--- title: Judges 7:12 — Now the Midianites and the Amalekites and all the children of the ea… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Now the Midianites and the Amalekites and all the children of the east lay along in the valley like locusts for multitude; and their camels were without number, as the sand which is upon the sea-shore for multitude. Who acts: Midianites, camels, sand. Judges 7:12 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.7.12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Judges](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/) / [chapter 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/7/) / 7:12 # Judges 7:12 שֹׁפְטִים **Who acts:** Midianites, camels, sand · **What happens:** lie along, be · **To what, where:** valley This is Judges 7:12 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Midianites, camels, sand — and what happens in the verse to valley, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 21 chapters of Judges on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וּמִדְיָ֨ן וַעֲמָלֵ֤ק וְכָל־בְּנֵי־קֶ֙דֶם֙ נֹפְלִ֣ים בָּעֵ֔מֶק כָּאַרְבֶּ֖ה לָרֹ֑ב וְלִגְמַלֵּיהֶם֙ אֵ֣ין מִסְפָּ֔ר כַּח֛וֹל שֶׁעַל־שְׂפַ֥ת הַיָּ֖ם לָרֹֽב׃ [Now the Midianites and the Amalekites and all the children of the east lay along in the valley like locusts for multitude; and their camels were without number, as the sand which is upon the sea-shore for multitude.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.210/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JDG:196 # text = וּמִדְיָ֨ן וַעֲמָלֵ֤ק וְכָל־בְּנֵי־קֶ֙דֶם֙ נֹפְלִ֣ים בָּעֵ֔מֶק כָּאַרְבֶּ֖ה לָרֹ֑ב וְלִגְמַלֵּיהֶם֙ אֵ֣ין מִסְפָּ֔ר כַּח֛וֹל שֶׁעַל־שְׂפַ֥ת הַיָּ֖ם לָרֹֽב׃ # verse = JDG.7.12 1-2 וּמִדְיָ֨ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_7:12!1|MId=o070070120011|Strong=2050b 2 מִדְיָ֨ן מִדְיָן PROPN _ _ 9 nsubj _ Gloss=Midian|Ref=JDG_7:12!1|MId=o070070120012|Strong=4080 3-4 וַעֲמָלֵ֤ק _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 4 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_7:12!2|MId=o070070120021|Strong=2050b 4 עֲמָלֵ֤ק עֲמָלֵק PROPN _ _ 2 conj _ Gloss=Amalek|Ref=JDG_7:12!2|MId=o070070120022|Strong=6002 5-6 וְכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 6 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_7:12!3|MId=o070070120031|Strong=2050b 6 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 conj _ Gloss=all|Ref=JDG_7:12!3|MId=o070070120032|Strong=3605 7 בְּנֵי־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 6 compound:smixut _ Gloss=[the].people|Ref=JDG_7:12!4|MId=o070070120041|Strong=1121|SpaceAfter=No 8 קֶ֙דֶם֙ קֶדֶם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.[the].east|Ref=JDG_7:12!5|MId=o070070120051|Strong=6924 9 נֹפְלִ֣ים נָפַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 0 root _ Gloss=[were].lying|Ref=JDG_7:12!6|MId=o070070120061|Strong=5307|Frame=A0:070070120012;070070120022;070070120041;|Type=participle_active 10-12 בָּעֵ֔מֶק _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 בָּ בְּ ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=JDG_7:12!7|MId=o070070120071|Strong=0871a 11 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 12 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JDG_7:12!7|MId=o070070120071ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 12 עֵ֔מֶק עֵמֶק NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 obl _ Gloss=valley|Ref=JDG_7:12!7|MId=o070070120072|Strong=6010 13-15 כָּאַרְבֶּ֖ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 כָּ כְּ ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=like|Ref=JDG_7:12!8|MId=o070070120081|Strong=3509a 14 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 15 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JDG_7:12!8|MId=o070070120081ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 15 אַרְבֶּ֖ה אַרְבֶּה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 obl _ Gloss=locust[s]|Ref=JDG_7:12!8|MId=o070070120082|Strong=0697 16-17 לָרֹ֑ב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 לָ לְ ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=JDG_7:12!9|MId=o070070120091|Strong=3807a 17 רֹ֑ב רֹב NOUN _ Number=Sing 15 nmod _ Gloss=multitude|Ref=JDG_7:12!9|MId=o070070120092|Strong=7230 18-21 וְלִגְמַלֵּיהֶם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 22 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_7:12!10|MId=o070070120101|Strong=2050b 19 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JDG_7:12!10|MId=o070070120102|Strong=3807a 20 גְמַלֵּי גָּמָל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 22 obl _ Gloss=camels|Ref=JDG_7:12!10|MId=o070070120103|Strong=1581 21 הֶם֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=JDG_7:12!10|MId=o070070120104|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 22 אֵ֣ין אַיִן ADV _ _ 9 conj _ Gloss=there.[was].not|Ref=JDG_7:12!11|MId=o070070120111|Strong=0369|Type=negative 23 מִסְפָּ֔ר מִסְפָּר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 22 nsubj _ Gloss=number|Ref=JDG_7:12!12|MId=o070070120121|Strong=4557 24-26 כַּח֛וֹל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 כַּ כְּ ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=like|Ref=JDG_7:12!13|MId=o070070120131|Strong=3509a 25 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 26 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JDG_7:12!13|MId=o070070120131ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 26 ח֛וֹל חוֹל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 22 obl _ Gloss=sand|Ref=JDG_7:12!13|MId=o070070120132|Strong=2344 27-28 שֶׁעַל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 שֶׁ שֶׁ SCONJ _ _ 29 mark _ Gloss=which.[is]|Ref=JDG_7:12!14|MId=o070070120141|Strong=7578a|Type=relative 28 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 29 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=JDG_7:12!14|MId=o070070120142|Strong=5921 29 שְׂפַ֥ת שָׂפָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 26 acl:relcl _ Gloss=the.shore|Ref=JDG_7:12!15|MId=o070070120151|Strong=8193 30-31 הַיָּ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 31 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=JDG_7:12!16|MId=o070070120161|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 31 יָּ֖ם יָם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 29 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.sea|Ref=JDG_7:12!16|MId=o070070120162|Strong=3220 32-33 לָרֹֽב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 לָ לְ ADP _ _ 33 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=JDG_7:12!17|MId=o070070120171|Strong=3807a 33 רֹֽב רֹב NOUN _ Number=Sing 26 nmod _ Gloss=multitude|Ref=JDG_7:12!17|MId=o070070120172|Strong=7230 34 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 33 punct _ Ref=JDG_7:12!17 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | **not** נֹפְלִים *\[were\] lying* | participle active · qal | מִדְיָן *Midian* + עֲמָלֵק *Amalek* + בְּנֵי־ *\[the\] people* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּמִדְיָנָאֵי וַעֲמַלְקָאֵי וְכָל בְּנֵי מַדִינְחָא רָמָן בְּמֵישְׁרָא כְּגוֹבָאֵי לִסְגֵי וְלִגְמַלֵיהוֹן לֵית מִנְיַן כְּחָלָא דִי עַל כֵּיף יַמָא לִסְגֵי: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Now the Midianites and the Amalekites and all the children of the east lay along in the valley like locusts for multitude; and their camels were without number, as the sand which is upon the sea-shore for multitude.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.210/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JDG:196`. - ← previous: [Judges 7:11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.7.11/) - next →: [Judges 7:13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.7.13/) - ↑ back to [Judges 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/7/)