--- title: Judges 6:2 — And the hand of Midian prevailed against Israel; and because of Midi… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And the hand of Midian prevailed against Israel; and because of Midian the children of Israel made them the dens which are in the mountains, and the caves, and the strongholds. Who acts: hand, children, dens. Judges 6:2 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.6.2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Judges](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/) / [chapter 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/6/) / 6:2 # Judges 6:2 שֹׁפְטִים **Who acts:** hand, children, dens · **What happens:** prevail, make, be · **To what, where:** Israel, dens, them, mountains This is Judges 6:2 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — hand, children, dens — and what happens in the verse to Israel, dens, them, mountains, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 21 chapters of Judges on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַתָּ֥עָז יַד־מִדְיָ֖ן עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל מִפְּנֵ֨י מִדְיָ֜ן עָשֽׂוּ לָהֶ֣ם ׀ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל אֶת־הַמִּנְהָרוֹת֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בֶּֽהָרִ֔ים וְאֶת־הַמְּעָר֖וֹת וְאֶת־הַמְּצָדֽוֹת׃ [And the hand of Midian prevailed against Israel; and because of Midian the children of Israel made them the dens which are in the mountains, and the caves, and the strongholds.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.160/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JDG:146 # text = וַתָּ֥עָז יַד־מִדְיָ֖ן עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל מִפְּנֵ֨י מִדְיָ֜ן עָשֽׂוּ לָהֶ֣ם ׀ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל אֶת־הַמִּנְהָרוֹת֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בֶּֽהָרִ֔ים וְאֶת־הַמְּעָר֖וֹת וְאֶת־הַמְּצָדֽוֹת׃ # verse = JDG.6.2 1-2 וַתָּ֥עָז _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_6:2!1|MId=o070060020011|Strong=2050b 2 תָּ֥עָז עָזַז VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.prevailed|Ref=JDG_6:2!1|MId=o070060020012|Strong=5810|Frame=A0:070060020021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 יַד־ יָד NOUN _ Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=the.hand|Ref=JDG_6:2!2|MId=o070060020021|Strong=3027|SpaceAfter=No 4 מִדְיָ֖ן מִדְיָן PROPN _ _ 3 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Midian|Ref=JDG_6:2!3|MId=o070060020031|Strong=4080 5 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=over|Ref=JDG_6:2!4|MId=o070060020041|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 6 יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 2 obl _ Gloss=Israel|Ref=JDG_6:2!5|MId=o070060020051|Strong=3478 7-8 מִפְּנֵ֨י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=because|Ref=JDG_6:2!6|MId=o070060020061|Strong=4480 8 פְּנֵ֨י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 10 obl _ Gloss=of|Ref=JDG_6:2!6|MId=o070060020062|Strong=6440 9 מִדְיָ֜ן מִדְיָן PROPN _ _ 8 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Midian|Ref=JDG_6:2!7|MId=o070060020071|Strong=4080 10 עָשֽׂוּ עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 parataxis _ Gloss=they.made|Ref=JDG_6:2!8|MId=o070060020081|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:070060020101;A1:070060020132;070060020172;070060020192;|Type=qatal 11-12 לָהֶ֣ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 ל לְ ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=JDG_6:2!9|MId=o070060020091|Strong=3807a 12 ָהֶ֣ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 10 obl _ Gloss=themselves|Ref=JDG_6:2!9|MId=o070060020092|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 13 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 12 punct _ Ref=JDG_6:2!9 14 בְּנֵ֣י בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 10 nsubj _ Gloss=the.people|Ref=JDG_6:2!10|MId=o070060020101|Strong=1121 15 יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 14 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Israel|Ref=JDG_6:2!11|MId=o070060020111|Strong=3478 16 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JDG_6:2!12|MId=o070060020121|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 17-18 הַמִּנְהָרוֹת֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 18 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JDG_6:2!13|MId=o070060020131|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 18 מִּנְהָרוֹת֙ מִנְהָרָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 10 obj _ Gloss=dens|Ref=JDG_6:2!13|MId=o070060020132|Strong=4492 19 אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 22 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=JDG_6:2!14|MId=o070060020141|Strong=0834|Type=relative 20-22 בֶּֽהָרִ֔ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 בֶּֽ בְּ ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=[are].in|Ref=JDG_6:2!15|MId=o070060020151|Strong=0871a 21 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 22 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JDG_6:2!15|MId=o070060020151ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 22 הָרִ֔ים הַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 18 acl:relcl _ Gloss=mountains|Ref=JDG_6:2!15|MId=o070060020152|Strong=2022 23-24 וְאֶת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 26 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_6:2!16|MId=o070060020161|Strong=2050b 24 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JDG_6:2!16|MId=o070060020162|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 25-26 הַמְּעָר֖וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 26 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JDG_6:2!17|MId=o070060020171|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 26 מְּעָר֖וֹת מְעָרָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 18 conj _ Gloss=caves|Ref=JDG_6:2!17|MId=o070060020172|Strong=4631 27-28 וְאֶת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 30 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_6:2!18|MId=o070060020181|Strong=2050b 28 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 30 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JDG_6:2!18|MId=o070060020182|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 29-30 הַמְּצָדֽוֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 30 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JDG_6:2!19|MId=o070060020191|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 30 מְּצָדֽוֹת מְצָד NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 18 conj _ Gloss=strongholds|Ref=JDG_6:2!19|MId=o070060020192|Strong=4679 31 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 30 punct _ Ref=JDG_6:2!19 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | תָּעָז *it prevailed* | wayyiqtol · qal | יַד־ *the hand* | | | | | עָשֽׂוּ *they made* | qatal · qal | בְּנֵי *the people* | מִּנְהָרוֹת *dens* + מְּעָרוֹת *caves* + מְּצָדֽוֹת *strongholds* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּתְקֵיפַת יַד מִדְיָנָאֵי עַל יִשְׂרָאל מִן קֳדָם מִדְיָנָאֵי עֲבָדוּ לְהוֹן בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל יַת מַטְמוֹרִיתָא דִבְטוּרַיָא וְיַת מְעָרָתָא וְיַת מְצוֹדָתָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And the hand of Midian prevailed against Israel; and because of Midian the children of Israel made them the dens which are in the mountains, and the caves, and the strongholds.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.160/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JDG:146`. - ← previous: [Judges 6:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.6.1/) - next →: [Judges 6:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.6.3/) - ↑ back to [Judges 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/6/)