--- title: Judges 9:28 — And Gaal the son of Ebed said: 'Who is Abimelech, and who is Shechem… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And Gaal the son of Ebed said: 'Who is Abimelech, and who is Shechem, that we should serve him? is not he the son of Jerubbaal? and Zebul his officer? serve ye the men of Hamor the father of Shechem; but why should we serve him? Who acts: Gaal, Abimelech, we, ye. Judges 9:28 in Hebrew with its depen --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.9.28/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Judges](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/) / [chapter 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/9/) / 9:28 # Judges 9:28 שֹׁפְטִים **Who acts:** Gaal, Abimelech, we, ye · **What happens:** say, be, serve, not be · **To what, where:** Abimelech, Shechem, Gaal, son, men · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Judges 9:28 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Gaal, Abimelech, we, ye — and what happens in the verse to Abimelech, Shechem, Gaal, son, men, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 21 chapters of Judges on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ׀ גַּ֣עַל בֶּן־עֶ֗בֶד מִֽי־אֲבִימֶ֤לֶךְ וּמִֽי־שְׁכֶם֙ כִּ֣י נַעַבְדֶ֔נּוּ הֲלֹ֥א בֶן־יְרֻבַּ֖עַל וּזְבֻ֣ל פְּקִיד֑וֹ עִבְד֗וּ אֶת־אַנְשֵׁ֤י חֲמוֹר֙ אֲבִ֣י שְׁכֶ֔ם וּמַדּ֖וּעַ נַעַבְדֶ֥נּוּ אֲנָֽחְנוּ׃ [And Gaal the son of Ebed said: 'Who is Abimelech, and who is Shechem, that we should serve him? is not he the son of Jerubbaal? and Zebul his officer? serve ye the men of Hamor the father of Shechem; but why should we serve him?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.288/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JDG:272 # text = וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ׀ גַּ֣עַל בֶּן־עֶ֗בֶד מִֽי־אֲבִימֶ֤לֶךְ וּמִֽי־שְׁכֶם֙ כִּ֣י נַעַבְדֶ֔נּוּ הֲלֹ֥א בֶן־יְרֻבַּ֖עַל וּזְבֻ֣ל פְּקִיד֑וֹ עִבְד֗וּ אֶת־אַנְשֵׁ֤י חֲמוֹר֙ אֲבִ֣י שְׁכֶ֔ם וּמַדּ֖וּעַ נַעַבְדֶ֥נּוּ אֲנָֽחְנוּ׃ # verse = JDG.9.28 1-2 וַיֹּ֣אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_9:28!1|MId=o070090280011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּ֣אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=JDG_9:28!1|MId=o070090280012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:070090280021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 2 punct _ Ref=JDG_9:28!1 4 גַּ֣עַל גַּעַל PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Gaal|Ref=JDG_9:28!2|MId=o070090280021|Strong=1603 5 בֶּן־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 appos _ Gloss=the.son|Ref=JDG_9:28!3|MId=o070090280031|Strong=1121|SpaceAfter=No 6 עֶ֗בֶד עֶבֶד PROPN _ _ 5 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Ebed|Ref=JDG_9:28!4|MId=o070090280041|Strong=5651 7 מִֽי־ מִי PRON _ PronType=Int 2 ccomp _ Gloss=who?|Ref=JDG_9:28!5|MId=o070090280051|Strong=4310|Type=interrogative|SpaceAfter=No 8 אֲבִימֶ֤לֶךְ אֲבִימֶלֶךְ PROPN _ _ 7 nsubj _ Gloss=[is].Abimelech|Ref=JDG_9:28!6|MId=o070090280061|Strong=0040 9-10 וּמִֽי־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 10 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_9:28!7|MId=o070090280071|Strong=2050b 10 מִֽי־ מִי PRON _ PronType=Int 7 conj _ Gloss=who?|Ref=JDG_9:28!7|MId=o070090280072|Strong=4310|Type=interrogative 11 שְׁכֶם֙ שְׁכֶם PROPN _ _ 10 nsubj _ Gloss=[is].Shechem|Ref=JDG_9:28!8|MId=o070090280081|Strong=7927 12 כִּ֣י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 13 mark _ Gloss=(cmp)|Ref=JDG_9:28!9|MId=o070090280091|Strong=3588 13-14 נַעַבְדֶ֔נּוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 נַעַבְד עָבַד VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=1 7 parataxis _ Gloss=we|Ref=JDG_9:28!10|MId=o070090280101|Strong=5647|Frame=A0:070090280021;070090280081;A1:070090280102;|Type=yiqtol 14 ֶ֔נּוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 13 obj _ Gloss=will.serve.him|Ref=JDG_9:28!10|MId=o070090280102|Strong=5105b|Type=pronominal 15-16 הֲלֹ֥א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 הֲ הֲ PART _ _ 17 advmod _ Gloss=?|Ref=JDG_9:28!11|MId=o070090280111|Strong=1886b|Type=interrogative 16 לֹ֥א לֹא ADV _ _ 17 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=JDG_9:28!11|MId=o070090280112|Strong=3808|Type=negative 17 בֶן־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 parataxis _ Gloss=[is.he].the.son|Ref=JDG_9:28!12|MId=o070090280121|Strong=1121|SpaceAfter=No 18 יְרֻבַּ֖עַל יְרֻבַּעַל PROPN _ _ 17 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Jerub-Baal|Ref=JDG_9:28!13|MId=o070090280131|Strong=3378 19-20 וּזְבֻ֣ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 21 cc _ Gloss=and.[is]|Ref=JDG_9:28!14|MId=o070090280141|Strong=2050b 20 זְבֻ֣ל זְבֻל PROPN _ _ 21 nsubj _ Gloss=Zebul?|Ref=JDG_9:28!14|MId=o070090280142|Strong=2083 21-22 פְּקִיד֑וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 פְּקִיד פָּקִיד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 conj _ Gloss=deputy|Ref=JDG_9:28!15|MId=o070090280151|Strong=6496 22 ֑וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 21 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=JDG_9:28!15|MId=o070090280152|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 23 עִבְד֗וּ עָבַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 7 parataxis _ Gloss=serve|Ref=JDG_9:28!16|MId=o070090280161|Strong=5647|Frame=A0:070090280081;A1:070090280181;|Type=imperative 24 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JDG_9:28!17|MId=o070090280171|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 25 אַנְשֵׁ֤י אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 23 obj _ Gloss=the.men|Ref=JDG_9:28!18|MId=o070090280181|Strong=0376 26 חֲמוֹר֙ חֲמוֹר PROPN _ _ 25 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Hamor|Ref=JDG_9:28!19|MId=o070090280191|Strong=2544 27 אֲבִ֣י אָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 26 appos _ Gloss=the.father|Ref=JDG_9:28!20|MId=o070090280201|Strong=0001 28 שְׁכֶ֔ם שְׁכֶם PROPN _ _ 27 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Shechem|Ref=JDG_9:28!21|MId=o070090280211|Strong=7927 29-30 וּמַדּ֖וּעַ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 31 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_9:28!22|MId=o070090280221|Strong=2050b 30 מַדּ֖וּעַ מַדּוּעַ ADV _ _ 31 advmod _ Gloss=why?|Ref=JDG_9:28!22|MId=o070090280222|Strong=4069|Type=interrogative 31-32 נַעַבְדֶ֥נּוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 נַעַבְד עָבַד VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=1 7 conj _ Gloss=will|Ref=JDG_9:28!23|MId=o070090280231|Strong=5647|Frame=A1:070090280232;A0:070090280241;|Type=yiqtol 32 ֶ֥נּוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 31 obj _ Gloss=we.serve.him|Ref=JDG_9:28!23|MId=o070090280232|Strong=5105b|Type=pronominal 33 אֲנָֽחְנוּ אֲנַחְנוּ PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 31 nsubj _ Gloss=we|Ref=JDG_9:28!24|MId=o070090280241|Strong=0587|Type=personal|SpaceAfter=No 34 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 33 punct _ Ref=JDG_9:28!24 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: wh-question - act: ask - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | גַּעַל *Gaal* | | | | | נַעַבְד *we* | yiqtol · qal | גַּעַל *Gaal* + שְׁכֶם *\[is\] Shechem* | ֶנּוּ *will serve him* | | | | עִבְדוּ *serve* | imperative · qal | שְׁכֶם *\[is\] Shechem* | אַנְשֵׁי *the men* | | | | נַעַבְד *will* | yiqtol · qal | אֲנָֽחְנוּ *we* | ֶנּוּ *we serve him* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲמַר גַעַל בַּר עֶבֶד מַן אֲבִימֶלֶךְ וּמַן שְׁכֶם אֲרֵי נִפְלְחִנֵיהּ הֲלָא בַּר יְרוּבַּעַל וּזְבֻל שׁוּלְטְנֵיהּ פְּלַחוּ יַת אֱנָשֵׁי חֲמוֹר אֲבוּהִי דִשְׁכֶם וּמָא דֵין נִפְלְחִנֵיהּ אֲנַחְנָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And Gaal the son of Ebed said: 'Who is Abimelech, and who is Shechem, that we should serve him? is not he the son of Jerubbaal? and Zebul his officer? serve ye the men of Hamor the father of Shechem; but why should we serve him?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.288/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JDG:272`. - ← previous: [Judges 9:27](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.9.27/) - next →: [Judges 9:29](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.9.29/) - ↑ back to [Judges 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/9/)