--- title: Judges 8:20 — And he said unto Jether his first-born: 'Up, and slay them.' But the… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And he said unto Jether his first-born: 'Up, and slay them.' But the youth drew not his sword; for he feared, because he was yet a youth. Who acts: Gideon, youth. Judges 8:20 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.8.20/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Judges](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/) / [chapter 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/8/) / 8:20 # Judges 8:20 שֹׁפְטִים **Who acts:** Gideon, youth · **What happens:** say, slay, not draw, fear, be · **To what, where:** men, sword, youth · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Judges 8:20 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Gideon, youth — and what happens in the verse to men, sword, youth, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 21 chapters of Judges on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ לְיֶ֣תֶר בְּכוֹר֔וֹ ק֖וּם הֲרֹ֣ג אוֹתָ֑ם וְלֹא־שָׁלַ֨ף הַנַּ֤עַר חַרְבּוֹ֙ כִּ֣י יָרֵ֔א כִּ֥י עוֹדֶ֖נּוּ נָֽעַר׃ [And he said unto Jether his first-born: 'Up, and slay them.' But the youth drew not his sword; for he feared, because he was yet a youth.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.244/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JDG:229 # text = וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ לְיֶ֣תֶר בְּכוֹר֔וֹ ק֖וּם הֲרֹ֣ג אוֹתָ֑ם וְלֹא־שָׁלַ֨ף הַנַּ֤עַר חַרְבּוֹ֙ כִּ֣י יָרֵ֔א כִּ֥י עוֹדֶ֖נּוּ נָֽעַר׃ # verse = JDG.8.20 1-2 וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_8:20!1|MId=o070080200011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=JDG_8:20!1|MId=o070080200012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:070080130021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 לְיֶ֣תֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JDG_8:20!2|MId=o070080200021|Strong=3807a 4 יֶ֣תֶר יֶתֶר PROPN _ _ 2 obl _ Gloss=Jether|Ref=JDG_8:20!2|MId=o070080200022|Strong=3500 5-6 בְּכוֹר֔וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 בְּכוֹר בְּכֹר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 appos _ Gloss=firstborn|Ref=JDG_8:20!3|MId=o070080200031|Strong=1060 6 ֔וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 5 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=JDG_8:20!3|MId=o070080200032|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 7 ק֖וּם קוּם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 2 ccomp _ Gloss=arise|Ref=JDG_8:20!4|MId=o070080200041|Strong=6965|Frame=A0:070080200022;|Type=imperative 8 הֲרֹ֣ג הָרַג VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 7 parataxis _ Gloss=kill|Ref=JDG_8:20!5|MId=o070080200051|Strong=2026|Frame=A0:070080200022;A1:070080200062;|Type=imperative 9-10 אוֹתָ֑ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 אוֹת אֵת ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=|Ref=JDG_8:20!6|MId=o070080200061|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 10 ָ֑ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 8 obj _ Gloss=them|Ref=JDG_8:20!6|MId=o070080200062|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 11-12 וְלֹא־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_8:20!7|MId=o070080200071|Strong=2050b 12 לֹא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 13 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=JDG_8:20!7|MId=o070080200072|Strong=3808|Type=negative 13 שָׁלַ֨ף שָׁלַף VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 7 conj _ Gloss=he.drew|Ref=JDG_8:20!8|MId=o070080200081|Strong=8025|Frame=A0:070080200092;A1:070080200101;|Type=qatal 14-15 הַנַּ֤עַר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 15 det _ Gloss=the.young|Ref=JDG_8:20!9|MId=o070080200091|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 15 נַּ֤עַר נַעַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 13 nsubj _ Gloss=man|Ref=JDG_8:20!9|MId=o070080200092|Strong=5288 16-17 חַרְבּוֹ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 חַרְבּ חֶרֶב NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 13 obj _ Gloss=sword|Ref=JDG_8:20!10|MId=o070080200101|Strong=2719 17 וֹ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=JDG_8:20!10|MId=o070080200102|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 18 כִּ֣י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 19 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=JDG_8:20!11|MId=o070080200111|Strong=3588 19 יָרֵ֔א יָרֵא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 7 advcl _ Gloss=he.was.afraid|Ref=JDG_8:20!12|MId=o070080200121|Strong=3372|Frame=A0:070080200092;|Type=qatal 20 כִּ֥י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 23 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=JDG_8:20!13|MId=o070080200131|Strong=3588 21-22 עוֹדֶ֖נּוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 עוֹד עוֹד ADV _ _ 23 advmod _ Gloss=still|Ref=JDG_8:20!14|MId=o070080200141|Strong=5750 22 ֶ֖נּוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 23 nsubj _ Gloss=he|Ref=JDG_8:20!14|MId=o070080200142|Strong=5105b|Type=pronominal 23 נָֽעַר נַעַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 advcl _ Gloss=[was].a.young.man|Ref=JDG_8:20!15|MId=o070080200151|Strong=5288|SpaceAfter=No 24 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 23 punct _ Ref=JDG_8:20!15 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | קוּם *arise* | imperative · qal | יֶתֶר *Jether* | | | | | הֲרֹג *kill* | imperative · qal | יֶתֶר *Jether* | ָם *them* | | | | **not** שָׁלַף *he drew* | qatal · qal | נַּעַר *man* | חַרְבּ *sword* | | | | יָרֵא *he was afraid* | qatal · qal | נַּעַר *man* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲמַר לְיֶתֶר בּוּכְרֵיהּ קוּם קְטוֹל יַתְהוֹן וְלָא שְׁלַף עוּלֵימָא חַרְבֵּיהּ אֲרֵי דָחִיל אֲרֵי עַד כְּעַן יָנִיק: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And he said unto Jether his first-born: 'Up, and slay them.' But the youth drew not his sword; for he feared, because he was yet a youth.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.244/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JDG:229`. - ← previous: [Judges 8:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.8.19/) - next →: [Judges 8:21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.8.21/) - ↑ back to [Judges 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/8/)