--- title: Jeremiah 14:2 — Judah mourneth, and the gates thereof languish, they bow down in bla… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Judah mourneth, and the gates thereof languish, they bow down in black unto the ground; and the cry of Jerusalem is gone up. Who acts: Judah, gates, Jerusalem. Jeremiah 14:2 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.14.2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Jeremiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/) / [chapter 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/14/) / 14:2 # Jeremiah 14:2 יִרְמְיָהוּ **Who acts:** Judah, gates, Jerusalem · **What happens:** mourn, languish, bow down, go up, cry · **To what, where:** black, cry This is Jeremiah 14:2 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Judah, gates, Jerusalem — and what happens in the verse to black, cry, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. אָבְלָ֣ה יְהוּדָ֔ה וּשְׁעָרֶ֥יהָ אֻמְלְל֖וּ קָדְר֣וּ לָאָ֑רֶץ וְצִוְחַ֥ת יְרוּשָׁלִַ֖ם עָלָֽתָה׃ [Judah mourneth, and the gates thereof languish, they bow down in black unto the ground; and the cry of Jerusalem is gone up.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.403/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JER:347 # text = אָבְלָ֣ה יְהוּדָ֔ה וּשְׁעָרֶ֥יהָ אֻמְלְל֖וּ קָדְר֣וּ לָאָ֑רֶץ וְצִוְחַ֥ת יְרוּשָׁלִַ֖ם עָלָֽתָה׃ # verse = JER.14.2 1 אָבְלָ֣ה אָבַל VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.is.in.mourning|Ref=JER_14:2!1|MId=o240140020011|Strong=0056|Frame=A0:240140020021;|Type=qatal 2 יְהוּדָ֔ה יְהוּדָה PROPN _ _ 1 nsubj _ Gloss=Judah|Ref=JER_14:2!2|MId=o240140020021|Strong=3063 3-5 וּשְׁעָרֶ֥יהָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 6 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_14:2!3|MId=o240140020031|Strong=2050b 4 שְׁעָרֶ֥י שַׁעַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 6 nsubj _ Gloss=gates|Ref=JER_14:2!3|MId=o240140020032|Strong=8179 5 הָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 4 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=JER_14:2!3|MId=o240140020033|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 6 אֻמְלְל֖וּ אָמַל VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=PULAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 1 conj _ Gloss=they.are.languishing|Ref=JER_14:2!4|MId=o240140020041|Strong=0535|Frame=A0:240140020032;|Type=qatal 7 קָדְר֣וּ קָדַר VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 1 parataxis _ Gloss=they.are.in.mourning|Ref=JER_14:2!5|MId=o240140020051|Strong=6937|Frame=A0:240140020021;|Type=qatal 8-10 לָאָ֑רֶץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 לָ לְ ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JER_14:2!6|MId=o240140020061|Strong=3807a 9 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 10 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JER_14:2!6|MId=o240140020061ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 10 אָ֑רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 7 obl _ Gloss=earth|Ref=JER_14:2!6|MId=o240140020062|Strong=0776 11-12 וְצִוְחַ֥ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_14:2!7|MId=o240140020071|Strong=2050b 12 צִוְחַ֥ת צְוָחָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 14 nsubj _ Gloss=the.outcry|Ref=JER_14:2!7|MId=o240140020072|Strong=6682 13 יְרוּשָׁלִַ֖ם יְרוּשָׁלִַ͏ם PROPN _ _ 12 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Jerusalem|Ref=JER_14:2!8|MId=o240140020081|Strong=3389 14 עָלָֽתָה עָלָה VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 1 conj _ Gloss=it.has.gone.up|Ref=JER_14:2!9|MId=o240140020091|Strong=5927|Frame=A0:240140020072;|Type=qatal|SpaceAfter=No 15 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 14 punct _ Ref=JER_14:2!9 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | אָבְלָה *it is in mourning* | qatal · qal | יְהוּדָה *Judah* | | | | | אֻמְלְלוּ *they are languishing* | qatal · pulal | שְׁעָרֶי *gates* | | | | | קָדְרוּ *they are in mourning* | qatal · qal | יְהוּדָה *Judah* | | | | | עָלָֽתָה *it has gone up* | qatal · qal | צִוְחַת *the outcry* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} אִתְאַבָּלוּ דְבֵית יְהוּדָה וְקִרְוֵיהוֹן חֲרוֹבָא אִתְחַפִיאוּ אֲפֵּיהוֹן אֶכְרוֹם אוּכְמִין כְּקִדְרָא אִתְרְטִישׁוּ לְאַרְעָא וְצִוְחַת יַתְבֵי יְרוּשְׁלֵם סְלֵיקַת: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Judah mourneth, and the gates thereof languish, they bow down in black unto the ground; and the cry of Jerusalem is gone up.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.403/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JER:347`. - ← previous: [Jeremiah 14:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.14.1/) - next →: [Jeremiah 14:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.14.3/) - ↑ back to [Jeremiah 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/14/)