--- title: Judges 8:1 — And the men of Ephraim said unto him: 'Why hast thou served us thus,… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And the men of Ephraim said unto him: 'Why hast thou served us thus, that thou didst not call us when thou wentest to fight with Midian?' And they did chide with him sharply. Who acts: men, thou. Judges 8:1 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every cla --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.8.1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Judges](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/) / [chapter 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/8/) / 8:1 # Judges 8:1 שֹׁפְטִים **Who acts:** men, thou · **What happens:** say, serve, not call, go, fight, chide · **To what, where:** us · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Judges 8:1 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — men, thou — and what happens in the verse to us, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 21 chapters of Judges on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּאמְר֨וּ אֵלָ֜יו אִ֣ישׁ אֶפְרַ֗יִם מָֽה־הַדָּבָ֤ר הַזֶּה֙ עָשִׂ֣יתָ לָּ֔נוּ לְבִלְתִּי֙ קְרֹ֣אות לָ֔נוּ כִּ֥י הָלַ֖כְתָּ לְהִלָּחֵ֣ם בְּמִדְיָ֑ן וַיְרִיב֥וּן אִתּ֖וֹ בְּחָזְקָֽה׃ [And the men of Ephraim said unto him: 'Why hast thou served us thus, that thou didst not call us when thou wentest to fight with Midian?' And they did chide with him sharply.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.224/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JDG:210 # text = וַיֹּאמְר֨וּ אֵלָ֜יו אִ֣ישׁ אֶפְרַ֗יִם מָֽה־הַדָּבָ֤ר הַזֶּה֙ עָשִׂ֣יתָ לָּ֔נוּ לְבִלְתִּי֙ קְרֹ֣אות לָ֔נוּ כִּ֥י הָלַ֖כְתָּ לְהִלָּחֵ֣ם בְּמִדְיָ֑ן וַיְרִיב֥וּן אִתּ֖וֹ בְּחָזְקָֽה׃ # verse = JDG.8.1 1-2 וַיֹּאמְר֨וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_8:1!1|MId=o070080010011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּאמְר֨וּ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.said|Ref=JDG_8:1!1|MId=o070080010012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:070080010031;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 אֵלָ֜יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 אֵלָ֜י אֶל ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JDG_8:1!2|MId=o070080010021|Strong=0413 4 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=JDG_8:1!2|MId=o070080010022|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 5 אִ֣ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=the.man|Ref=JDG_8:1!3|MId=o070080010031|Strong=0376 6 אֶפְרַ֗יִם אֶפְרַיִם PROPN _ _ 5 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Ephraim|Ref=JDG_8:1!4|MId=o070080010041|Strong=0669 7 מָֽה־ מָה PRON _ PronType=Int 2 ccomp _ Gloss=what?|Ref=JDG_8:1!5|MId=o070080010051|Strong=4100|Type=interrogative|SpaceAfter=No 8-9 הַדָּבָ֤ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 9 det _ Gloss=[is].the|Ref=JDG_8:1!6|MId=o070080010061|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 9 דָּבָ֤ר דָּבָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ Gloss=thing|Ref=JDG_8:1!6|MId=o070080010062|Strong=1697 10-11 הַזֶּה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 11 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JDG_8:1!7|MId=o070080010071|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 11 זֶּה֙ זֶה DET _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 9 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=JDG_8:1!7|MId=o070080010072|Strong=2088|Type=demonstrative 12 עָשִׂ֣יתָ עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 9 acl _ Gloss=[which].you.have.done|Ref=JDG_8:1!8|MId=o070080010081|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:070070250261;A1:070080010062;|Type=qatal 13-14 לָּ֔נוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 לּ לְ ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JDG_8:1!9|MId=o070080010091|Strong=3807a 14 ָ֔נוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 12 obl _ Gloss=us|Ref=JDG_8:1!9|MId=o070080010092|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 15-16 לְבִלְתִּי֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JDG_8:1!10|MId=o070080010101|Strong=3807a 16 בִלְתִּי֙ בֵּלֶת ADP _ _ 17 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=JDG_8:1!10|MId=o070080010102|Strong=1115 17 קְרֹ֣אות קָרָא VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 7 parataxis _ Gloss=to.summon|Ref=JDG_8:1!11|MId=o070080010111|Strong=7121|Frame=A0:070070250261;|Type=infinitive_construct 18-19 לָ֔נוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 ל לְ ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=(to)|Ref=JDG_8:1!12|MId=o070080010121|Strong=3807a 19 ָ֔נוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 17 obl _ Gloss=us|Ref=JDG_8:1!12|MId=o070080010122|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 20 כִּ֥י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 21 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=JDG_8:1!13|MId=o070080010131|Strong=3588 21 הָלַ֖כְתָּ הָלַךְ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 17 ccomp _ Gloss=you.went|Ref=JDG_8:1!14|MId=o070080010141|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:070070250261;|Type=qatal 22-23 לְהִלָּחֵ֣ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JDG_8:1!15|MId=o070080010151|Strong=3807a 23 הִלָּחֵ֣ם לָחַם VERB _ HebBinyan=NIPHAL 21 advcl _ Gloss=fight|Ref=JDG_8:1!15|MId=o070080010152|Strong=3898|Frame=A0:070070250261;|Type=infinitive_construct 24-25 בְּמִדְיָ֑ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=against|Ref=JDG_8:1!16|MId=o070080010161|Strong=0871a 25 מִדְיָ֑ן מִדְיָן PROPN _ _ 23 obl _ Gloss=Midian|Ref=JDG_8:1!16|MId=o070080010162|Strong=4080 26-28 וַיְרִיב֥וּן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 27 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_8:1!17|MId=o070080010171|Strong=2050b 27 יְרִיב֥וּ רִיב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they|Ref=JDG_8:1!17|MId=o070080010172|Strong=7378|Frame=A0:070080010031;|Type=wayyiqtol 28 ן נ X _ _ 27 nmod _ Gloss=quarreled|Ref=JDG_8:1!17|MId=o070080010173|Strong=4993b|Type=paragogic_nun 29-30 אִתּ֖וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 אִתּ אֵת ADP _ _ 30 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=JDG_8:1!18|MId=o070080010181|Strong=0854 30 ֖וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 27 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=JDG_8:1!18|MId=o070080010182|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 31-32 בְּחָזְקָֽה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 32 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=JDG_8:1!19|MId=o070080010191|Strong=0871a 32 חָזְקָֽה חׇזְקָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 27 obl _ Gloss=force|Ref=JDG_8:1!19|MId=o070080010192|Strong=2394 33 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 32 punct _ Ref=JDG_8:1!19 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: wh-question - act: ask - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמְרוּ *they said* | wayyiqtol · qal | אִישׁ *the man* | | | | | עָשִׂיתָ *\[which\] you have done* | qatal · qal | | דָּבָר *thing* | | | | קְרֹאות *to summon* | infinitive construct · qal | | | | | | הָלַכְתָּ *you went* | qatal · qal | | | | | | הִלָּחֵם *fight* | infinitive construct · niphal | | | | | | יְרִיבוּ *they* | wayyiqtol · qal | אִישׁ *the man* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲמַרוּ לֵיהּ אֱנָשׁ אֶפְרַיִם מָא פִּתְגָמָא הָדֵין עֲבַדְתָּא לָנָא בְּדִיל מַה לָא קְרֵיתָא לָנָא כִּדְאַזַלְתָּא לְאַגָחָא קְרָבָא בְּמִדְיָן וְדַיְנִין עִמֵיהּ בִּתְקוֹף: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And the men of Ephraim said unto him: 'Why hast thou served us thus, that thou didst not call us when thou wentest to fight with Midian?' And they did chide with him sharply.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.224/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JDG:210`. - ← previous: [Judges 7:25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.7.25/) - next →: [Judges 8:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.8.2/) - ↑ back to [Judges 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/8/)