--- title: Jeremiah 16:18 — And first I will recompense their iniquity and their sin double; bec… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And first I will recompense their iniquity and their sin double; because they have profaned My land; they have filled Mine inheritance with the carcasses of their detestable things and their abominations. Who acts: I, eyes, Mine. Jeremiah 16:18 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JP --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.16.18/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Jeremiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/) / [chapter 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/16/) / 16:18 # Jeremiah 16:18 יִרְמְיָהוּ **Who acts:** I, eyes, Mine · **What happens:** recompense, profane, fill, inherit · **To what, where:** iniquity, land, inheritance This is Jeremiah 16:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I, eyes, Mine — and what happens in the verse to iniquity, land, inheritance, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְשִׁלַּמְתִּ֣י רִֽאשׁוֹנָ֗ה מִשְׁנֵ֤ה עֲוֺנָם֙ וְחַטָּאתָ֔ם עַ֖ל חַלְּלָ֣ם אֶת־אַרְצִ֑י בְּנִבְלַ֤ת שִׁקּֽוּצֵיהֶם֙ וְתוֹעֲב֣וֹתֵיהֶ֔ם מָלְא֖וּ אֶת־נַחֲלָתִֽי׃ס [And first I will recompense their iniquity and their sin double; because they have profaned My land; they have filled Mine inheritance with the carcasses of their detestable things and their abominations.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.474/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JER:406 # text = וְשִׁלַּמְתִּ֣י רִֽאשׁוֹנָ֗ה מִשְׁנֵ֤ה עֲוֺנָם֙ וְחַטָּאתָ֔ם עַ֖ל חַלְּלָ֣ם אֶת־אַרְצִ֑י בְּנִבְלַ֤ת שִׁקּֽוּצֵיהֶם֙ וְתוֹעֲב֣וֹתֵיהֶ֔ם מָלְא֖וּ אֶת־נַחֲלָתִֽי׃ס # verse = JER.16.18 1-2 וְשִׁלַּמְתִּ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_16:18!1|MId=o240160180011|Strong=2050b 2 שִׁלַּמְתִּ֣י שָׁלֵם VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=1 0 root _ Gloss=I.will.repay|Ref=JER_16:18!1|MId=o240160180012|Strong=7999|Frame=A0:240160160071;A1:240160180031;|Type=weqatal 3 רִֽאשׁוֹנָ֗ה רִאשׁוֹן ADJ _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 2 advmod _ Gloss=first|Ref=JER_16:18!2|MId=o240160180021|Strong=7223|Type=adjective 4 מִשְׁנֵ֤ה מִשְׁנֶה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obj _ Gloss=the.double|Ref=JER_16:18!3|MId=o240160180031|Strong=4932 5-6 עֲוֺנָם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 עֲוֺנ עָוֺן NOUN _ Number=Sing 4 compound:smixut _ Gloss=their.iniquity|Ref=JER_16:18!4|MId=o240160180041|Strong=5771 6 ָם֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 5 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=JER_16:18!4|MId=o240160180042|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 7-9 וְחַטָּאתָ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_16:18!5|MId=o240160180051|Strong=2050b 8 חַטָּאת חַטָּאת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 5 conj _ Gloss=sin|Ref=JER_16:18!5|MId=o240160180052|Strong=2403 9 ָ֔ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 8 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=JER_16:18!5|MId=o240160180053|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 10 עַ֖ל עַל ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=because|Ref=JER_16:18!6|MId=o240160180061|Strong=5921 11-12 חַלְּלָ֣ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 חַלְּל חָלַל VERB _ HebBinyan=PIEL 2 advcl _ Gloss=they|Ref=JER_16:18!7|MId=o240160180071|Strong=2490|Frame=A0:240160180072;A1:240160180091;|Type=infinitive_construct 12 ָ֣ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 nsubj _ Gloss=have.profaned|Ref=JER_16:18!7|MId=o240160180072|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 13 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JER_16:18!8|MId=o240160180081|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 14-15 אַרְצִ֑י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 אַרְצ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 11 obj _ Gloss=land|Ref=JER_16:18!9|MId=o240160180091|Strong=0776 15 ִ֑י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 14 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=JER_16:18!9|MId=o240160180092|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 16-17 בְּנִבְלַ֤ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=JER_16:18!10|MId=o240160180101|Strong=0871a 17 נִבְלַ֤ת נְבֵלָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 23 obl _ Gloss=the.corpse[s]|Ref=JER_16:18!10|MId=o240160180102|Strong=5038 18-19 שִׁקּֽוּצֵיהֶם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 שִׁקּֽוּצֵי שִׁקּוּץ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 17 compound:smixut _ Gloss=their.detestable.things|Ref=JER_16:18!11|MId=o240160180111|Strong=8251 19 הֶם֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=JER_16:18!11|MId=o240160180112|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 20-22 וְתוֹעֲב֣וֹתֵיהֶ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 21 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_16:18!12|MId=o240160180121|Strong=2050b 21 תוֹעֲב֣וֹתֵי תּוֹעֵבַה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 17 conj _ Gloss=abominations|Ref=JER_16:18!12|MId=o240160180122|Strong=8441 22 הֶ֔ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 21 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=JER_16:18!12|MId=o240160180123|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 23 מָלְא֖וּ מָלֵא VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 parataxis _ Gloss=they.have.filled|Ref=JER_16:18!13|MId=o240160180131|Strong=4390|Frame=A0:240160150081;A1:240160180151;|Type=qatal 24 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JER_16:18!14|MId=o240160180141|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 25-26 נַחֲלָתִֽי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 נַחֲלָת נַחֲלָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 23 obj _ Gloss=inheritance|Ref=JER_16:18!15|MId=o240160180151|Strong=5159 26 ִֽי הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 25 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=JER_16:18!15|MId=o240160180152|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 27 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 26 punct _ Ref=JER_16:18!15|SpaceAfter=No 28 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 26 punct _ Ref=JER_16:18!15 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: promise - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | שִׁלַּמְתִּי *I will repay* | weqatal · piel | | מִשְׁנֵה *the double* | | | | חַלְּל *they* | infinitive construct · piel | ָם *have profaned* | אַרְצ *land* | | | | מָלְאוּ *they have filled* | qatal · qal | | נַחֲלָת *inheritance* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲשַׁלֵם לְתִנְיָנִין כְּקַדְמְאִין עַל חַד תְּרֵין חוֹבֵיהוֹן וְחַטָאֵיהוֹן עַל דְאַחִילוּ יַת אֲרַע בֵּית שְׁכִנְתִּי בְּנִבְלַת שִׁקוּצֵיהוֹן וְתוֹעֲבַתְהוֹן מְלוֹ יַת אַחְסַנְתִּי: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And first I will recompense their iniquity and their sin double; because they have profaned My land; they have filled Mine inheritance with the carcasses of their detestable things and their abominations.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.474/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JER:406`. - ← previous: [Jeremiah 16:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.16.17/) - next →: [Jeremiah 16:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.16.19/) - ↑ back to [Jeremiah 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/16/)