--- title: Judges 9:44 — And Abimelech, and the companies that were with him, rushed forward,… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And Abimelech, and the companies that were with him, rushed forward, and stood in the entrance of the gate of the city; and the two companies rushed upon all that were in the field, and smote them. Who acts: Abimelech, two companies. Judges 9:44 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, J --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.9.44/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Judges](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/) / [chapter 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/9/) / 9:44 # Judges 9:44 שֹׁפְטִים **Who acts:** Abimelech, two companies · **What happens:** rush, stand, be, smote · **To what, where:** entrance, all, field, companies This is Judges 9:44 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Abimelech, two companies — and what happens in the verse to entrance, all, field, companies, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 21 chapters of Judges on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַאֲבִימֶ֗לֶךְ וְהָרָאשִׁים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עִמּ֔וֹ פָּשְׁט֕וּ וַיַּ֣עַמְד֔וּ פֶּ֖תַח שַׁ֣עַר הָעִ֑יר וּשְׁנֵ֣י הָֽרָאשִׁ֗ים פָּֽשְׁט֛וּ עַֽל־כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר בַּשָּׂדֶ֖ה וַיַּכּֽוּם׃ [And Abimelech, and the companies that were with him, rushed forward, and stood in the entrance of the gate of the city; and the two companies rushed upon all that were in the field, and smote them.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.304/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JDG:288 # text = וַאֲבִימֶ֗לֶךְ וְהָרָאשִׁים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עִמּ֔וֹ פָּשְׁט֕וּ וַיַּ֣עַמְד֔וּ פֶּ֖תַח שַׁ֣עַר הָעִ֑יר וּשְׁנֵ֣י הָֽרָאשִׁ֗ים פָּֽשְׁט֛וּ עַֽל־כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר בַּשָּׂדֶ֖ה וַיַּכּֽוּם׃ # verse = JDG.9.44 1-2 וַאֲבִימֶ֗לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_9:44!1|MId=o070090440011|Strong=2050b 2 אֲבִימֶ֗לֶךְ אֲבִימֶלֶךְ PROPN _ _ 9 nsubj _ Gloss=Abimelech|Ref=JDG_9:44!1|MId=o070090440012|Strong=0040 3-5 וְהָרָאשִׁים֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 5 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_9:44!2|MId=o070090440021|Strong=2050b 4 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 5 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JDG_9:44!2|MId=o070090440022|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 5 רָאשִׁים֙ רֹאשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 conj _ Gloss=companies|Ref=JDG_9:44!2|MId=o070090440023|Strong=7218 6 אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 8 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=JDG_9:44!3|MId=o070090440031|Strong=0834|Type=relative 7-8 עִמּ֔וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 עִמּ עִם ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=[were].with|Ref=JDG_9:44!4|MId=o070090440041|Strong=5973 8 ֔וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 5 acl:relcl _ Gloss=him|Ref=JDG_9:44!4|MId=o070090440042|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 9 פָּשְׁט֕וּ פָּשַׁט VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.made.a.raid|Ref=JDG_9:44!5|MId=o070090440051|Strong=6584|Frame=A0:070090440012;070090440023;|Type=qatal 10-11 וַיַּ֣עַמְד֔וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 11 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_9:44!6|MId=o070090440061|Strong=2050b 11 יַּ֣עַמְד֔וּ עָמַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 9 conj _ Gloss=they.stood|Ref=JDG_9:44!6|MId=o070090440062|Strong=5975|Frame=A0:070090440012;070090440023;|Type=wayyiqtol 12 פֶּ֖תַח פֶּתַח NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 obl _ Gloss=the.entrance|Ref=JDG_9:44!7|MId=o070090440071|Strong=6607 13 שַׁ֣עַר שַׁעַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.the.gate|Ref=JDG_9:44!8|MId=o070090440081|Strong=8179 14-15 הָעִ֑יר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 15 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=JDG_9:44!9|MId=o070090440091|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 15 עִ֑יר עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 13 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.city|Ref=JDG_9:44!9|MId=o070090440092|Strong=5892 16-17 וּשְׁנֵ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 20 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_9:44!10|MId=o070090440101|Strong=2050b 17 שְׁנֵ֣י שְׁנַיִם NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Dual 19 nummod _ Gloss=the.two|Ref=JDG_9:44!10|MId=o070090440102|Strong=8147|Type=cardinal_number 18-19 הָֽרָאשִׁ֗ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 הָֽ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 19 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JDG_9:44!11|MId=o070090440111|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 19 רָאשִׁ֗ים רֹאשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 20 nsubj _ Gloss=companies|Ref=JDG_9:44!11|MId=o070090440112|Strong=7218 20 פָּֽשְׁט֛וּ פָּשַׁט VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 9 conj _ Gloss=they.made.a.raid|Ref=JDG_9:44!12|MId=o070090440121|Strong=6584|Frame=A0:070090440112;|Type=qatal 21 עַֽל־ עַל ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=JDG_9:44!13|MId=o070090440131|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 22 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 obl _ Gloss=all|Ref=JDG_9:44!14|MId=o070090440141|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 23 אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 26 mark _ Gloss=[those].who|Ref=JDG_9:44!15|MId=o070090440151|Strong=0834|Type=relative 24-26 בַּשָּׂדֶ֖ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=[were].in|Ref=JDG_9:44!16|MId=o070090440161|Strong=0871a 25 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 26 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JDG_9:44!16|MId=o070090440161ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 26 שָּׂדֶ֖ה שָׂדֶה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 22 acl:relcl _ Gloss=field|Ref=JDG_9:44!16|MId=o070090440162|Strong=7704 27-29 וַיַּכּֽוּם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 28 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_9:44!17|MId=o070090440171|Strong=2050b 28 יַּכּֽוּ נָכָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=3 9 conj _ Gloss=they|Ref=JDG_9:44!17|MId=o070090440172|Strong=5221|Frame=AA:070090440112;A0:070090440173;|Type=wayyiqtol 29 ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 28 obj _ Gloss=attacked.them|Ref=JDG_9:44!17|MId=o070090440173|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 30 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 29 punct _ Ref=JDG_9:44!17 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | פָּשְׁטוּ *they made a raid* | qatal · qal | אֲבִימֶלֶךְ *Abimelech* + רָאשִׁים *companies* | | | | | יַּעַמְדוּ *they stood* | wayyiqtol · qal | אֲבִימֶלֶךְ *Abimelech* + רָאשִׁים *companies* | | | | | פָּֽשְׁטוּ *they made a raid* | qatal · qal | רָאשִׁים *companies* | | | | | יַּכּֽוּ *they* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | ם *attacked them* | | | רָאשִׁים *companies* | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲבִימֶלֶךְ וְכָל מַשִׁרְיָן דְעִמֵיהּ אִתְנְגִידוּ וְקָמוּ בְּמַעֲלָנָא דִתְרַע קַרְתָּא וְתַרְתֵּין מַשִׁרְיָן אִתְנְגִידוּ עַל כָּל דִי בְחַקְלָא וְקַטְלוּנוּן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And Abimelech, and the companies that were with him, rushed forward, and stood in the entrance of the gate of the city; and the two companies rushed upon all that were in the field, and smote them.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.304/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JDG:288`. - ← previous: [Judges 9:43](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.9.43/) - next →: [Judges 9:45](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.9.45/) - ↑ back to [Judges 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/9/)