--- title: Judges 9:43 — And he took the people, and divided them into three companies, and l… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And he took the people, and divided them into three companies, and lay in wait in the field; and he looked, and, behold, the people were coming forth out of the city; and he rose up against them, and smote them. Who acts: Abimelech, people. Judges 9:43 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jona --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.9.43/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Judges](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/) / [chapter 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/9/) / 9:43 # Judges 9:43 שֹׁפְטִים **Who acts:** Abimelech, people · **What happens:** take, divide, lie, look, come out, rise up · **To what, where:** people, three companies, wait This is Judges 9:43 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Abimelech, people — and what happens in the verse to people, three companies, wait, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 21 chapters of Judges on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיִּקַּ֣ח אֶת־הָעָ֗ם וַֽיֶּחֱצֵם֙ לִשְׁלֹשָׁ֣ה רָאשִׁ֔ים וַיֶּאֱרֹ֖ב בַּשָּׂדֶ֑ה וַיַּ֗רְא וְהִנֵּ֤ה הָעָם֙ יֹצֵ֣א מִן־הָעִ֔יר וַיָּ֥קָם עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם וַיַּכֵּֽם׃ [And he took the people, and divided them into three companies, and lay in wait in the field; and he looked, and, behold, the people were coming forth out of the city; and he rose up against them, and smote them.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.303/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JDG:287 # text = וַיִּקַּ֣ח אֶת־הָעָ֗ם וַֽיֶּחֱצֵם֙ לִשְׁלֹשָׁ֣ה רָאשִׁ֔ים וַיֶּאֱרֹ֖ב בַּשָּׂדֶ֑ה וַיַּ֗רְא וְהִנֵּ֤ה הָעָם֙ יֹצֵ֣א מִן־הָעִ֔יר וַיָּ֥קָם עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם וַיַּכֵּֽם׃ # verse = JDG.9.43 1-2 וַיִּקַּ֣ח _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_9:43!1|MId=o070090430011|Strong=2050b 2 יִּקַּ֣ח לָקַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.took|Ref=JDG_9:43!1|MId=o070090430012|Strong=3947|Frame=A0:070090420072;A1:070090430032;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JDG_9:43!2|MId=o070090430021|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 4-5 הָעָ֗ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 5 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JDG_9:43!3|MId=o070090430031|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 5 עָ֗ם עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obj _ Gloss=people|Ref=JDG_9:43!3|MId=o070090430032|Strong=5971 6-8 וַֽיֶּחֱצֵם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 וַֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 7 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_9:43!4|MId=o070090430041|Strong=2050b 7 יֶּחֱצ חָצָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he|Ref=JDG_9:43!4|MId=o070090430042|Strong=2673|Frame=A0:070090420072;A1:070090430043;|Type=wayyiqtol 8 ֵם֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 7 obj _ Gloss=divided.them|Ref=JDG_9:43!4|MId=o070090430043|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 9-10 לִשְׁלֹשָׁ֣ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=into|Ref=JDG_9:43!5|MId=o070090430051|Strong=3807a 10 שְׁלֹשָׁ֣ה שָׁלֹשׁ NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 nummod _ Gloss=three|Ref=JDG_9:43!5|MId=o070090430052|Strong=7969|Type=cardinal_number 11 רָאשִׁ֔ים רֹאשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 7 obl _ Gloss=companies|Ref=JDG_9:43!6|MId=o070090430061|Strong=7218 12-13 וַיֶּאֱרֹ֖ב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_9:43!7|MId=o070090430071|Strong=2050b 13 יֶּאֱרֹ֖ב אָרַב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.lay.in.wait|Ref=JDG_9:43!7|MId=o070090430072|Strong=0693|Frame=A0:070090420072;|Type=wayyiqtol 14-16 בַּשָּׂדֶ֑ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=JDG_9:43!8|MId=o070090430081|Strong=0871a 15 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 16 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JDG_9:43!8|MId=o070090430081ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 16 שָּׂדֶ֑ה שָׂדֶה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 13 obl _ Gloss=field|Ref=JDG_9:43!8|MId=o070090430082|Strong=7704 17-18 וַיַּ֗רְא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 18 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_9:43!9|MId=o070090430091|Strong=2050b 18 יַּ֗רְא רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.saw|Ref=JDG_9:43!9|MId=o070090430092|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:070090420072;|Type=wayyiqtol 19-20 וְהִנֵּ֤ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 23 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_9:43!10|MId=o070090430101|Strong=2050b 20 הִנֵּ֤ה הִנֵּה INTJ _ _ 23 discourse _ Gloss=there!|Ref=JDG_9:43!10|MId=o070090430102|Strong=2009|Type=demonstrative 21-22 הָעָם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 22 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JDG_9:43!11|MId=o070090430111|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 22 עָם֙ עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 23 nsubj _ Gloss=people|Ref=JDG_9:43!11|MId=o070090430112|Strong=5971 23 יֹצֵ֣א יָצָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 2 conj _ Gloss=[was].going.out|Ref=JDG_9:43!12|MId=o070090430121|Strong=3318|Frame=A0:070090430112;|Type=participle_active 24 מִן־ מִן ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=JDG_9:43!13|MId=o070090430131|Strong=4480|SpaceAfter=No 25-26 הָעִ֔יר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 26 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JDG_9:43!14|MId=o070090430141|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 26 עִ֔יר עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 23 obl _ Gloss=city|Ref=JDG_9:43!14|MId=o070090430142|Strong=5892 27-28 וַיָּ֥קָם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 28 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_9:43!15|MId=o070090430151|Strong=2050b 28 יָּ֥קָם קוּם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.rose.up|Ref=JDG_9:43!15|MId=o070090430152|Strong=6965|Frame=A0:070090420072;|Type=wayyiqtol 29-30 עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 עֲלֵי עַל ADP _ _ 30 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=JDG_9:43!16|MId=o070090430161|Strong=5921 30 הֶ֖ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 28 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=JDG_9:43!16|MId=o070090430162|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 31-33 וַיַּכֵּֽם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 32 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_9:43!17|MId=o070090430171|Strong=2050b 32 יַּכּ נָכָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he|Ref=JDG_9:43!17|MId=o070090430172|Strong=5221|Frame=AA:070090420072;A0:070090430173;|Type=wayyiqtol 33 ֵֽם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 32 obj _ Gloss=attacked.them|Ref=JDG_9:43!17|MId=o070090430173|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 34 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 33 punct _ Ref=JDG_9:43!17 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִּקַּח *he took* | wayyiqtol · qal | | עָם *people* | | | | יֶּחֱצ *he* | wayyiqtol · qal | | ֵם *divided them* | | | | יֶּאֱרֹב *he lay in wait* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | יַּרְא *he saw* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | יֹצֵא *\[was\] going out* | participle active · qal | עָם *people* | | | | | יָּקָם *he rose up* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | יַּכּ *he* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | ֵֽם *attacked them* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְדַבֵּר יַת עַמָא וּפַלְגִנוּן לִתְלַת מַשִׁרְיָן וּכְמַן בְּחַקְלָא וַחֲזָא וְהָא עַמָא נָפֵיק מִן קַרְתָּא וְקָם עֲלֵיהוֹן וּמְחָנוּן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And he took the people, and divided them into three companies, and lay in wait in the field; and he looked, and, behold, the people were coming forth out of the city; and he rose up against them, and smote them.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.303/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JDG:287`. - ← previous: [Judges 9:42](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.9.42/) - next →: [Judges 9:44](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.9.44/) - ↑ back to [Judges 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/9/)