--- title: Judges 8:12 — And Zebah and Zalmunna fled; and he pursued after them; and he took… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And Zebah and Zalmunna fled; and he pursued after them; and he took the two kings of Midian, Zebah and Zalmunna, and discomfited all the host. Who acts: Zebah, Zalmunna. Judges 8:12 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.8.12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Judges](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/) / [chapter 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/8/) / 8:12 # Judges 8:12 שֹׁפְטִים **Who acts:** Zebah, Zalmunna · **What happens:** flee, pursue, take, discomfit · **To what, where:** two kings, host This is Judges 8:12 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Zebah, Zalmunna — and what happens in the verse to two kings, host, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 21 chapters of Judges on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיָּנ֗וּסוּ זֶ֚בַח וְצַלְמֻנָּ֔ע וַיִּרְדֹּ֖ף אַחֲרֵיהֶ֑ם וַיִּלְכֹּ֞ד אֶת־שְׁנֵ֣י ׀ מַלְכֵ֣י מִדְיָ֗ן אֶת־זֶ֙בַח֙ וְאֶת־צַלְמֻנָּ֔ע וְכָל־הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֖ה הֶחֱרִֽיד׃ [And Zebah and Zalmunna fled; and he pursued after them; and he took the two kings of Midian, Zebah and Zalmunna, and discomfited all the host.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.236/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JDG:221 # text = וַיָּנ֗וּסוּ זֶ֚בַח וְצַלְמֻנָּ֔ע וַיִּרְדֹּ֖ף אַחֲרֵיהֶ֑ם וַיִּלְכֹּ֞ד אֶת־שְׁנֵ֣י ׀ מַלְכֵ֣י מִדְיָ֗ן אֶת־זֶ֙בַח֙ וְאֶת־צַלְמֻנָּ֔ע וְכָל־הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֖ה הֶחֱרִֽיד׃ # verse = JDG.8.12 1-2 וַיָּנ֗וּסוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_8:12!1|MId=o070080120011|Strong=2050b 2 יָּנ֗וּסוּ נוּס VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.fled|Ref=JDG_8:12!1|MId=o070080120012|Strong=5127|Frame=A0:070080120021;070080120032;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 זֶ֚בַח זֶבַח PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Zebah|Ref=JDG_8:12!2|MId=o070080120021|Strong=2078 4-5 וְצַלְמֻנָּ֔ע _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 5 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_8:12!3|MId=o070080120031|Strong=2050b 5 צַלְמֻנָּ֔ע צַלְמֻנָּע PROPN _ _ 3 conj _ Gloss=Zalmunna|Ref=JDG_8:12!3|MId=o070080120032|Strong=6759 6-7 וַיִּרְדֹּ֖ף _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 7 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_8:12!4|MId=o070080120041|Strong=2050b 7 יִּרְדֹּ֖ף רָדַף VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.pursued|Ref=JDG_8:12!4|MId=o070080120042|Strong=7291|Frame=A0:070080110021;|Type=wayyiqtol 8-9 אַחֲרֵיהֶ֑ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 אַחֲרֵי אַחַר ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=after|Ref=JDG_8:12!5|MId=o070080120051|Strong=0310 9 הֶ֑ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 7 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=JDG_8:12!5|MId=o070080120052|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 10-11 וַיִּלְכֹּ֞ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 11 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_8:12!6|MId=o070080120061|Strong=2050b 11 יִּלְכֹּ֞ד לָכַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.captured|Ref=JDG_8:12!6|MId=o070080120062|Strong=3920|Frame=A0:070080110021;A1:070080120091;|Type=wayyiqtol 12 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JDG_8:12!7|MId=o070080120071|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 13 שְׁנֵ֣י שְׁנַיִם NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Dual 15 nummod _ Gloss=the.two|Ref=JDG_8:12!8|MId=o070080120081|Strong=8147|Type=cardinal_number 14 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 13 punct _ Ref=JDG_8:12!8 15 מַלְכֵ֣י מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 11 obj _ Gloss=the.kings|Ref=JDG_8:12!9|MId=o070080120091|Strong=4428 16 מִדְיָ֗ן מִדְיָן PROPN _ _ 15 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Midian|Ref=JDG_8:12!10|MId=o070080120101|Strong=4080 17 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JDG_8:12!11|MId=o070080120111|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 18 זֶ֙בַח֙ זֶבַח PROPN _ _ 15 appos _ Gloss=Zebah|Ref=JDG_8:12!12|MId=o070080120121|Strong=2078 19-20 וְאֶת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 21 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_8:12!13|MId=o070080120131|Strong=2050b 20 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JDG_8:12!13|MId=o070080120132|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 21 צַלְמֻנָּ֔ע צַלְמֻנָּע PROPN _ _ 18 conj _ Gloss=Zalmunna|Ref=JDG_8:12!14|MId=o070080120141|Strong=6759 22-23 וְכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 26 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_8:12!15|MId=o070080120151|Strong=2050b 23 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 26 obj _ Gloss=all|Ref=JDG_8:12!15|MId=o070080120152|Strong=3605 24-25 הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֖ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 הַֽ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 25 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JDG_8:12!16|MId=o070080120161|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 25 מַּחֲנֶ֖ה מַחֲנֶה NOUN _ Number=Sing 23 compound:smixut _ Gloss=army|Ref=JDG_8:12!16|MId=o070080120162|Strong=4264 26 הֶחֱרִֽיד חָרַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.routed|Ref=JDG_8:12!17|MId=o070080120171|Strong=2729|Frame=AA:070080110021;A0:070080120162;|Type=qatal|SpaceAfter=No 27 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 26 punct _ Ref=JDG_8:12!17 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יָּנוּסוּ *they fled* | wayyiqtol · qal | זֶבַח *Zebah* + צַלְמֻנָּע *Zalmunna* | | | | | יִּרְדֹּף *he pursued* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | יִּלְכֹּד *he captured* | wayyiqtol · qal | | מַלְכֵי *the kings* | | | | הֶחֱרִֽיד *he routed* | qatal · hiphil | מַּחֲנֶה *army* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְאַפָכוּ זֶבַח וְצַלְמֻנָע וּרְדַף בַּתְרֵיהוֹן וַאֲחַד יַת תְּרֵין מַלְכֵי מִדְיָן יַת זֶבַח וְיַת צַלְמֻנָע וְכָל מַשְׁרִיתָא אָזִיעַ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And Zebah and Zalmunna fled; and he pursued after them; and he took the two kings of Midian, Zebah and Zalmunna, and discomfited all the host.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.236/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JDG:221`. - ← previous: [Judges 8:11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.8.11/) - next →: [Judges 8:13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.8.13/) - ↑ back to [Judges 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/8/)