--- title: Jeremiah 11:19 — But I was like a docile lamb that is led to the slaughter; and I kne… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: But I was like a docile lamb that is led to the slaughter; and I knew not that they had devised devices against me: 'Let us destroy the tree with the fruit thereof, and let us cut him off from the land of the living, that his name may be no more remembered.' Who acts: I, branches, us, LORD. Jeremiah --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.11.19/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Jeremiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/) / [chapter 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/11/) / 11:19 # Jeremiah 11:19 יִרְמְיָהוּ **Who acts:** I, branches, us, LORD · **What happens:** be, lead, not know, devise, let, destroy · **To what, where:** docile lamb, slaughter, devices, us, tree, LORD · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Jeremiah 11:19 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I, branches, us, LORD — and what happens in the verse to docile lamb, slaughter, devices, us, tree, LORD, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַאֲנִ֕י כְּכֶ֥בֶשׂ אַלּ֖וּף יוּבַ֣ל לִטְב֑וֹחַ וְלֹֽא־יָדַ֜עְתִּי כִּֽי־עָלַ֣י ׀ חָשְׁב֣וּ מַחֲשָׁב֗וֹת נַשְׁחִ֨יתָה עֵ֤ץ בְּלַחְמוֹ֙ וְנִכְרְתֶ֙נּוּ֙ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ חַיִּ֔ים וּשְׁמ֖וֹ לֹֽא־יִזָּכֵ֥ר עֽוֹד׃ [But I was like a docile lamb that is led to the slaughter; and I knew not that they had devised devices against me: 'Let us destroy the tree with the fruit thereof, and let us cut him off from the land of the living, that his name may be no more remembered.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.344/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JER:297 # text = וַאֲנִ֕י כְּכֶ֥בֶשׂ אַלּ֖וּף יוּבַ֣ל לִטְב֑וֹחַ וְלֹֽא־יָדַ֜עְתִּי כִּֽי־עָלַ֣י ׀ חָשְׁב֣וּ מַחֲשָׁב֗וֹת נַשְׁחִ֨יתָה עֵ֤ץ בְּלַחְמוֹ֙ וְנִכְרְתֶ֙נּוּ֙ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ חַיִּ֔ים וּשְׁמ֖וֹ לֹֽא־יִזָּכֵ֥ר עֽוֹד׃ # verse = JER.11.19 1-2 וַאֲנִ֕י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 4 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_11:19!1|MId=o240110190011|Strong=2050b 2 אֲנִ֕י אֲנִי PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 4 nsubj _ Gloss=I|Ref=JER_11:19!1|MId=o240110190012|Strong=0589|Type=personal 3-4 כְּכֶ֥בֶשׂ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 כְּ כְּ ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=[had|Ref=JER_11:19!2|MId=o240110190021|Strong=3509a 4 כֶ֥בֶשׂ כֶּבֶשׂ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 0 root _ Gloss=been].like.a.lamb|Ref=JER_11:19!2|MId=o240110190022|Strong=3532 5 אַלּ֖וּף אַלּוּף NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 appos _ Gloss=a.tame.one|Ref=JER_11:19!3|MId=o240110190031|Strong=0441a|Type=adjective 6 יוּבַ֣ל יָבַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HOPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 4 acl _ Gloss=[which].it.is.led|Ref=JER_11:19!4|MId=o240110190041|Strong=2986|Frame=A1:240110190022;|Type=yiqtol 7-8 לִטְב֑וֹחַ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JER_11:19!5|MId=o240110190051|Strong=3807a 8 טְב֑וֹחַ טָבַח VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 6 advcl _ Gloss=slaughter|Ref=JER_11:19!5|MId=o240110190052|Strong=2873|Frame=A0:;A1:240110190022;|Type=infinitive_construct 9-10 וְלֹֽא־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 11 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_11:19!6|MId=o240110190061|Strong=2050b 10 לֹֽא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 11 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=JER_11:19!6|MId=o240110190062|Strong=3808|Type=negative 11 יָדַ֜עְתִּי יָדַע VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 4 conj _ Gloss=I.knew|Ref=JER_11:19!7|MId=o240110190071|Strong=3045|Frame=A0:240110010051;A1:240110190101;|Type=qatal 12 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 16 mark _ Gloss=(dm).that|Ref=JER_11:19!8|MId=o240110190081|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 13-14 עָלַ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 עָל עַל ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=JER_11:19!9|MId=o240110190091|Strong=5921 14 ַ֣י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 16 obl _ Gloss=me|Ref=JER_11:19!9|MId=o240110190092|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 15 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 14 punct _ Ref=JER_11:19!9 16 חָשְׁב֣וּ חָשַׁב VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 11 ccomp _ Gloss=they.had.planned|Ref=JER_11:19!10|MId=o240110190101|Strong=2803|Frame=A0:240110210061;A1:240110190111;|Type=qatal 17 מַחֲשָׁב֗וֹת מַחֲשָׁבָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 16 obj _ Gloss=plans|Ref=JER_11:19!11|MId=o240110190111|Strong=4284 18 נַשְׁחִ֨יתָה שָׁחַת VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=1 4 parataxis _ Gloss=let.us.destroy|Ref=JER_11:19!12|MId=o240110190121|Strong=7843|Frame=AA:240110210061;A0:240110190131;|Type=cohortative 19 עֵ֤ץ עֵץ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 obj _ Gloss=[the].tree|Ref=JER_11:19!13|MId=o240110190131|Strong=6086 20-22 בְּלַחְמוֹ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=JER_11:19!14|MId=o240110190141|Strong=0871a 21 לַחְמ לֶחֶם NOUN _ Number=Sing 18 obl _ Gloss=bread|Ref=JER_11:19!14|MId=o240110190142|Strong=3899 22 וֹ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 21 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=JER_11:19!14|MId=o240110190143|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 23-25 וְנִכְרְתֶ֙נּוּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 24 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_11:19!15|MId=o240110190151|Strong=2050b 24 נִכְרְת כָּרַת VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=1 4 conj _ Gloss=let|Ref=JER_11:19!15|MId=o240110190152|Strong=3772|Frame=A0:240110210061;A1:240110190153;|Type=cohortative 25 ֶ֙נּוּ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 obj _ Gloss=us.cut.him.off|Ref=JER_11:19!15|MId=o240110190153|Strong=5105b|Type=pronominal 26-27 מֵאֶ֣רֶץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=from.[the]|Ref=JER_11:19!16|MId=o240110190161|Strong=4480 27 אֶ֣רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 24 obl _ Gloss=land|Ref=JER_11:19!16|MId=o240110190162|Strong=0776 28 חַיִּ֔ים חַי ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 27 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.[the].living|Ref=JER_11:19!17|MId=o240110190171|Strong=2416a|Type=adjective 29-31 וּשְׁמ֖וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 33 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_11:19!18|MId=o240110190181|Strong=2050b 30 שְׁמ שֵׁם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 33 nsubj _ Gloss=name|Ref=JER_11:19!18|MId=o240110190182|Strong=8034 31 ֖וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 30 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=JER_11:19!18|MId=o240110190183|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 32 לֹֽא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 33 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=JER_11:19!19|MId=o240110190191|Strong=3808|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 33 יִזָּכֵ֥ר זָכַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 4 conj _ Gloss=may.it.be.remembered|Ref=JER_11:19!20|MId=o240110190201|Strong=2142|Frame=A1:240110190182;|Type=yiqtol 34 עֽוֹד עוֹד ADV _ _ 33 advmod _ Gloss=again|Ref=JER_11:19!21|MId=o240110190211|Strong=5750|SpaceAfter=No 35 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 34 punct _ Ref=JER_11:19!21 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: request - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יוּבַל *\[which\] it is led* | yiqtol · hophal | | כֶבֶשׂ *been\] like a lamb* | | | | טְבוֹחַ *slaughter* | infinitive construct · qal | | כֶבֶשׂ *been\] like a lamb* | | | | **not** יָדַעְתִּי *I knew* | qatal · qal | | חָשְׁבוּ *they had planned* | | | | חָשְׁבוּ *they had planned* | qatal · qal | | מַחֲשָׁבוֹת *plans* | | | | נַשְׁחִיתָה *let us destroy* | cohortative · hiphil | עֵץ *\[the\] tree* | | | | | נִכְרְת *let* | cohortative · qal | | ֶנּוּ *us cut him off* | | | | **not** יִזָּכֵר *may it be remembered* | yiqtol · niphal | | שְׁמ *name* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲנָא כְּאִימַר בְּחִיר דִלְנִכְסְתָא מְתוּבַל וְלָא יְדָעִית אֲרֵי עֲלֵי חֲשִׁיבוּ עֶשְׁתּוֹנִין בִּישִׁין אָמְרִין נִרְמֵי סַמָא דְמוֹתָא בְּמֵיכְלֵיהּ וּנְשֵׁיצִינֵיהּ מֵאַרְעָא דְיִשְׂרָאֵל וּשְׁמֵיהּ לָא יִדְכַּר עוֹד: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [But I was like a docile lamb that is led to the slaughter; and I knew not that they had devised devices against me: 'Let us destroy the tree with the fruit thereof, and let us cut him off from the land of the living, that his name may be no more remembered.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.344/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JER:297`. - ← previous: [Jeremiah 11:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.11.18/) - next →: [Jeremiah 11:20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.11.20/) - ↑ back to [Jeremiah 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/11/)