--- title: Jeremiah 16:4 — They shall die of grievous deaths; they shall not be lamented, neith… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: They shall die of grievous deaths; they shall not be lamented, neither shall they be buried, they shall be as dung upon the face of the ground; and they shall be consumed by the sword, and by famine; and their carcasses shall be meat for the fowls of heaven, and for the beasts of the earth. Who acts --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.16.4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Jeremiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/) / [chapter 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/16/) / 16:4 # Jeremiah 16:4 יִרְמְיָהוּ **Who acts:** sons, sword, carcasses · **What happens:** die, not lament, bury, be, consume · **To what, where:** sons, meat This is Jeremiah 16:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — sons, sword, carcasses — and what happens in the verse to sons, meat, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. מְמוֹתֵ֨י תַחֲלֻאִ֜ים יָמֻ֗תוּ לֹ֤א יִסָּֽפְדוּ֙ וְלֹ֣א יִקָּבֵ֔רוּ לְדֹ֛מֶן עַל־פְּנֵ֥י הָאֲדָמָ֖ה יִֽהְי֑וּ וּבַחֶ֤רֶב וּבָֽרָעָב֙ יִכְל֔וּ וְהָיְתָ֤ה נִבְלָתָם֙ לְמַאֲכָ֔ל לְע֥וֹף הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם וּלְבֶהֱמַ֥ת הָאָֽרֶץ׃ס [They shall die of grievous deaths; they shall not be lamented, neither shall they be buried, they shall be as dung upon the face of the ground; and they shall be consumed by the sword, and by famine; and their carcasses shall be meat for the fowls of heaven, and for the beasts of the earth.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.460/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JER:392 # text = מְמוֹתֵ֨י תַחֲלֻאִ֜ים יָמֻ֗תוּ לֹ֤א יִסָּֽפְדוּ֙ וְלֹ֣א יִקָּבֵ֔רוּ לְדֹ֛מֶן עַל־פְּנֵ֥י הָאֲדָמָ֖ה יִֽהְי֑וּ וּבַחֶ֤רֶב וּבָֽרָעָב֙ יִכְל֔וּ וְהָיְתָ֤ה נִבְלָתָם֙ לְמַאֲכָ֔ל לְע֥וֹף הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם וּלְבֶהֱמַ֥ת הָאָֽרֶץ׃ס # verse = JER.16.4 1 מְמוֹתֵ֨י מְמֹותִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 3 obl _ Gloss=deaths|Ref=JER_16:4!1|MId=o240160040011|Strong=4463 2 תַחֲלֻאִ֜ים תַּחֲלֻאִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 1 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.diseases|Ref=JER_16:4!2|MId=o240160040021|Strong=8463 3 יָמֻ֗תוּ מוּת VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.will.die|Ref=JER_16:4!3|MId=o240160040031|Strong=4191|Frame=A0:240160030062;240160030082;240160030131;240160030171;|Type=yiqtol 4 לֹ֤א לֹא ADV _ _ 5 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=JER_16:4!4|MId=o240160040041|Strong=3808|Type=negative 5 יִסָּֽפְדוּ֙ סָפַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 3 parataxis _ Gloss=they.will.be.mourned|Ref=JER_16:4!5|MId=o240160040051|Strong=5594|Frame=A1:240160030062;240160030082;240160030131;240160030171;|Type=yiqtol 6-7 וְלֹ֣א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_16:4!6|MId=o240160040061|Strong=2050b 7 לֹ֣א לֹא ADV _ _ 8 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=JER_16:4!6|MId=o240160040062|Strong=3808|Type=negative 8 יִקָּבֵ֔רוּ קָבַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 5 conj _ Gloss=they.will.be.buried|Ref=JER_16:4!7|MId=o240160040071|Strong=6912|Frame=A1:240160030062;240160030082;240160030131;240160030171;|Type=yiqtol 9-10 לְדֹ֛מֶן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=(into)|Ref=JER_16:4!8|MId=o240160040081|Strong=3807a 10 דֹ֛מֶן דֹּמֶן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 parataxis _ Gloss=dung|Ref=JER_16:4!8|MId=o240160040082|Strong=1828 11 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=JER_16:4!9|MId=o240160040091|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 12 פְּנֵ֥י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 10 obl _ Gloss=the.surface|Ref=JER_16:4!10|MId=o240160040101|Strong=6440 13-14 הָאֲדָמָ֖ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 14 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=JER_16:4!11|MId=o240160040111|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 14 אֲדָמָ֖ה אֲדָמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 12 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.ground|Ref=JER_16:4!11|MId=o240160040112|Strong=0127 15 יִֽהְי֑וּ הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 10 cop _ Gloss=they.will.become|Ref=JER_16:4!12|MId=o240160040121|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:240160030062;240160030082;240160030131;240160030171;|Type=yiqtol 16-19 וּבַחֶ֤רֶב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 24 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_16:4!13|MId=o240160040131|Strong=2050b 17 בַ בְּ ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=by|Ref=JER_16:4!13|MId=o240160040132|Strong=0871a 18 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 19 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JER_16:4!13|MId=o240160040132ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 19 חֶ֤רֶב חֶרֶב NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 24 obl _ Gloss=sword|Ref=JER_16:4!13|MId=o240160040133|Strong=2719 20-23 וּבָֽרָעָב֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 23 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_16:4!14|MId=o240160040141|Strong=2050b 21 בָֽ בְּ ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=by|Ref=JER_16:4!14|MId=o240160040142|Strong=0871a 22 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 23 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JER_16:4!14|MId=o240160040142ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 23 רָעָב֙ רָעָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 19 conj _ Gloss=famine|Ref=JER_16:4!14|MId=o240160040143|Strong=7458 24 יִכְל֔וּ כָּלָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=they.will.come.to.an.end|Ref=JER_16:4!15|MId=o240160040151|Strong=3615|Frame=A0:240160030062;240160030082;240160030131;240160030171;|Type=yiqtol 25-26 וְהָיְתָ֤ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 30 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_16:4!16|MId=o240160040161|Strong=2050b 26 הָיְתָ֤ה הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 30 cop _ Gloss=it.will.become|Ref=JER_16:4!16|MId=o240160040162|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:240160040171;|Type=weqatal 27-28 נִבְלָתָם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 נִבְלָת נְבֵלָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 30 nsubj _ Gloss=corpse[s]|Ref=JER_16:4!17|MId=o240160040171|Strong=5038 28 ָם֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 27 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=JER_16:4!17|MId=o240160040172|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 29-30 לְמַאֲכָ֔ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 30 case _ Gloss=(into)|Ref=JER_16:4!18|MId=o240160040181|Strong=3807a 30 מַאֲכָ֔ל מַאֲכָל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 24 conj _ Gloss=food|Ref=JER_16:4!18|MId=o240160040182|Strong=3978 31-32 לְע֥וֹף _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 32 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=JER_16:4!19|MId=o240160040191|Strong=3807a 32 ע֥וֹף עוֹף NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 30 obl _ Gloss=the.bird[s]|Ref=JER_16:4!19|MId=o240160040192|Strong=5775 33-34 הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 34 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=JER_16:4!20|MId=o240160040201|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 34 שָּׁמַ֖יִם שָׁמַיִם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 32 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.heavens|Ref=JER_16:4!20|MId=o240160040202|Strong=8064 35-37 וּלְבֶהֱמַ֥ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 37 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_16:4!21|MId=o240160040211|Strong=2050b 36 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 37 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=JER_16:4!21|MId=o240160040212|Strong=3807a 37 בֶהֱמַ֥ת בְּהֵמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 32 conj _ Gloss=the.animal[s]|Ref=JER_16:4!21|MId=o240160040213|Strong=0929 38-39 הָאָֽרֶץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 39 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=JER_16:4!22|MId=o240160040221|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 39 אָֽרֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 37 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.earth|Ref=JER_16:4!22|MId=o240160040222|Strong=0776 40 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 39 punct _ Ref=JER_16:4!22|SpaceAfter=No 41 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 39 punct _ Ref=JER_16:4!22 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יָמֻתוּ *they will die* | yiqtol · qal | | | | | | **not** יִסָּֽפְדוּ *they will be mourned* | yiqtol · niphal | | | | | | **not** יִקָּבֵרוּ *they will be buried* | yiqtol · niphal | | | | | | יִֽהְיוּ *they will become* | yiqtol · qal | | | | | | יִכְלוּ *they will come to an end* | yiqtol · qal | | | | | | הָיְתָה *it will become* | weqatal · qal | נִבְלָת *corpse\[s\]* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} מְמָת מְמַרְעֵי כְפַן יְמוּתוּן לָא יִסְתַּפֵּדוּן וְלָא יִתְקַבְּרוּן לִזְבַל מְבַדֵר עַל אַפֵּי אַרְעָא יְהוֹן וּבְחַרְבָּא וּבְכַּפְנָא יְסוּפוּן וּתְהֵי נְבַלְתְּהוֹן מְשַׁגְרָא לְמֵיכַל לְעוֹפָא דִשְׁמַיָא וְלִבְעִירָא דְאַרְעָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [They shall die of grievous deaths; they shall not be lamented, neither shall they be buried, they shall be as dung upon the face of the ground; and they shall be consumed by the sword, and by famine; and their carcasses shall be meat for the fowls of heaven, and for the beasts of the earth.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.460/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JER:392`. - ← previous: [Jeremiah 16:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.16.3/) - next →: [Jeremiah 16:5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.16.5/) - ↑ back to [Jeremiah 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/16/)