--- title: Judges 9:36 — And when Gaal saw the people, he said to Zebul: 'Behold, there come… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And when Gaal saw the people, he said to Zebul: 'Behold, there come people down from the tops of the mountains.' And Zebul said unto him: 'Thou seest the shadow of the mountains as if they were men.' Who acts: Gaal, people, Zebul, Thou. Judges 9:36 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.9.36/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Judges](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/) / [chapter 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/9/) / 9:36 # Judges 9:36 שֹׁפְטִים **Who acts:** Gaal, people, Zebul, Thou · **What happens:** see, say, come down, be, shadow · **To what, where:** people, Zebul, tops, shadow, men, mountains · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Judges 9:36 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Gaal, people, Zebul, Thou — and what happens in the verse to people, Zebul, tops, shadow, men, mountains, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 21 chapters of Judges on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיַּרְא־גַּעַל֮ אֶת־הָעָם֒ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֶל־זְבֻ֔ל הִנֵּה־עָ֣ם יוֹרֵ֔ד מֵרָאשֵׁ֖י הֶהָרִ֑ים וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֵלָיו֙ זְבֻ֔ל אֵ֣ת צֵ֧ל הֶהָרִ֛ים אַתָּ֥ה רֹאֶ֖ה כָּאֲנָשִֽׁים׃ס [And when Gaal saw the people, he said to Zebul: 'Behold, there come people down from the tops of the mountains.' And Zebul said unto him: 'Thou seest the shadow of the mountains as if they were men.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.296/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JDG:280 # text = וַיַּרְא־גַּעַל֮ אֶת־הָעָם֒ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֶל־זְבֻ֔ל הִנֵּה־עָ֣ם יוֹרֵ֔ד מֵרָאשֵׁ֖י הֶהָרִ֑ים וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֵלָיו֙ זְבֻ֔ל אֵ֣ת צֵ֧ל הֶהָרִ֛ים אַתָּ֥ה רֹאֶ֖ה כָּאֲנָשִֽׁים׃ס # verse = JDG.9.36 1-2 וַיַּרְא־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_9:36!1|MId=o070090360011|Strong=2050b 2 יַּרְא־ רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.saw|Ref=JDG_9:36!1|MId=o070090360012|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:070090360021;A1:070090360042;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 גַּעַל֮ גַּעַל PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Gaal|Ref=JDG_9:36!2|MId=o070090360021|Strong=1603 4 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JDG_9:36!3|MId=o070090360031|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 5-6 הָעָם֒ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 6 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JDG_9:36!4|MId=o070090360041|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 6 עָם֒ עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obj _ Gloss=people|Ref=JDG_9:36!4|MId=o070090360042|Strong=5971 7-8 וַיֹּ֣אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_9:36!5|MId=o070090360051|Strong=2050b 8 יֹּ֣אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=JDG_9:36!5|MId=o070090360052|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:070090360021;|Type=wayyiqtol 9 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JDG_9:36!6|MId=o070090360061|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 10 זְבֻ֔ל זְבֻל PROPN _ _ 8 obl _ Gloss=Zebul|Ref=JDG_9:36!7|MId=o070090360071|Strong=2083 11 הִנֵּה־ הִנֵּה INTJ _ _ 13 discourse _ Gloss=there!|Ref=JDG_9:36!8|MId=o070090360081|Strong=2009|Type=demonstrative|SpaceAfter=No 12 עָ֣ם עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 13 nsubj _ Gloss=a.people|Ref=JDG_9:36!9|MId=o070090360091|Strong=5971 13 יוֹרֵ֔ד יָרַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 8 ccomp _ Gloss=[is].coming.down|Ref=JDG_9:36!10|MId=o070090360101|Strong=3381|Frame=A0:070090360091;|Type=participle_active 14-15 מֵרָאשֵׁ֖י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=JDG_9:36!11|MId=o070090360111|Strong=4480 15 רָאשֵׁ֖י רֹאשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 13 obl _ Gloss=the.tops|Ref=JDG_9:36!11|MId=o070090360112|Strong=7218 16-17 הֶהָרִ֑ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 הֶ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 17 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=JDG_9:36!12|MId=o070090360121|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 17 הָרִ֑ים הַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 15 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.mountains|Ref=JDG_9:36!12|MId=o070090360122|Strong=2022 18-19 וַיֹּ֤אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 19 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_9:36!13|MId=o070090360131|Strong=2050b 19 יֹּ֤אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=JDG_9:36!13|MId=o070090360132|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:070090360151;|Type=wayyiqtol 20-21 אֵלָיו֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 אֵלָי אֶל ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JDG_9:36!14|MId=o070090360141|Strong=0413 21 ו֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 19 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=JDG_9:36!14|MId=o070090360142|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 22 זְבֻ֔ל זְבֻל PROPN _ _ 19 nsubj _ Gloss=Zebul|Ref=JDG_9:36!15|MId=o070090360151|Strong=2083 23 אֵ֣ת אֵת ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JDG_9:36!16|MId=o070090360161|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 24 צֵ֧ל צֵל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 28 obj _ Gloss=the.shadow|Ref=JDG_9:36!17|MId=o070090360171|Strong=6738 25-26 הֶהָרִ֛ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 הֶ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 26 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=JDG_9:36!18|MId=o070090360181|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 26 הָרִ֛ים הַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 24 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.mountains|Ref=JDG_9:36!18|MId=o070090360182|Strong=2022 27 אַתָּ֥ה אַתָּה PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 28 nsubj _ Gloss=you|Ref=JDG_9:36!19|MId=o070090360191|Strong=0859|Type=personal 28 רֹאֶ֖ה רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 19 ccomp _ Gloss=[are].seeing|Ref=JDG_9:36!20|MId=o070090360201|Strong=7200|Frame=A1:070090360171;A0:070090360191;|Type=participle_active 29-31 כָּאֲנָשִֽׁים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 כָּ כְּ ADP _ _ 31 case _ Gloss=like|Ref=JDG_9:36!21|MId=o070090360211|Strong=3509a 30 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 31 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JDG_9:36!21|MId=o070090360211ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 31 אֲנָשִֽׁים אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 28 obl _ Gloss=men|Ref=JDG_9:36!21|MId=o070090360212|Strong=0376 32 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 31 punct _ Ref=JDG_9:36!21|SpaceAfter=No 33 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 31 punct _ Ref=JDG_9:36!21 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יַּרְא־ *he saw* | wayyiqtol · qal | גַּעַל *Gaal* | עָם *people* | | | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | גַּעַל *Gaal* | | | | | יוֹרֵד *\[is\] coming down* | participle active · qal | עָם *a people* | | | | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | זְבֻל *Zebul* | | | | | רֹאֶה *\[are\] seeing* | participle active · qal | אַתָּה *you* | צֵל *the shadow* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַחֲזָא גַעַל יַת עַמָא וַאֲמַר לִזְבוּל הָא עַמָא נָחִית מֵרֵישֵׁי טוּרַיָא וַאֲמַר לֵיהּ זְבוּל יַת טוּלָא דְטוּרַיָא אַתְּ חָזֵי כְּגַבְרַיָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And when Gaal saw the people, he said to Zebul: 'Behold, there come people down from the tops of the mountains.' And Zebul said unto him: 'Thou seest the shadow of the mountains as if they were men.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.296/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JDG:280`. - ← previous: [Judges 9:35](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.9.35/) - next →: [Judges 9:37](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.9.37/) - ↑ back to [Judges 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/9/)