--- title: Judges 7:24 — And Gideon sent messengers throughout all the hill-country of Ephrai… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And Gideon sent messengers throughout all the hill-country of Ephraim, saying: 'Come down against Midian, and take before them the waters, as far as Beth-barah, and also the Jordan.' So all the men of Ephraim were gathered together, and took the waters as far as Beth-barah, and also the Jordan. Who --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.7.24/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Judges](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/) / [chapter 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/7/) / 7:24 # Judges 7:24 שֹׁפְטִים **Who acts:** Gideon · **What happens:** send, say, come down, take, gather · **To what, where:** messengers, Midian, waters, men · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Judges 7:24 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Gideon — and what happens in the verse to messengers, Midian, waters, men, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 21 chapters of Judges on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וּמַלְאָכִ֡ים שָׁלַ֣ח גִּדְעוֹן֩ בְּכָל־הַ֨ר אֶפְרַ֜יִם לֵאמֹ֗ר רְד֞וּ לִקְרַ֤את מִדְיָן֙ וְלִכְד֤וּ לָהֶם֙ אֶת־הַמַּ֔יִם עַ֛ד בֵּ֥ית בָּרָ֖ה בֵּ֥ית בָּרָ֖ה וְאֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן וַיִּצָּעֵ֞ק כָּל־אִ֤ישׁ אֶפְרַ֙יִם֙ וַיִּלְכְּד֣וּ אֶת־הַמַּ֔יִם עַ֛ד בֵּ֥ית בָּרָ֖ה בֵּ֥ית בָּרָ֖ה וְאֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּֽן׃ [And Gideon sent messengers throughout all the hill-country of Ephraim, saying: 'Come down against Midian, and take before them the waters, as far as Beth-barah, and also the Jordan.' So all the men of Ephraim were gathered together, and took the waters as far as Beth-barah, and also the Jordan.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.222/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JDG:208 # text = וּמַלְאָכִ֡ים שָׁלַ֣ח גִּדְעוֹן֩ בְּכָל־הַ֨ר אֶפְרַ֜יִם לֵאמֹ֗ר רְד֞וּ לִקְרַ֤את מִדְיָן֙ וְלִכְד֤וּ לָהֶם֙ אֶת־הַמַּ֔יִם עַ֛ד בֵּ֥ית בָּרָ֖ה בֵּ֥ית בָּרָ֖ה וְאֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן וַיִּצָּעֵ֞ק כָּל־אִ֤ישׁ אֶפְרַ֙יִם֙ וַיִּלְכְּד֣וּ אֶת־הַמַּ֔יִם עַ֛ד בֵּ֥ית בָּרָ֖ה בֵּ֥ית בָּרָ֖ה וְאֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּֽן׃ # verse = JDG.7.24 1-2 וּמַלְאָכִ֡ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 3 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_7:24!1|MId=o070070240011|Strong=2050b 2 מַלְאָכִ֡ים מַלְאָךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 3 obj _ Gloss=messengers|Ref=JDG_7:24!1|MId=o070070240012|Strong=4397 3 שָׁלַ֣ח שָׁלַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.sent|Ref=JDG_7:24!2|MId=o070070240021|Strong=7971|Frame=A1:070070240012;A0:070070240031;|Type=qatal 4 גִּדְעוֹן֩ גִּדְעוֹן PROPN _ _ 3 nsubj _ Gloss=Gideon|Ref=JDG_7:24!3|MId=o070070240031|Strong=1439 5-6 בְּכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=JDG_7:24!4|MId=o070070240041|Strong=0871a 6 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 obl _ Gloss=all|Ref=JDG_7:24!4|MId=o070070240042|Strong=3605 7 הַ֨ר הַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.hill.country|Ref=JDG_7:24!5|MId=o070070240051|Strong=2022 8 אֶפְרַ֜יִם אֶפְרַיִם PROPN _ _ 7 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Ephraim|Ref=JDG_7:24!6|MId=o070070240061|Strong=0669 9-10 לֵאמֹ֗ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 לֵ לְ ADP _ ExtPos=SCONJ 11 mark _ Gloss=(cmp)|Ref=JDG_7:24!7|MId=o070070240071|Strong=3807a 10 אמֹ֗ר אָמַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 9 fixed _ Gloss=|Ref=JDG_7:24!7|MId=o070070240072|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:070070240031;|Type=infinitive_construct 11 רְד֞וּ יָרַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 3 advcl _ Gloss=come.down|Ref=JDG_7:24!8|MId=o070070240081|Strong=3381|Frame=A0:070070240061;|Type=imperative 12-13 לִקְרַ֤את _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JDG_7:24!9|MId=o070070240091|Strong=3807a 13 קְרַ֤את קרא VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 11 advcl _ Gloss=meet|Ref=JDG_7:24!9|MId=o070070240092|Strong=7122|Frame=A0:070070240061;A1:070070240101;|Type=infinitive_construct 14 מִדְיָן֙ מִדְיָן PROPN _ _ 13 obj _ Gloss=Midian|Ref=JDG_7:24!10|MId=o070070240101|Strong=4080 15-16 וְלִכְד֤וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 16 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_7:24!11|MId=o070070240111|Strong=2050b 16 לִכְד֤וּ לָכַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 3 conj _ Gloss=capture|Ref=JDG_7:24!11|MId=o070070240112|Strong=3920|Frame=A0:070070240061;A1:070070240142;|Type=imperative 17-18 לָהֶם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 ל לְ ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JDG_7:24!12|MId=o070070240121|Strong=3807a 18 ָהֶם֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=JDG_7:24!12|MId=o070070240122|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 19 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JDG_7:24!13|MId=o070070240131|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 20-21 הַמַּ֔יִם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 21 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JDG_7:24!14|MId=o070070240141|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 21 מַּ֔יִם מַיִם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 16 obj _ Gloss=waters|Ref=JDG_7:24!14|MId=o070070240142|Strong=4325 22 עַ֛ד עַד ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JDG_7:24!15|MId=o070070240151|Strong=5704 23 בֵּ֥ית בֵּית PROPN _ _ 16 obl _ Gloss=Beth|Ref=JDG_7:24!16|MId=o070070240161 24 בָּרָ֖ה בָּרָה PROPN _ _ 23 flat:name _ Ref=JDG_7:24!16 25 בֵּ֥ית בֵּית PROPN _ _ 23 nmod _ Gloss=Barah|Ref=JDG_7:24!17|MId=o070070240171 26 בָּרָ֖ה בָּרָה PROPN _ _ 25 flat:name _ Ref=JDG_7:24!17 27-28 וְאֶת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 30 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_7:24!18|MId=o070070240181|Strong=2050b 28 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 30 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JDG_7:24!18|MId=o070070240182|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 29-30 הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 30 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JDG_7:24!19|MId=o070070240191|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 30 יַּרְדֵּ֑ן יַרְדֵּן PROPN _ _ 16 conj _ Gloss=Jordan|Ref=JDG_7:24!19|MId=o070070240192|Strong=3383 31-32 וַיִּצָּעֵ֞ק _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 32 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_7:24!20|MId=o070070240201|Strong=2050b 32 יִּצָּעֵ֞ק צָעַק VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=he.was.summoned|Ref=JDG_7:24!20|MId=o070070240202|Strong=6817|Frame=A1:070070240211;|Type=wayyiqtol 33 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 32 nsubj _ Gloss=every|Ref=JDG_7:24!21|MId=o070070240211|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 34 אִ֤ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 33 compound:smixut _ Gloss=(the).man|Ref=JDG_7:24!22|MId=o070070240221|Strong=0376 35 אֶפְרַ֙יִם֙ אֶפְרַיִם PROPN _ _ 34 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Ephraim|Ref=JDG_7:24!23|MId=o070070240231|Strong=0669 36-37 וַיִּלְכְּד֣וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 37 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_7:24!24|MId=o070070240241|Strong=2050b 37 יִּלְכְּד֣וּ לָכַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=they.captured|Ref=JDG_7:24!24|MId=o070070240242|Strong=3920|Frame=A0:070070240211;A1:070070240252;|Type=wayyiqtol 38 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 40 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JDG_7:24!25|MId=o070070240251|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 39-40 הַמַּ֔יִם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 40 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JDG_7:24!26|MId=o070070240261|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 40 מַּ֔יִם מַיִם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 37 obj _ Gloss=waters|Ref=JDG_7:24!26|MId=o070070240262|Strong=4325 41 עַ֛ד עַד ADP _ _ 42 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JDG_7:24!27|MId=o070070240271|Strong=5704 42 בֵּ֥ית בֵּית PROPN _ _ 37 obl _ Gloss=Beth|Ref=JDG_7:24!28|MId=o070070240281 43 בָּרָ֖ה בָּרָה PROPN _ _ 42 flat:name _ Ref=JDG_7:24!28 44 בֵּ֥ית בֵּית PROPN _ _ 42 nmod _ Gloss=Barah|Ref=JDG_7:24!29|MId=o070070240291 45 בָּרָ֖ה בָּרָה PROPN _ _ 44 flat:name _ Ref=JDG_7:24!29 46-47 וְאֶת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 49 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_7:24!30|MId=o070070240301|Strong=2050b 47 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 49 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JDG_7:24!30|MId=o070070240302|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 48-49 הַיַּרְדֵּֽן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 49 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JDG_7:24!31|MId=o070070240311|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 49 יַּרְדֵּֽן יַרְדֵּן PROPN _ _ 37 conj _ Gloss=Jordan|Ref=JDG_7:24!31|MId=o070070240312|Strong=3383 50 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 49 punct _ Ref=JDG_7:24!31 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · assert · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | שָׁלַח *he sent* | qatal · qal | גִּדְעוֹן *Gideon* | מַלְאָכִים *messengers* | | | | אמֹר | infinitive construct · qal | גִּדְעוֹן *Gideon* | | | | | רְדוּ *come down* | imperative · qal | אֶפְרַיִם *of Ephraim* | | | | | קְרַאת *meet* | infinitive construct · qal | אֶפְרַיִם *of Ephraim* | מִדְיָן *Midian* | | | | לִכְדוּ *capture* | imperative · qal | אֶפְרַיִם *of Ephraim* | מַּיִם *waters* | | | | יִּצָּעֵק *he was summoned* | wayyiqtol · niphal | | כָּל־ *every* | | | | יִּלְכְּדוּ *they captured* | wayyiqtol · qal | כָּל־ *every* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְאִזְגַדִין שְׁלַח גִדְעוֹן בְּכָל טוּרָא דְבֵית אֶפְרַיִם לְמֵימָר חוּתוּ לָקֳדָמוּת מִדְיָנָאֵי וַאֲחָדוּ עֲלֵיהוֹן יַת מִגִיזָתָא עַד בֵּית בָּרָה וְיַת יַרְדְנָא וְאִתְכְּנִישׁ כָּל אֱנָשׁ אֶפְרַיִם וַאֲחָדוּ יַת מְגִיזָתָא עַד בֵּית בָּרָה וְיַת יַרְדָנָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And Gideon sent messengers throughout all the hill-country of Ephraim, saying: 'Come down against Midian, and take before them the waters, as far as Beth-barah, and also the Jordan.' So all the men of Ephraim were gathered together, and took the waters as far as Beth-barah, and also the Jordan.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.222/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JDG:208`. - ← previous: [Judges 7:23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.7.23/) - next →: [Judges 7:25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.7.25/) - ↑ back to [Judges 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/7/)