--- title: Jeremiah 18:11 — Now therefore do thou speak to the men of Judah, and to the inhabita… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Now therefore do thou speak to the men of Judah, and to the inhabitants of Jerusalem, saying: Thus saith the LORD: Behold, I frame evil against you, and devise a device against you; return ye now every one from his evil way, and amend your ways and your doings. Who acts: thou, LORD, I, ye. Jeremiah --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.18.11/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Jeremiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/) / [chapter 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/18/) / 18:11 # Jeremiah 18:11 יִרְמְיָהוּ **Who acts:** thou, LORD, I, ye · **What happens:** speak, say, frame, devise, return, amend · **To what, where:** evil, device, one, evil way, ways · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Jeremiah 18:11 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — thou, LORD, I, ye — and what happens in the verse to evil, device, one, evil way, ways, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְעַתָּ֡ה אֱמָר־נָ֣א אֶל־אִישׁ־יְהוּדָה֩ וְעַל־יוֹשְׁבֵ֨י יְרוּשָׁלִַ֜ם לֵאמֹ֗ר כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה הִנֵּ֨ה אָנֹכִ֜י יוֹצֵ֤ר עֲלֵיכֶם֙ רָעָ֔ה וְחֹשֵׁ֥ב עֲלֵיכֶ֖ם מַֽחֲשָׁבָ֑ה שׁ֣וּבוּ נָ֗א אִ֚ישׁ מִדַּרְכּ֣וֹ הָֽרָעָ֔ה וְהֵיטִ֥יבוּ דַרְכֵיכֶ֖ם וּמַעַלְלֵיכֶֽם׃ [Now therefore do thou speak to the men of Judah, and to the inhabitants of Jerusalem, saying: Thus saith the LORD: Behold, I frame evil against you, and devise a device against you; return ye now every one from his evil way, and amend your ways and your doings.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.517/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JER:447 # text = וְעַתָּ֡ה אֱמָר־נָ֣א אֶל־אִישׁ־יְהוּדָה֩ וְעַל־יוֹשְׁבֵ֨י יְרוּשָׁלִַ֜ם לֵאמֹ֗ר כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה הִנֵּ֨ה אָנֹכִ֜י יוֹצֵ֤ר עֲלֵיכֶם֙ רָעָ֔ה וְחֹשֵׁ֥ב עֲלֵיכֶ֖ם מַֽחֲשָׁבָ֑ה שׁ֣וּבוּ נָ֗א אִ֚ישׁ מִדַּרְכּ֣וֹ הָֽרָעָ֔ה וְהֵיטִ֥יבוּ דַרְכֵיכֶ֖ם וּמַעַלְלֵיכֶֽם׃ # verse = JER.18.11 1-2 וְעַתָּ֡ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_18:11!1|MId=o240180110011|Strong=2050b 2 עַתָּ֡ה עַתָּה ADV _ _ 0 root _ Gloss=therefore|Ref=JER_18:11!1|MId=o240180110012|Strong=6258 3 אֱמָר־ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 2 parataxis _ Gloss=say|Ref=JER_18:11!2|MId=o240180110021|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:240180010051;|Type=imperative|SpaceAfter=No 4 נָ֣א נָא INTJ _ _ 3 discourse _ Gloss=please|Ref=JER_18:11!3|MId=o240180110031|Strong=4994|Type=exhortation 5 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JER_18:11!4|MId=o240180110041|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 6 אִישׁ־ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 obl _ Gloss=everyone|Ref=JER_18:11!5|MId=o240180110051|Strong=0376|SpaceAfter=No 7 יְהוּדָה֩ יְהוּדָה PROPN _ _ 6 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Judah|Ref=JER_18:11!6|MId=o240180110061|Strong=3063 8-9 וְעַל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 10 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_18:11!7|MId=o240180110071|Strong=2050b 9 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JER_18:11!7|MId=o240180110072|Strong=5921 10 יוֹשְׁבֵ֨י יָשַׁב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 6 conj _ Gloss=the.inhabitants|Ref=JER_18:11!8|MId=o240180110081|Strong=3427|Type=participle_active 11 יְרוּשָׁלִַ֜ם יְרוּשָׁלִַ͏ם PROPN _ _ 10 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Jerusalem|Ref=JER_18:11!9|MId=o240180110091|Strong=3389 12-13 לֵאמֹ֗ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 לֵ לְ ADP _ ExtPos=SCONJ 15 mark _ Gloss=(cmp)|Ref=JER_18:11!10|MId=o240180110101|Strong=3807a 13 אמֹ֗ר אָמַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 12 fixed _ Gloss=|Ref=JER_18:11!10|MId=o240180110102|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:240180010051;|Type=infinitive_construct 14 כֹּ֚ה כֹּה ADV _ _ 15 advmod _ Gloss=thus|Ref=JER_18:11!11|MId=o240180110111|Strong=3541 15 אָמַ֣ר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 ccomp _ Gloss=he.says|Ref=JER_18:11!12|MId=o240180110121|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:240180110131;|Type=qatal 16 יְהוָ֔ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 15 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=JER_18:11!13|MId=o240180110131|Strong=3068 17 הִנֵּ֨ה הִנֵּה INTJ _ _ 19 discourse _ Gloss=here!|Ref=JER_18:11!14|MId=o240180110141|Strong=2009|Type=demonstrative 18 אָנֹכִ֜י אָנֹכִי PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 19 nsubj _ Gloss=I|Ref=JER_18:11!15|MId=o240180110151|Strong=0595|Type=personal 19 יוֹצֵ֤ר יָצַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 15 ccomp _ Gloss=[am].about.to.fashion|Ref=JER_18:11!16|MId=o240180110161|Strong=3335|Frame=A0:240180110151;A1:240180110181;|Type=participle_active 20-21 עֲלֵיכֶם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 עֲלֵי עַל ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=JER_18:11!17|MId=o240180110171|Strong=5921 21 כֶם֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 19 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=JER_18:11!17|MId=o240180110172|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 22 רָעָ֔ה רָעָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 19 obj _ Gloss=calamity|Ref=JER_18:11!18|MId=o240180110181|Strong=7451b 23-24 וְחֹשֵׁ֥ב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 24 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_18:11!19|MId=o240180110191|Strong=2050b 24 חֹשֵׁ֥ב חָשַׁב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 19 conj _ Gloss=[I.am].about.to.plan|Ref=JER_18:11!19|MId=o240180110192|Strong=2803|Frame=A0:240180110131;A1:240180110211;|Type=participle_active 25-26 עֲלֵיכֶ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 עֲלֵי עַל ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=JER_18:11!20|MId=o240180110201|Strong=5921 26 כֶ֖ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 24 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=JER_18:11!20|MId=o240180110202|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 27 מַֽחֲשָׁבָ֑ה מַחֲשָׁבָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 24 obj _ Gloss=a.plan|Ref=JER_18:11!21|MId=o240180110211|Strong=4284 28 שׁ֣וּבוּ שׁוּב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 19 parataxis _ Gloss=turn.back|Ref=JER_18:11!22|MId=o240180110221|Strong=7725|Frame=A0:240180110051;240180110081;|Type=imperative 29 נָ֗א נָא INTJ _ _ 28 discourse _ Gloss=please|Ref=JER_18:11!23|MId=o240180110231|Strong=4994|Type=exhortation 30 אִ֚ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 28 obl _ Gloss=everyone|Ref=JER_18:11!24|MId=o240180110241|Strong=0376 31-33 מִדַּרְכּ֣וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 32 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=JER_18:11!25|MId=o240180110251|Strong=4480 32 דַּרְכּ דֶּרֶךְ NOUN _ Number=Sing 28 obl _ Gloss=way|Ref=JER_18:11!25|MId=o240180110252|Strong=1870 33 ֣וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 32 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=JER_18:11!25|MId=o240180110253|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 34-35 הָֽרָעָ֔ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 הָֽ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 35 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JER_18:11!26|MId=o240180110261|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 35 רָעָ֔ה רַע ADJ _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 32 amod _ Gloss=wicked|Ref=JER_18:11!26|MId=o240180110262|Strong=7451|Type=adjective 36-37 וְהֵיטִ֥יבוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 37 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_18:11!27|MId=o240180110271|Strong=2050b 37 הֵיטִ֥יבוּ יָטַב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=2 28 conj _ Gloss=make.good|Ref=JER_18:11!27|MId=o240180110272|Strong=3190|Frame=AA:240180110051;240180110081;A0:240180110281;240180110292;|Type=imperative 38-39 דַרְכֵיכֶ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 דַרְכֵי דֶּרֶךְ NOUN _ Number=Plur 37 obj _ Gloss=ways|Ref=JER_18:11!28|MId=o240180110281|Strong=1870 39 כֶ֖ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 38 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=JER_18:11!28|MId=o240180110282|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 40-42 וּמַעַלְלֵיכֶֽם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 41 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_18:11!29|MId=o240180110291|Strong=2050b 41 מַעַלְלֵי מַעֲלָל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 38 conj _ Gloss=deeds|Ref=JER_18:11!29|MId=o240180110292|Strong=4611 42 כֶֽם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 41 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=JER_18:11!29|MId=o240180110293|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 43 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 42 punct _ Ref=JER_18:11!29 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · assert · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | אֱמָר־ *say* | imperative · qal | | | | | | אמֹר | infinitive construct · qal | | | | | | אָמַר *he says* | qatal · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | | | | יוֹצֵר *\[am\] about to fashion* | participle active · qal | אָנֹכִי *I* | רָעָה *calamity* | | | | חֹשֵׁב *\[I am\] about to plan* | participle active · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | מַֽחֲשָׁבָה *a plan* | | | | שׁוּבוּ *turn back* | imperative · qal | אִישׁ־ *everyone* + יוֹשְׁבֵי *the inhabitants* | | | | | הֵיטִיבוּ *make good* | imperative · hiphil | דַרְכֵי *ways* + מַעַלְלֵי *deeds* | | | אִישׁ־ *everyone* + יוֹשְׁבֵי *the inhabitants* | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּכְעַן אֲמַר כְעַן לֶאֱנַשׁ יְהוּדָה וּלְיַתְבֵי יְרוּשְׁלֵם לְמֵימַר כִּדְנַן אֲמַר יְיָ הָא אֲנָא בָרֵי עֲלֵיכוֹן בִּישָׁא וּמְחַשֵׁב עֲלֵיכוֹן מַחְשָׁבָא תּוּבוּ כְעַן גְבַר מֵאוֹרְחֵיהּ בִּישְׁתָא וְאַתְקִינוּ אוֹרְחַתְכוֹן וְעוֹבָדֵיכוֹן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Now therefore do thou speak to the men of Judah, and to the inhabitants of Jerusalem, saying: Thus saith the LORD: Behold, I frame evil against you, and devise a device against you; return ye now every one from his evil way, and amend your ways and your doings.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.517/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JER:447`. - ← previous: [Jeremiah 18:10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.18.10/) - next →: [Jeremiah 18:12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.18.12/) - ↑ back to [Jeremiah 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/18/)