--- title: Judges 9:48 — And Abimelech got him up to mount Zalmon, he and all the people that… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And Abimelech got him up to mount Zalmon, he and all the people that were with him; and Abimelech took an axe in his hand, and cut down a bough from the trees, and took it up, and laid it on his shoulder; and he said unto the people that were with him: 'What ye have seen me do, make haste, and do as --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.9.48/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Judges](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/) / [chapter 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/9/) / 9:48 # Judges 9:48 שֹׁפְטִים **Who acts:** Abimelech, people, ye, I · **What happens:** get up, mount, be, take, cut down, take up · **To what, where:** Shechem, Zalmon, axe, hand, bough, trees · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Judges 9:48 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Abimelech, people, ye, I — and what happens in the verse to Shechem, Zalmon, axe, hand, bough, trees, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 21 chapters of Judges on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיַּ֨עַל אֲבִימֶ֜לֶךְ הַר־צַלְמ֗וֹן הוּא֮ וְכָל־הָעָ֣ם אֲשֶׁר־אִתּוֹ֒ וַיִּקַּח֩ אֲבִימֶ֨לֶךְ אֶת־הַקַּרְדֻּמּ֜וֹת בְּיָד֗וֹ וַיִּכְרֹת֙ שׂוֹכַ֣ת עֵצִ֔ים וַיִּ֨שָּׂאֶ֔הָ וַיָּ֖שֶׂם עַל־שִׁכְמ֑וֹ וַיֹּ֜אמֶר אֶל־הָעָ֣ם אֲשֶׁר־עִמּ֗וֹ מָ֤ה רְאִיתֶם֙ עָשִׂ֔יתִי מַהֲר֖וּ עֲשׂ֥וּ כָמֽוֹנִי׃ [And Abimelech got him up to mount Zalmon, he and all the people that were with him; and Abimelech took an axe in his hand, and cut down a bough from the trees, and took it up, and laid it on his shoulder; and he said unto the people that were with him: 'What ye have seen me do, make haste, and do as I have done.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.308/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JDG:292 # text = וַיַּ֨עַל אֲבִימֶ֜לֶךְ הַר־צַלְמ֗וֹן הוּא֮ וְכָל־הָעָ֣ם אֲשֶׁר־אִתּוֹ֒ וַיִּקַּח֩ אֲבִימֶ֨לֶךְ אֶת־הַקַּרְדֻּמּ֜וֹת בְּיָד֗וֹ וַיִּכְרֹת֙ שׂוֹכַ֣ת עֵצִ֔ים וַיִּ֨שָּׂאֶ֔הָ וַיָּ֖שֶׂם עַל־שִׁכְמ֑וֹ וַיֹּ֜אמֶר אֶל־הָעָ֣ם אֲשֶׁר־עִמּ֗וֹ מָ֤ה רְאִיתֶם֙ עָשִׂ֔יתִי מַהֲר֖וּ עֲשׂ֥וּ כָמֽוֹנִי׃ # verse = JDG.9.48 1-2 וַיַּ֨עַל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_9:48!1|MId=o070090480011|Strong=2050b 2 יַּ֨עַל עָלָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.went.up|Ref=JDG_9:48!1|MId=o070090480012|Strong=5927|Frame=A0:070090480021;070090480072;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 אֲבִימֶ֜לֶךְ אֲבִימֶלֶךְ PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Abimelech|Ref=JDG_9:48!2|MId=o070090480021|Strong=0040 4 הַר־ הַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=the.mountain|Ref=JDG_9:48!3|MId=o070090480031|Strong=2022|SpaceAfter=No 5 צַלְמ֗וֹן צַלְמוֹן PROPN _ _ 4 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Zalmon|Ref=JDG_9:48!4|MId=o070090480041|Strong=6756a 6 הוּא֮ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 nmod:poss _ Gloss=he|Ref=JDG_9:48!5|MId=o070090480051|Strong=1931|Type=personal 7-8 וְכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_9:48!6|MId=o070090480061|Strong=2050b 8 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 conj _ Gloss=all|Ref=JDG_9:48!6|MId=o070090480062|Strong=3605 9-10 הָעָ֣ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 10 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JDG_9:48!7|MId=o070090480071|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 10 עָ֣ם עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 compound:smixut _ Gloss=people|Ref=JDG_9:48!7|MId=o070090480072|Strong=5971 11 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 13 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=JDG_9:48!8|MId=o070090480081|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 12-13 אִתּוֹ֒ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 אִתּ אֵת ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=[was].with|Ref=JDG_9:48!9|MId=o070090480091|Strong=0854 13 וֹ֒ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 8 acl:relcl _ Gloss=him|Ref=JDG_9:48!9|MId=o070090480092|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 14-15 וַיִּקַּח֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_9:48!10|MId=o070090480101|Strong=2050b 15 יִּקַּח֩ לָקַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.took|Ref=JDG_9:48!10|MId=o070090480102|Strong=3947|Frame=A0:070090480111;A1:070090480132;|Type=wayyiqtol 16 אֲבִימֶ֨לֶךְ אֲבִימֶלֶךְ PROPN _ _ 15 nsubj _ Gloss=Abimelech|Ref=JDG_9:48!11|MId=o070090480111|Strong=0040 17 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JDG_9:48!12|MId=o070090480121|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 18-19 הַקַּרְדֻּמּ֜וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 19 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JDG_9:48!13|MId=o070090480131|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 19 קַּרְדֻּמּ֜וֹת קַרְדֹּם NOUN _ Number=Plur 15 obj _ Gloss=axes|Ref=JDG_9:48!13|MId=o070090480132|Strong=7134 20-22 בְּיָד֗וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=JDG_9:48!14|MId=o070090480141|Strong=0871a 21 יָד יָד NOUN _ Number=Sing 15 obl _ Gloss=hand|Ref=JDG_9:48!14|MId=o070090480142|Strong=3027 22 ֗וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 21 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=JDG_9:48!14|MId=o070090480143|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 23-24 וַיִּכְרֹת֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 24 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_9:48!15|MId=o070090480151|Strong=2050b 24 יִּכְרֹת֙ כָּרַת VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.cut.off|Ref=JDG_9:48!15|MId=o070090480152|Strong=3772|Frame=A0:070090480111;A1:070090480161;|Type=wayyiqtol 25 שׂוֹכַ֣ת שׂוֹכָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 24 obj _ Gloss=a.branch|Ref=JDG_9:48!16|MId=o070090480161|Strong=7754a 26 עֵצִ֔ים עֵץ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 25 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.wood(s)|Ref=JDG_9:48!17|MId=o070090480171|Strong=6086 27-29 וַיִּ֨שָּׂאֶ֔הָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 28 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_9:48!18|MId=o070090480181|Strong=2050b 28 יִּ֨שָּׂא נָשָׂא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he|Ref=JDG_9:48!18|MId=o070090480182|Strong=5375|Frame=A0:070090480111;A1:070090480183;|Type=wayyiqtol 29 ֶ֔הָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 28 obj _ Gloss=lifted.it.up|Ref=JDG_9:48!18|MId=o070090480183|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 30-31 וַיָּ֖שֶׂם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 31 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_9:48!19|MId=o070090480191|Strong=2050b 31 יָּ֖שֶׂם שׂים VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.put.[it]|Ref=JDG_9:48!19|MId=o070090480192|Strong=7760|Frame=A0:070090480111;A1:070090480161;|Type=wayyiqtol 32 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 33 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=JDG_9:48!20|MId=o070090480201|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 33-34 שִׁכְמ֑וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 שִׁכְמ שְׁכֶם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 31 obl _ Gloss=shoulder|Ref=JDG_9:48!21|MId=o070090480211|Strong=7926 34 ֑וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 33 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=JDG_9:48!21|MId=o070090480212|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 35-36 וַיֹּ֜אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 36 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JDG_9:48!22|MId=o070090480221|Strong=2050b 36 יֹּ֜אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=JDG_9:48!22|MId=o070090480222|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:070090480111;|Type=wayyiqtol 37 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 39 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JDG_9:48!23|MId=o070090480231|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 38-39 הָעָ֣ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 39 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JDG_9:48!24|MId=o070090480241|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 39 עָ֣ם עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 36 obl _ Gloss=people|Ref=JDG_9:48!24|MId=o070090480242|Strong=5971 40 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 42 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=JDG_9:48!25|MId=o070090480251|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 41-42 עִמּ֗וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 עִמּ עִם ADP _ _ 42 case _ Gloss=[was].with|Ref=JDG_9:48!26|MId=o070090480261|Strong=5973 42 ֗וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 39 acl:relcl _ Gloss=him|Ref=JDG_9:48!26|MId=o070090480262|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 43 מָ֤ה מָה PRON _ PronType=Int 45 obj _ Gloss=whatever|Ref=JDG_9:48!27|MId=o070090480271|Strong=4100|Type=interrogative 44 רְאִיתֶם֙ רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 36 ccomp _ Gloss=you.have.seen|Ref=JDG_9:48!28|MId=o070090480281|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:070090480242;A1:070090480291;|Type=qatal 45 עָשִׂ֔יתִי עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 44 ccomp _ Gloss=I.have.done|Ref=JDG_9:48!29|MId=o070090480291|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:070090480111;A1:070090480271;|Type=qatal 46 מַהֲר֖וּ מָהַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Plur|Person=2 44 parataxis _ Gloss=hurry|Ref=JDG_9:48!30|MId=o070090480301|Strong=4116|Frame=A0:070090480242;|Type=imperative 47 עֲשׂ֥וּ עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 46 parataxis _ Gloss=do|Ref=JDG_9:48!31|MId=o070090480311|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:070090480242;|Type=imperative 48-49 כָמֽוֹנִי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 כָמֽוֹ כְּמוֹ ADP _ _ 49 case _ Gloss=like|Ref=JDG_9:48!32|MId=o070090480321|Strong=3644 49 נִי הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 47 obl _ Gloss=me|Ref=JDG_9:48!32|MId=o070090480322|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 50 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 49 punct _ Ref=JDG_9:48!32 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יַּעַל *he went up* | wayyiqtol · qal | אֲבִימֶלֶךְ *Abimelech* + עָם *people* | | | | | יִּקַּח *he took* | wayyiqtol · qal | אֲבִימֶלֶךְ *Abimelech* | קַּרְדֻּמּוֹת *axes* | | | | יִּכְרֹת *he cut off* | wayyiqtol · qal | אֲבִימֶלֶךְ *Abimelech* | שׂוֹכַת *a branch* | | | | יִּשָּׂא *he* | wayyiqtol · qal | אֲבִימֶלֶךְ *Abimelech* | ֶהָ *lifted it up* | | | | יָּשֶׂם *he put \[it\]* | wayyiqtol · qal | אֲבִימֶלֶךְ *Abimelech* | שׂוֹכַת *a branch* | | | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | אֲבִימֶלֶךְ *Abimelech* | | | | | רְאִיתֶם *you have seen* | qatal · qal | עָם *people* | עָשִׂיתִי *I have done* | | | | עָשִׂיתִי *I have done* | qatal · qal | אֲבִימֶלֶךְ *Abimelech* | מָה *whatever* | | | | מַהֲרוּ *hurry* | imperative · piel | עָם *people* | | | | | עֲשׂוּ *do* | imperative · qal | עָם *people* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּסְלֵיק אֲבִימֶלֶךְ לְטוּרָא דְצַלְמוֹן הוּא וְכָל עַמָא דִי עִמֵיהּ וּנְסֵיב אֲבִימֶלֶךְ יַת כּוּלְבַיָא בִּידֵיהּ וְקָץ סוֹכַת אָעִין וּנְטָלָהּ וְשַׁוֵי עַל כִּתְפוֹהִי וַאֲמַר לְעַמָא דִי עִמֵיהּ מַה חֲזֵיתוּן עַבָדִית אוֹחוּ עֲבִידוּ כְּוָתִי: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And Abimelech got him up to mount Zalmon, he and all the people that were with him; and Abimelech took an axe in his hand, and cut down a bough from the trees, and took it up, and laid it on his shoulder; and he said unto the people that were with him: 'What ye have seen me do, make haste, and do as I have done.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.308/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JDG:292`. - ← previous: [Judges 9:47](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.9.47/) - next →: [Judges 9:49](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.9.49/) - ↑ back to [Judges 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/9/)