--- title: Jeremiah 13:16 — Give glory to the LORD your God, before it grow dark, and before you… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Give glory to the LORD your God, before it grow dark, and before your feet stumble upon the mountains of twilight, and, while ye look for light, He turn it into the shadow of death, and make it gross darkness. Who acts: you, glory, feet, ye. Jeremiah 13:16 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.13.16/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Jeremiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/) / [chapter 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/13/) / 13:16 # Jeremiah 13:16 יִרְמְיָהוּ **Who acts:** you, glory, feet, ye, LORD · **What happens:** give, grow, stumble, look, turn, make · **To what, where:** glory, LORD, mountains, shadow, death This is Jeremiah 13:16 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — you, glory, feet, ye, LORD — and what happens in the verse to glory, LORD, mountains, shadow, death, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. תְּנוּ֩ לַיהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֤ם כָּבוֹד֙ בְּטֶ֣רֶם יַחְשִׁ֔ךְ וּבְטֶ֛רֶם יִֽתְנַגְּפ֥וּ רַגְלֵיכֶ֖ם עַל־הָ֣רֵי נָ֑שֶׁף וְקִוִּיתֶ֤ם לְאוֹר֙ וְשָׂמָ֣הּ לְצַלְמָ֔וֶת וְשִׁ֖ית לַעֲרָפֶֽל׃ [Give glory to the LORD your God, before it grow dark, and before your feet stumble upon the mountains of twilight, and, while ye look for light, He turn it into the shadow of death, and make it gross darkness.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.386/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JER:334 # text = תְּנוּ֩ לַיהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֤ם כָּבוֹד֙ בְּטֶ֣רֶם יַחְשִׁ֔ךְ וּבְטֶ֛רֶם יִֽתְנַגְּפ֥וּ רַגְלֵיכֶ֖ם עַל־הָ֣רֵי נָ֑שֶׁף וְקִוִּיתֶ֤ם לְאוֹר֙ וְשָׂמָ֣הּ לְצַלְמָ֔וֶת וְשִׁ֖ית לַעֲרָפֶֽל׃ # verse = JER.13.16 1 תְּנוּ֩ נָתַן VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 0 root _ Gloss=give|Ref=JER_13:16!1|MId=o240130160011|Strong=5414|Frame=A0:240130110131;240130110171;A1:240130160041;|Type=imperative 2-3 לַיהוָ֨ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 3 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JER_13:16!2|MId=o240130160021|Strong=3807a 3 יהוָ֨ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 1 obl _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=JER_13:16!2|MId=o240130160022|Strong=3068 4-5 אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֤ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 אֱלֹהֵי אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 3 appos _ Gloss=God|Ref=JER_13:16!3|MId=o240130160031|Strong=0430 5 כֶ֤ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 4 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=JER_13:16!3|MId=o240130160032|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 6 כָּבוֹד֙ כָּבוֹד NOUN _ Number=Sing 1 obj _ Gloss=glory|Ref=JER_13:16!4|MId=o240130160041|Strong=3519 7-8 בְּטֶ֣רֶם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=before|Ref=JER_13:16!5|MId=o240130160051|Strong=0871a 8 טֶ֣רֶם טֶרֶם ADV _ _ 9 nmod _ Gloss=|Ref=JER_13:16!5|MId=o240130160052|Strong=2962 9 יַחְשִׁ֔ךְ חָשַׁךְ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 1 parataxis _ Gloss=he.will.bring.darkness|Ref=JER_13:16!6|MId=o240130160061|Strong=2821|Frame=A0:240130160022;|Type=yiqtol 10-12 וּבְטֶ֛רֶם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_13:16!7|MId=o240130160071|Strong=2050b 11 בְ בְּ ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=|Ref=JER_13:16!7|MId=o240130160072|Strong=0871a 12 טֶ֛רֶם טֶרֶם ADV _ _ 13 nmod _ Gloss=before|Ref=JER_13:16!7|MId=o240130160073|Strong=2962 13 יִֽתְנַגְּפ֥וּ נָגַף VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HITHPAEL|Number=Plur|Person=3 9 conj _ Gloss=they.will.stumble|Ref=JER_13:16!8|MId=o240130160081|Strong=5062|Frame=A0:240130160091;|Type=yiqtol 14-15 רַגְלֵיכֶ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 רַגְלֵי רֶגֶל NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Dual 13 nsubj _ Gloss=feet|Ref=JER_13:16!9|MId=o240130160091|Strong=7272 15 כֶ֖ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 14 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=JER_13:16!9|MId=o240130160092|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 16 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=JER_13:16!10|MId=o240130160101|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 17 הָ֣רֵי הַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 13 obl _ Gloss=mountains|Ref=JER_13:16!11|MId=o240130160111|Strong=2022 18 נָ֑שֶׁף נֶשֶׁף NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.twilight|Ref=JER_13:16!12|MId=o240130160121|Strong=5399 19-20 וְקִוִּיתֶ֤ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 20 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_13:16!13|MId=o240130160131|Strong=2050b 20 קִוִּיתֶ֤ם קָוָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Plur|Person=2 1 conj _ Gloss=you.will.wait|Ref=JER_13:16!13|MId=o240130160132|Strong=6960|Frame=A0:240130110131;240130110171;|Type=weqatal 21-22 לְאוֹר֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=JER_13:16!14|MId=o240130160141|Strong=3807a 22 אוֹר֙ אוֹר NOUN _ Number=Sing 20 obl _ Gloss=light|Ref=JER_13:16!14|MId=o240130160142|Strong=0216 23-25 וְשָׂמָ֣הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 24 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_13:16!15|MId=o240130160151|Strong=2050b 24 שָׂמ שׂים VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 1 conj _ Gloss=he|Ref=JER_13:16!15|MId=o240130160152|Strong=7760|Frame=A0:240130160022;A1:240130160153;|Type=weqatal 25 ָ֣הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 obj _ Gloss=will.make.it|Ref=JER_13:16!15|MId=o240130160153|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 26-27 לְצַלְמָ֔וֶת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=into|Ref=JER_13:16!16|MId=o240130160161|Strong=3807a 27 צַלְמָ֔וֶת צַלְמָוֶת NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 24 obl _ Gloss=deep.darkness|Ref=JER_13:16!16|MId=o240130160162|Strong=6757 28-29 וְשִׁ֖ית _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 29 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_13:16!18|MId=o240130160181|Strong=2050b 29 שִׁ֖ית שִׁית VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 1 conj _ Gloss=to.make.[it]|Ref=JER_13:16!18|MId=o240130160182|Strong=7896|Frame=A0:240130160022;A1:240130160142;|Type=infinitive_construct 30-31 לַעֲרָפֶֽל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 31 case _ Gloss=into|Ref=JER_13:16!19|MId=o240130160191|Strong=3807a 31 עֲרָפֶֽל עֲרָפֶל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 29 obl _ Gloss=thick.darkness|Ref=JER_13:16!19|MId=o240130160192|Strong=6205 32 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 31 punct _ Ref=JER_13:16!19 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | תְּנוּ *give* | imperative · qal | | כָּבוֹד *glory* | | | | יַחְשִׁךְ *he will bring darkness* | yiqtol · hiphil | יהוָה *Yahweh* | | | | | יִֽתְנַגְּפוּ *they will stumble* | yiqtol · hithpael | רַגְלֵי *feet* | | | | | קִוִּיתֶם *you will wait* | weqatal · piel | | | | | | שָׂמ *he* | weqatal · qal | יהוָה *Yahweh* | ָהּ *will make it* | | | | שִׁית *to make \[it\]* | infinitive construct · qal | יהוָה *Yahweh* | אוֹר *light* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} הָבוּ קֳדָם יְיָ אֱלָהָכוֹן יְקָרָא עַד לָא תֵיתֵי עֲלֵיכוֹן עָקָא וּתְהוֹן דָמִין לְדִמְהַלְכִין כִּדְבְקִבְלָא וְעַד לָא יִתְנַגְפוּן רַגְלֵיכוֹן עַל טוּרֵי קָבָל וְתִסְבְּרוּן לִנְהוֹר וִיהֵי עֲלֵיכוֹן חֲשׁוֹךְ לְזֵיהוֹר וְהָא כְּדִבְקִבְלָא תְהוֹן מְהַלְכִין אַתּוּן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Give glory to the LORD your God, before it grow dark, and before your feet stumble upon the mountains of twilight, and, while ye look for light, He turn it into the shadow of death, and make it gross darkness.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.386/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JER:334`. - ← previous: [Jeremiah 13:15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.13.15/) - next →: [Jeremiah 13:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.13.17/) - ↑ back to [Jeremiah 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/13/)