--- title: Jeremiah 15:8 — Their widows are increased to Me above the sand of the seas; I bring… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Their widows are increased to Me above the sand of the seas; I bring upon them, against the mother, a chosen one, even a spoiler at noonday; I cause anguish and terrors to fall upon her suddenly. Who acts: I, anguish. Jeremiah 15:8 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and th --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.15.8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Jeremiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/) / [chapter 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/15/) / 15:8 # Jeremiah 15:8 יִרְמְיָהוּ **Who acts:** I, anguish · **What happens:** increase, bring, cause, fall · **To what, where:** widows, Me, sand, anguish This is Jeremiah 15:8 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I, anguish — and what happens in the verse to widows, Me, sand, anguish, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. עָֽצְמוּ־לִ֤י אַלְמְנֹתָו֙מֵח֣וֹל יַמִּ֔ים הֵבֵ֨אתִי לָהֶ֥ם עַל־אֵ֛ם בָּח֖וּר שֹׁדֵ֣ד בַּֽצָּהֳרָ֑יִם הִפַּ֤לְתִּי עָלֶ֙יהָ֙ פִּתְאֹ֔ם עִ֖יר וּבֶהָלֽוֹת׃ [Their widows are increased to Me above the sand of the seas; I bring upon them, against the mother, a chosen one, even a spoiler at noonday; I cause anguish and terrors to fall upon her suddenly.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.441/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JER:375 # text = עָֽצְמוּ־לִ֤י אַלְמְנֹתָו֙מֵח֣וֹל יַמִּ֔ים הֵבֵ֨אתִי לָהֶ֥ם עַל־אֵ֛ם בָּח֖וּר שֹׁדֵ֣ד בַּֽצָּהֳרָ֑יִם הִפַּ֤לְתִּי עָלֶ֙יהָ֙ פִּתְאֹ֔ם עִ֖יר וּבֶהָלֽוֹת׃ # verse = JER.15.8 1 עָֽצְמוּ־ עָצֹם VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.are.numerous|Ref=JER_15:8!1|MId=o240150080011|Strong=6105|Frame=A0:240150080031;|Type=qatal|SpaceAfter=No 2-3 לִ֤י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 ל לְ ADP _ _ 3 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JER_15:8!2|MId=o240150080021|Strong=3807a 3 ִ֤י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 1 obl _ Gloss=me|Ref=JER_15:8!2|MId=o240150080022|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 4-7 אַלְמְנֹתָו֙מֵח֣וֹל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 אַלְמְנֹת אַלְמָנָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 1 nsubj _ Gloss=widows|Ref=JER_15:8!3|MId=o240150080031|Strong=0490 5 ָו֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 4 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=JER_15:8!3|MId=o240150080032|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 6 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=more|Ref=JER_15:8!4|MId=o240150080041|Strong=4480 7 ח֣וֹל חוֹל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 1 obl _ Gloss=than.[the].sand|Ref=JER_15:8!4|MId=o240150080042|Strong=2344 8 יַמִּ֔ים יָם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 7 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.[the].seas|Ref=JER_15:8!5|MId=o240150080051|Strong=3220 9 הֵבֵ֨אתִי בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=1 1 parataxis _ Gloss=I.have.brought|Ref=JER_15:8!6|MId=o240150080061|Strong=0935|Frame=AA:240150060051;A0:240150080111;|Type=qatal 10-11 לָהֶ֥ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 ל לְ ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JER_15:8!7|MId=o240150080071|Strong=3807a 11 ָהֶ֥ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 9 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=JER_15:8!7|MId=o240150080072|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 12 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=JER_15:8!8|MId=o240150080081|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 13 אֵ֛ם אֵם NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 9 obl _ Gloss=a.mother|Ref=JER_15:8!9|MId=o240150080091|Strong=0517 14 בָּח֖וּר בָּחוּר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 13 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.a.young.man|Ref=JER_15:8!10|MId=o240150080101|Strong=0970 15 שֹׁדֵ֣ד שָׁדַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 9 obj _ Gloss=a.destroyer|Ref=JER_15:8!11|MId=o240150080111|Strong=7703|Type=participle_active 16-18 בַּֽצָּהֳרָ֑יִם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 בַּֽ בְּ ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=at|Ref=JER_15:8!12|MId=o240150080121|Strong=0871a 17 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 18 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JER_15:8!12|MId=o240150080121ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 18 צָּהֳרָ֑יִם צָהֳרַיִם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 9 obl _ Gloss=noon(s)|Ref=JER_15:8!12|MId=o240150080122|Strong=6672a 19 הִפַּ֤לְתִּי נָפַל VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=1 1 parataxis _ Gloss=I.have.made.fall|Ref=JER_15:8!13|MId=o240150080131|Strong=5307|Frame=AA:240150060051;A0:240150080161;240150080172;|Type=qatal 20-21 עָלֶ֙יהָ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 עָלֶ֙י עַל ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=JER_15:8!14|MId=o240150080141|Strong=5921 21 הָ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 19 obl _ Gloss=her|Ref=JER_15:8!14|MId=o240150080142|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 22 פִּתְאֹ֔ם פִּתְאֹם ADV _ _ 19 advmod _ Gloss=suddenly|Ref=JER_15:8!15|MId=o240150080151|Strong=6597 23 עִ֖יר עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 19 obj _ Gloss=anguish|Ref=JER_15:8!16|MId=o240150080161|Strong=5892a 24-25 וּבֶהָלֽוֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 25 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_15:8!17|MId=o240150080171|Strong=2050b 25 בֶהָלֽוֹת בֶּהָלָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 23 conj _ Gloss=sudden.terror|Ref=JER_15:8!17|MId=o240150080172|Strong=0928 26 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 25 punct _ Ref=JER_15:8!17 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | עָֽצְמוּ־ *they are numerous* | qatal · qal | אַלְמְנֹת *widows* | | | | | הֵבֵאתִי *I have brought* | qatal · hiphil | שֹׁדֵד *a destroyer* | | | | | הִפַּלְתִּי *I have made fall* | qatal · hiphil | עִיר *anguish* + בֶהָלֽוֹת *sudden terror* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} סַגִיאַת קָדָמַי אַרְמְלָתְהוֹן מֵחָל יַמְמִין אַיְתֵיתִי עֲלֵיהוֹן עַל סִיעַת עוּלֵימֵיהוֹן בְּזוֹזִין כַּד בְּטִיהֲרָא אַיְתֵיתִי עֲלֵיהוֹן מַשִׁרְיָן בִּתְכֵּיף וְחַבִּילָא קִרְוֵיהוֹן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Their widows are increased to Me above the sand of the seas; I bring upon them, against the mother, a chosen one, even a spoiler at noonday; I cause anguish and terrors to fall upon her suddenly.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.441/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JER:375`. - ← previous: [Jeremiah 15:7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.15.7/) - next →: [Jeremiah 15:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.15.9/) - ↑ back to [Jeremiah 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/15/)