹ֥רוּ אָר֖וֹר יֹשְׁבֶ֑יהָ כִּ֤י לֹֽא־בָ֙אוּ֙ לְעֶזְרַ֣ת יְהוָ֔ה לְעֶזְרַ֥ת יְהוָ֖ה בַּגִּבּוֹרִֽים׃ ['Curse ye Meroz', said the angel of the LORD, 'Curse ye bitterly the inhabitants thereof, because they came not to the help of the LORD, to the help of the LORD against the mighty.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.147/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JDG:136 # text = א֣וֹרוּ מֵר֗וֹז אָמַר֙ מַלְאַ֣ךְ יְהוָ֔ה אֹ֥רוּ אָר֖וֹר יֹשְׁבֶ֑יהָ כִּ֤י לֹֽא־בָ֙אוּ֙ לְעֶזְרַ֣ת יְהוָ֔ה לְעֶזְרַ֥ת יְהוָ֖ה בַּגִּבּוֹרִֽים׃ # verse = JDG.5.23 1 א֣וֹרוּ אָרַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 0 root _ Gloss=curse|Ref=JDG_5:23!1|MId=o070050230011|Strong=0779|Frame=A0:070050150041;070050150071;A1:070050230021;|Type=imperative 2 מֵר֗וֹז מֵרוֹז PROPN _ _ 1 obj _ Gloss=Meroz|Ref=JDG_5:23!2|MId=o070050230021|Strong=4789 3 אָמַר֙ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 1 parataxis _ Gloss=he.says|Ref=JDG_5:23!3|MId=o070050230031|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:070050230041;|Type=qatal 4 מַלְאַ֣ךְ מַלְאָךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ Gloss=the.angel|Ref=JDG_5:23!4|MId=o070050230041|Strong=4397 5 יְהוָ֔ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 4 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Yahweh|Ref=JDG_5:23!5|MId=o070050230051|Strong=3068 6 אֹ֥רוּ אָרַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 3 ccomp _ Gloss=curse|Ref=JDG_5:23!6|MId=o070050230061|Strong=0779|Frame=A0:070050150041;070050150071;A1:070050230081;|Type=imperative 7 אָר֖וֹר אָרַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 6 obl:npmod _ Gloss=certainly.(curse)|Ref=JDG_5:23!7|MId=o070050230071|Strong=0779|Type=infinitive_absolute 8-9 יֹשְׁבֶ֑יהָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 יֹשְׁבֶ֑י יָשַׁב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 6 obj _ Gloss=inhabitants|Ref=JDG_5:23!8|MId=o070050230081|Strong=3427|Type=participle_active 9 הָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 8 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=JDG_5:23!8|MId=o070050230082|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 10 כִּ֤י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 12 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=JDG_5:23!9|MId=o070050230091|Strong=3588 11 לֹֽא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 12 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=JDG_5:23!10|MId=o070050230101|Strong=3808|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 12 בָ֙אוּ֙ בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 6 advcl _ Gloss=they.came|Ref=JDG_5:23!11|MId=o070050230111|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:070050230081;|Type=qatal 13-14 לְעֶזְרַ֣ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JDG_5:23!12|MId=o070050230121|Strong=3807a 14 עֶזְרַ֣ת עֶזְרָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 12 obl _ Gloss=the.help|Ref=JDG_5:23!12|MId=o070050230122|Strong=5833 15 יְהוָ֔ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 14 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Yahweh|Ref=JDG_5:23!13|MId=o070050230131|Strong=3068 16-17 לְעֶזְרַ֥ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JDG_5:23!14|MId=o070050230141|Strong=3807a 17 עֶזְרַ֥ת עֶזְרָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 12 parataxis _ Gloss=the.help|Ref=JDG_5:23!14|MId=o070050230142|Strong=5833 18 יְהוָ֖ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 17 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Yahweh|Ref=JDG_5:23!15|MId=o070050230151|Strong=3068 19-21 בַּגִּבּוֹרִֽים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=JDG_5:23!16|MId=o070050230161|Strong=0871a 20 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 21 det _ Gloss=the.mighty|Ref=JDG_5:23!16|MId=o070050230161ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 21 גִּבּוֹרִֽים גִּבּוֹר ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 17 obl _ Gloss=[ones]|Ref=JDG_5:23!16|MId=o070050230162|Strong=1368|Type=adjective 22 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 21 punct _ Ref=JDG_5:23!16 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · assert · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | אוֹרוּ *curse* | imperative · qal | | מֵרוֹז *Meroz* | | | | אָמַר *he says* | qatal · qal | מַלְאַךְ *the angel* | | | | | אֹרוּ *curse* | imperative · qal | | יֹשְׁבֶי *inhabitants* | | | | **not** בָאוּ *they came* | qatal · qal | יֹשְׁבֶי *inhabitants* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} לוּטוּ מֵרוֹז אֲמַר בָּרָק נְבִיָא דַייָ לוּטוּ וְתַבָּרוּ יַת יַתְבָהָא אֲרֵי לָא אֲתוֹ לְסַעְדָן עַמָא דַייָ כַּד אַגִיחַ קְרָבָא בְּגִבָּרַיָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. ['Curse ye Meroz', said the angel of the LORD, 'Curse ye bitterly the inhabitants thereof, because they came not to the help of the LORD, to the help of the LORD against the mighty.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.147/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JDG:136`. - ← previous: [Judges 5:22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.5.22/) - next →: [Judges 5:24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.5.24/) - ↑ back to [Judges 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/5/)