--- title: Judges 7:3 — Now therefore make proclamation in the ears of the people, saying: W… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Now therefore make proclamation in the ears of the people, saying: Whosoever is fearful and trembling, let him return and depart early from mount Gilead.' And there returned of the people twenty and two thousand; and there remained ten thousand. Who acts: you, Whosoever, hand, twenty thousand. Judge --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.7.3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Judges](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/) / [chapter 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/7/) / 7:3 # Judges 7:3 שֹׁפְטִים **Who acts:** you, Whosoever, hand, twenty thousand, ten thousand · **What happens:** make, say, be, tremble, let, return · **To what, where:** proclamation, ears, hand, mount Gilead · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Judges 7:3 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — you, Whosoever, hand, twenty thousand, ten thousand — and what happens in the verse to proclamation, ears, hand, mount Gilead, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 21 chapters of Judges on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְעַתָּ֗ה קְרָ֨א נָ֜א בְּאָזְנֵ֤י הָעָם֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר מִֽי־יָרֵ֣א וְחָרֵ֔ד יָשֹׁ֥ב וְיִצְפֹּ֖ר מֵהַ֣ר הַגִּלְעָ֑ד וַיָּ֣שָׁב מִן־הָעָ֗ם עֶשְׂרִ֤ים וּשְׁנַ֙יִם֙ אֶ֔לֶף וַעֲשֶׂ֥רֶת אֲלָפִ֖ים נִשְׁאָֽרוּ׃ס [Now therefore make proclamation in the ears of the people, saying: Whosoever is fearful and trembling, let him return and depart early from mount Gilead.' And there returned of the people twenty and two thousand; and there remained ten thousand.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.201/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JDG:187 # text = וְעַתָּ֗ה קְרָ֨א נָ֜א בְּאָזְנֵ֤י הָעָם֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר מִֽי־יָרֵ֣א וְחָרֵ֔ד יָשֹׁ֥ב וְיִצְפֹּ֖ר מֵהַ֣ר הַגִּלְעָ֑ד וַיָּ֣שָׁב מִן־הָעָ֗ם עֶשְׂרִ֤ים וּשְׁנַ֙יִם֙ אֶ֔לֶף וַעֲשֶׂ֥רֶת אֲלָפִ֖ים נִשְׁאָֽרוּ׃ס # verse = JDG.7.3 1-2 וְעַתָּ֗ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_7:3!1|MId=o070070030011|Strong=2050b 2 עַתָּ֗ה עַתָּה ADV _ _ 0 root _ Gloss=therefore|Ref=JDG_7:3!1|MId=o070070030012|Strong=6258 3 קְרָ֨א קָרָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 2 parataxis _ Gloss=proclaim|Ref=JDG_7:3!2|MId=o070070030021|Strong=7121|Frame=A0:070070020041;|Type=imperative 4 נָ֜א נָא INTJ _ _ 3 discourse _ Gloss=please|Ref=JDG_7:3!3|MId=o070070030031|Strong=4994|Type=exhortation 5-6 בְּאָזְנֵ֤י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=JDG_7:3!4|MId=o070070030041|Strong=0871a 6 אָזְנֵ֤י אֹזֶן NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Dual 3 obl _ Gloss=the.ears|Ref=JDG_7:3!4|MId=o070070030042|Strong=0241 7-8 הָעָם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 8 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=JDG_7:3!5|MId=o070070030051|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 8 עָם֙ עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.people|Ref=JDG_7:3!5|MId=o070070030052|Strong=5971 9-10 לֵאמֹ֔ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 לֵ לְ ADP _ ExtPos=SCONJ 12 mark _ Gloss=(cmp)|Ref=JDG_7:3!6|MId=o070070030061|Strong=3807a 10 אמֹ֔ר אָמַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 9 fixed _ Gloss=|Ref=JDG_7:3!6|MId=o070070030062|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:070070020041;|Type=infinitive_construct 11 מִֽי־ מִי PRON _ PronType=Int 12 nsubj _ Gloss=who?|Ref=JDG_7:3!7|MId=o070070030071|Strong=4310|Type=interrogative|SpaceAfter=No 12 יָרֵ֣א יָרֵא ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 ccomp _ Gloss=[is].fearful|Ref=JDG_7:3!8|MId=o070070030081|Strong=3373|Type=adjective 13-14 וְחָרֵ֔ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_7:3!9|MId=o070070030091|Strong=2050b 14 חָרֵ֔ד חָרֵד ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 amod _ Gloss=trembling|Ref=JDG_7:3!9|MId=o070070030092|Strong=2730|Type=adjective 15 יָשֹׁ֥ב שׁוּב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 12 parataxis _ Gloss=let.him.go.back|Ref=JDG_7:3!10|MId=o070070030101|Strong=7725|Frame=A0:070070030071;|Type=jussive 16-17 וְיִצְפֹּ֖ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 17 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_7:3!11|MId=o070070030111|Strong=2050b 17 יִצְפֹּ֖ר צָפַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 12 conj _ Gloss=let.him.go|Ref=JDG_7:3!11|MId=o070070030112|Strong=6852|Frame=A0:070070030071;|Type=yiqtol 18-19 מֵהַ֣ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=JDG_7:3!12|MId=o070070030121|Strong=4480 19 הַ֣ר הַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 obl _ Gloss=the.mountain|Ref=JDG_7:3!12|MId=o070070030122|Strong=2022 20-21 הַגִּלְעָ֑ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 21 det _ Gloss=of.(the)|Ref=JDG_7:3!13|MId=o070070030131|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 21 גִּלְעָ֑ד גִּלְעָד PROPN _ _ 19 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Gilead|Ref=JDG_7:3!13|MId=o070070030132|Strong=1568 22-23 וַיָּ֣שָׁב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 23 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_7:3!14|MId=o070070030141|Strong=2050b 23 יָּ֣שָׁב שׁוּב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=it.returned|Ref=JDG_7:3!14|MId=o070070030142|Strong=7725|Frame=A0:070070030171;070070030182;070070030191;|Type=wayyiqtol 24 מִן־ מִן ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=of|Ref=JDG_7:3!15|MId=o070070030151|Strong=4480|SpaceAfter=No 25-26 הָעָ֗ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 26 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JDG_7:3!16|MId=o070070030161|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 26 עָ֗ם עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 23 obl _ Gloss=people|Ref=JDG_7:3!16|MId=o070070030162|Strong=5971 27 עֶשְׂרִ֤ים עֶשְׂרִים NUM _ Number=Plur 23 nsubj _ Gloss=twenty|Ref=JDG_7:3!17|MId=o070070030171|Strong=6242|Type=cardinal_number 28-29 וּשְׁנַ֙יִם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 29 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_7:3!18|MId=o070070030181|Strong=2050b 29 שְׁנַ֙יִם֙ שְׁנַיִם NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Dual 27 conj _ Gloss=two|Ref=JDG_7:3!18|MId=o070070030182|Strong=8147|Type=cardinal_number 30 אֶ֔לֶף אֶלֶף NUM _ Number=Sing 27 flat _ Gloss=thousand|Ref=JDG_7:3!19|MId=o070070030191|Strong=0505|Type=cardinal_number 31-32 וַעֲשֶׂ֥רֶת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 34 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_7:3!20|MId=o070070030201|Strong=2050b 32 עֲשֶׂ֥רֶת עֲשָׂרָה NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 34 nsubj _ Gloss=ten|Ref=JDG_7:3!20|MId=o070070030202|Strong=6235|Type=cardinal_number 33 אֲלָפִ֖ים אֶלֶף NUM _ Number=Plur 32 flat _ Gloss=thousand(s)|Ref=JDG_7:3!21|MId=o070070030211|Strong=0505|Type=cardinal_number 34 נִשְׁאָֽרוּ שָׁאַר VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.remained|Ref=JDG_7:3!22|MId=o070070030221|Strong=7604|Frame=A1:070070030202;070070030211;|Type=qatal|SpaceAfter=No 35 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 34 punct _ Ref=JDG_7:3!22|SpaceAfter=No 36 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 34 punct _ Ref=JDG_7:3!22 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: wh-question - act: ask - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · assert · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | קְרָא *proclaim* | imperative · qal | | | | | | אמֹר | infinitive construct · qal | | | | | | יָשֹׁב *let him go back* | jussive · qal | מִֽי־ *who?* | | | | | יִצְפֹּר *let him go* | yiqtol · qal | מִֽי־ *who?* | | | | | יָּשָׁב *it returned* | wayyiqtol · qal | עֶשְׂרִים *twenty* + שְׁנַיִם *two* + אֶלֶף *thousand* | | | | | נִשְׁאָֽרוּ *they remained* | qatal · niphal | | עֲשֶׂרֶת *ten* + אֲלָפִים *thousand(s)* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּכְעַן אַכְלֵי כְעַן קֳדָם עַמָא לְמֵימָר מָן דְדָחֵיל וְזָע יְתוּב וְיִתְבְּחַר מִטוּרָא דְגִלְעָד וְתַב מִן עַמָא עַסְרִין וּתְרֵין אַלְפִין וְעַסְרָא אַלְפִין אִשְׁתַּאֲרוּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Now therefore make proclamation in the ears of the people, saying: Whosoever is fearful and trembling, let him return and depart early from mount Gilead.' And there returned of the people twenty and two thousand; and there remained ten thousand.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.201/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JDG:187`. - ← previous: [Judges 7:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.7.2/) - next →: [Judges 7:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.7.4/) - ↑ back to [Judges 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/7/)