--- title: Judges 9:45 — And Abimelech fought against the city all that day; and he took the… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And Abimelech fought against the city all that day; and he took the city, and slew the people that were therein; and he beat down the city, and sowed it with salt. Who acts: Abimelech, people. Judges 9:45 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every claus --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.9.45/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Judges](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/) / [chapter 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/9/) / 9:45 # Judges 9:45 שֹׁפְטִים **Who acts:** Abimelech, people · **What happens:** fight, take, slay, be, beat down, sow · **To what, where:** city, people This is Judges 9:45 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Abimelech, people — and what happens in the verse to city, people, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 21 chapters of Judges on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַאֲבִימֶ֜לֶךְ נִלְחָ֣ם בָּעִ֗יר כֹּ֚ל הַיּ֣וֹם הַה֔וּא וַיִּלְכֹּד֙ אֶת־הָעִ֔יר וְאֶת־הָעָ֥ם אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֖הּ הָרָ֑ג וַיִּתֹּץ֙ אֶת־הָעִ֔יר וַיִּזְרָעֶ֖הָ מֶֽלַח׃פ [And Abimelech fought against the city all that day; and he took the city, and slew the people that were therein; and he beat down the city, and sowed it with salt.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.305/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JDG:289 # text = וַאֲבִימֶ֜לֶךְ נִלְחָ֣ם בָּעִ֗יר כֹּ֚ל הַיּ֣וֹם הַה֔וּא וַיִּלְכֹּד֙ אֶת־הָעִ֔יר וְאֶת־הָעָ֥ם אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֖הּ הָרָ֑ג וַיִּתֹּץ֙ אֶת־הָעִ֔יר וַיִּזְרָעֶ֖הָ מֶֽלַח׃פ # verse = JDG.9.45 1-2 וַאֲבִימֶ֜לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 3 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_9:45!1|MId=o070090450011|Strong=2050b 2 אֲבִימֶ֜לֶךְ אֲבִימֶלֶךְ PROPN _ _ 3 nsubj _ Gloss=Abimelech|Ref=JDG_9:45!1|MId=o070090450012|Strong=0040 3 נִלְחָ֣ם לָחַם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing 0 root _ Gloss=[was].fighting|Ref=JDG_9:45!2|MId=o070090450021|Strong=3898|Frame=A0:070090450012;|Type=participle_active 4-6 בָּעִ֗יר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 בָּ בְּ ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=against|Ref=JDG_9:45!3|MId=o070090450031|Strong=0871a 5 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 6 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JDG_9:45!3|MId=o070090450031ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 6 עִ֗יר עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 3 obl _ Gloss=city|Ref=JDG_9:45!3|MId=o070090450032|Strong=5892 7 כֹּ֚ל כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 obl _ Gloss=all|Ref=JDG_9:45!4|MId=o070090450041|Strong=3605 8-9 הַיּ֣וֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 9 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JDG_9:45!5|MId=o070090450051|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 9 יּ֣וֹם יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 compound:smixut _ Gloss=day|Ref=JDG_9:45!5|MId=o070090450052|Strong=3117 10-11 הַה֔וּא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 11 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JDG_9:45!6|MId=o070090450061|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 11 ה֔וּא הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 9 det _ Gloss=that|Ref=JDG_9:45!6|MId=o070090450062|Strong=1931|Type=personal 12-13 וַיִּלְכֹּד֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_9:45!7|MId=o070090450071|Strong=2050b 13 יִּלְכֹּד֙ לָכַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=he.captured|Ref=JDG_9:45!7|MId=o070090450072|Strong=3920|Frame=A0:070090450012;A1:070090450092;|Type=wayyiqtol 14 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JDG_9:45!8|MId=o070090450081|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 15-16 הָעִ֔יר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 16 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JDG_9:45!9|MId=o070090450091|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 16 עִ֔יר עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 13 obj _ Gloss=city|Ref=JDG_9:45!9|MId=o070090450092|Strong=5892 17-18 וְאֶת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 24 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_9:45!10|MId=o070090450101|Strong=2050b 18 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JDG_9:45!10|MId=o070090450102|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 19-20 הָעָ֥ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 20 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JDG_9:45!11|MId=o070090450111|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 20 עָ֥ם עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 24 obj _ Gloss=people|Ref=JDG_9:45!11|MId=o070090450112|Strong=5971 21 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 23 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=JDG_9:45!12|MId=o070090450121|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 22-23 בָּ֖הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 בּ בְּ ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=[was].in|Ref=JDG_9:45!13|MId=o070090450131|Strong=0871a 23 ָ֖הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 acl:relcl _ Gloss=it|Ref=JDG_9:45!13|MId=o070090450132|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 24 הָרָ֑ג הָרַג VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=he.killed|Ref=JDG_9:45!14|MId=o070090450141|Strong=2026|Frame=A0:070090450012;A1:070090450112;|Type=qatal 25-26 וַיִּתֹּץ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 26 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_9:45!15|MId=o070090450151|Strong=2050b 26 יִּתֹּץ֙ נָתַץ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=he.pulled.down|Ref=JDG_9:45!15|MId=o070090450152|Strong=5422|Frame=A0:070090450012;A1:070090450172;|Type=wayyiqtol 27 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 29 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JDG_9:45!16|MId=o070090450161|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 28-29 הָעִ֔יר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 29 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JDG_9:45!17|MId=o070090450171|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 29 עִ֔יר עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 26 obj _ Gloss=city|Ref=JDG_9:45!17|MId=o070090450172|Strong=5892 30-32 וַיִּזְרָעֶ֖הָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 31 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_9:45!18|MId=o070090450181|Strong=2050b 31 יִּזְרָע זָרַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=he|Ref=JDG_9:45!18|MId=o070090450182|Strong=2232|Frame=A0:070090450012;A1:070090450183;|Type=wayyiqtol 32 ֶ֖הָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 31 obj _ Gloss=sowed.it|Ref=JDG_9:45!18|MId=o070090450183|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 33 מֶֽלַח מֶלַח NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 31 obl _ Gloss=salt|Ref=JDG_9:45!19|MId=o070090450191|Strong=4417|SpaceAfter=No 34 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 33 punct _ Ref=JDG_9:45!19|SpaceAfter=No 35 פ פ PUNCT _ _ 33 punct _ Ref=JDG_9:45!19 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | נִלְחָם *\[was\] fighting* | participle active · niphal | אֲבִימֶלֶךְ *Abimelech* | | | | | יִּלְכֹּד *he captured* | wayyiqtol · qal | אֲבִימֶלֶךְ *Abimelech* | עִיר *city* | | | | הָרָג *he killed* | qatal · qal | אֲבִימֶלֶךְ *Abimelech* | עָם *people* | | | | יִּתֹּץ *he pulled down* | wayyiqtol · qal | אֲבִימֶלֶךְ *Abimelech* | עִיר *city* | | | | יִּזְרָע *he* | wayyiqtol · qal | אֲבִימֶלֶךְ *Abimelech* | ֶהָ *sowed it* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲבִימֶלֶךְ אַגִיחַ קְרָבָא בְקַרְתָּא כָּל יוֹמָא הַהוּא וּכְבַשׁ יַת קַרְתָּא וְיַת עַמָא דִי בָהּ קְטַל וּתְרַע יַת קַרְתָּא וְזַרְעָה מִלְחָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And Abimelech fought against the city all that day; and he took the city, and slew the people that were therein; and he beat down the city, and sowed it with salt.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.305/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JDG:289`. - ← previous: [Judges 9:44](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.9.44/) - next →: [Judges 9:46](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.9.46/) - ↑ back to [Judges 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/9/)