--- title: Jeremiah 12:4 — How long shall the land mourn, and the herbs of the whole field with… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: How long shall the land mourn, and the herbs of the whole field wither? For the wickedness of them that dwell therein, the beasts are consumed, and the birds; because they said: 'He seeth not our end.' Who acts: land, herbs, wickedness, beasts. Jeremiah 12:4 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targu --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.12.4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Jeremiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/) / [chapter 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/12/) / 12:4 # Jeremiah 12:4 יִרְמְיָהוּ **Who acts:** land, herbs, wickedness, beasts · **What happens:** mourn, wither, dwell, consume, say, not see · **To what, where:** beasts, end · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Jeremiah 12:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — land, herbs, wickedness, beasts — and what happens in the verse to beasts, end, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. עַד־מָתַי֙ תֶּאֱבַ֣ל הָאָ֔רֶץ וְעֵ֥שֶׂב כָּל־הַשָּׂדֶ֖ה יִיבָ֑שׁ מֵרָעַ֣ת יֹֽשְׁבֵי־בָ֗הּ סָפְתָ֤ה בְהֵמוֹת֙ וָע֔וֹף כִּ֣י אָמְר֔וּ לֹ֥א יִרְאֶ֖ה אֶת־אַחֲרִיתֵֽנוּ׃ [How long shall the land mourn, and the herbs of the whole field wither?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.353/) [For the wickedness of them that dwell therein, the beasts are consumed, and the birds; because they said: 'He seeth not our end.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.354/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JER:305 # text = עַד־מָתַי֙ תֶּאֱבַ֣ל הָאָ֔רֶץ וְעֵ֥שֶׂב כָּל־הַשָּׂדֶ֖ה יִיבָ֑שׁ מֵרָעַ֣ת יֹֽשְׁבֵי־בָ֗הּ סָפְתָ֤ה בְהֵמוֹת֙ וָע֔וֹף כִּ֣י אָמְר֔וּ לֹ֥א יִרְאֶ֖ה אֶת־אַחֲרִיתֵֽנוּ׃ # verse = JER.12.4 1 עַד־ עַד ADP _ _ 3 obl _ Gloss=until|Ref=JER_12:4!1|MId=o240120040011|Strong=5704|SpaceAfter=No 2 מָתַי֙ מָתַי PART _ _ 1 advmod _ Gloss=when?|Ref=JER_12:4!2|MId=o240120040021|Strong=4970|Type=interrogative 3 תֶּאֱבַ֣ל אָבַל VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=will.it.dry.up|Ref=JER_12:4!3|MId=o240120040031|Strong=0056a|Frame=A0:240120040042;|Type=yiqtol 4-5 הָאָ֔רֶץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 5 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JER_12:4!4|MId=o240120040041|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 5 אָ֔רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ Gloss=land|Ref=JER_12:4!4|MId=o240120040042|Strong=0776 6-7 וְעֵ֥שֶׂב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 11 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_12:4!5|MId=o240120040051|Strong=2050b 7 עֵ֥שֶׂב עֵשֶׂב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 nsubj _ Gloss=the.vegetation|Ref=JER_12:4!5|MId=o240120040052|Strong=6212 8 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.every|Ref=JER_12:4!6|MId=o240120040061|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 9-10 הַשָּׂדֶ֖ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 10 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JER_12:4!7|MId=o240120040071|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 10 שָּׂדֶ֖ה שָׂדֶה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 compound:smixut _ Gloss=field|Ref=JER_12:4!7|MId=o240120040072|Strong=7704 11 יִיבָ֑שׁ יָבֵשׁ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=will.it.be.dried.up|Ref=JER_12:4!8|MId=o240120040081|Strong=3001|Frame=A0:240120040052;|Type=yiqtol 12-13 מֵרָעַ֣ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=from.[the]|Ref=JER_12:4!9|MId=o240120040091|Strong=4480 13 רָעַ֣ת רָעָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 17 obl _ Gloss=evil|Ref=JER_12:4!9|MId=o240120040092|Strong=7451b 14 יֹֽשְׁבֵי־ יָשַׁב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 13 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.[those.who].dwell|Ref=JER_12:4!10|MId=o240120040101|Strong=3427|Type=participle_active|SpaceAfter=No 15-16 בָ֗הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 ב בְּ ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=JER_12:4!11|MId=o240120040111|Strong=0871a 16 ָ֗הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 14 obl _ Gloss=it|Ref=JER_12:4!11|MId=o240120040112|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 17 סָפְתָ֤ה סָפָה VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 parataxis _ Gloss=it.has.dwindled.away|Ref=JER_12:4!12|MId=o240120040121|Strong=5595|Frame=A0:240120040131;240120040142;|Type=qatal 18 בְהֵמוֹת֙ בְּהֵמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 17 nsubj _ Gloss=animals|Ref=JER_12:4!13|MId=o240120040131|Strong=0929 19-20 וָע֔וֹף _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 וָ וְ CCONJ _ _ 20 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_12:4!14|MId=o240120040141|Strong=2050b 20 ע֔וֹף עוֹף NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 conj _ Gloss=bird[s]|Ref=JER_12:4!14|MId=o240120040142|Strong=5775 21 כִּ֣י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 22 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=JER_12:4!15|MId=o240120040151|Strong=3588 22 אָמְר֔וּ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 3 advcl _ Gloss=people.have.said|Ref=JER_12:4!16|MId=o240120040161|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:240120010131;240120010171;|Type=qatal 23 לֹ֥א לֹא ADV _ _ 24 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=JER_12:4!17|MId=o240120040171|Strong=3808|Type=negative 24 יִרְאֶ֖ה רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 22 ccomp _ Gloss=he.will.see|Ref=JER_12:4!18|MId=o240120040181|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:240120030021;A1:240120040201;|Type=yiqtol 25 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JER_12:4!19|MId=o240120040191|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 26-27 אַחֲרִיתֵֽנוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 אַחֲרִית אַחֲרִית NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 24 obj _ Gloss=end|Ref=JER_12:4!20|MId=o240120040201|Strong=0319 27 ֵֽנוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 26 nmod:poss _ Gloss=our|Ref=JER_12:4!20|MId=o240120040202|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 28 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 27 punct _ Ref=JER_12:4!20 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · assert · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | תֶּאֱבַל *will it dry up* | yiqtol · qal | אָרֶץ *land* | | | | | יִיבָשׁ *will it be dried up* | yiqtol · qal | עֵשֶׂב *the vegetation* | | | | | סָפְתָה *it has dwindled away* | qatal · qal | בְהֵמוֹת *animals* + עוֹף *bird\[s\]* | | | | | אָמְרוּ *people have said* | qatal · qal | | | | | | **not** יִרְאֶה *he will see* | yiqtol · qal | | אַחֲרִית *end* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} עַד אֵימָתַי תֶּחֱרוֹב אַרְעָא וְעִשְׂבָּא דְכָל חַקְלָא יִיבַשׁ מֵחוֹבֵי רַשִׁיעַיָא דְיַתְבוּן בָּהּ סַף בְּעִירָא וְעוֹפָא אֲרֵי אֲמַרוּ לָא גְלֵי קֳדָמוֹהִי סוֹפָנָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [How long shall the land mourn, and the herbs of the whole field wither?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.353/) 2. [For the wickedness of them that dwell therein, the beasts are consumed, and the birds; because they said: 'He seeth not our end.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.354/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JER:305`. - ← previous: [Jeremiah 12:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.12.3/) - next →: [Jeremiah 12:5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.12.5/) - ↑ back to [Jeremiah 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/12/)