--- title: Jeremiah 18:20 — Shall evil be recompensed for good? For they have digged a pit for m… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Shall evil be recompensed for good? For they have digged a pit for my soul. Remember how I stood before Thee to speak good for them, to turn away Thy wrath from them. Who acts: people, you, I. Jeremiah 18:20 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every cl --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.18.20/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Jeremiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/) / [chapter 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/18/) / 18:20 # Jeremiah 18:20 יִרְמְיָהוּ **Who acts:** people, you, I · **What happens:** recompense, dig, remember, stand, speak, turn away · **To what, where:** evil, pit, Thee, good, wrath · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Jeremiah 18:20 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — people, you, I — and what happens in the verse to evil, pit, Thee, good, wrath, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. הַיְשֻׁלַּ֤ם תַּֽחַת־טוֹבָה֙ רָעָ֔ה כִּֽי־כָר֥וּ שׁוּחָ֖ה לְנַפְשִׁ֑י זְכֹ֣ר ׀ עָמְדִ֣י לְפָנֶ֗יךָ לְדַבֵּ֤ר עֲלֵיהֶם֙ טוֹבָ֔ה לְהָשִׁ֥יב אֶת־חֲמָתְךָ֖ מֵהֶֽם׃ [Shall evil be recompensed for good?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.527/) [For they have digged a pit for my soul.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.528/) [Remember how I stood before Thee to speak good for them, to turn away Thy wrath from them.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.529/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JER:456 # text = הַיְשֻׁלַּ֤ם תַּֽחַת־טוֹבָה֙ רָעָ֔ה כִּֽי־כָר֥וּ שׁוּחָ֖ה לְנַפְשִׁ֑י זְכֹ֣ר ׀ עָמְדִ֣י לְפָנֶ֗יךָ לְדַבֵּ֤ר עֲלֵיהֶם֙ טוֹבָ֔ה לְהָשִׁ֥יב אֶת־חֲמָתְךָ֖ מֵהֶֽם׃ # verse = JER.18.20 1-2 הַיְשֻׁלַּ֤ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 הַ הַ PART _ _ 2 advmod _ Gloss=will|Ref=JER_18:20!1|MId=o240180200011|Strong=1886b|Type=interrogative 2 יְשֻׁלַּ֤ם שָׁלֵם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PUAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.be.repaid?|Ref=JER_18:20!1|MId=o240180200012|Strong=7999|Frame=A1:240180200041;|Type=yiqtol 3 תַּֽחַת־ תַּחַת NOUN _ _ 2 obl _ Gloss=in.place.of|Ref=JER_18:20!2|MId=o240180200021|Strong=8478|SpaceAfter=No 4 טוֹבָה֙ טוֹבָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 3 compound:smixut _ Gloss=good|Ref=JER_18:20!3|MId=o240180200031|Strong=2896b|Type=adjective 5 רָעָ֔ה רָעָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=evil|Ref=JER_18:20!4|MId=o240180200041|Strong=7451b 6 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 7 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=JER_18:20!5|MId=o240180200051|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 7 כָר֥וּ כָּרָה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 advcl _ Gloss=they.have.dug|Ref=JER_18:20!6|MId=o240180200061|Strong=3738|Frame=A0:240180150031;A1:240180200071;|Type=qatal 8 שׁוּחָ֖ה שׁוּחָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 7 obj _ Gloss=a.pit|Ref=JER_18:20!7|MId=o240180200071|Strong=7745 9-11 לְנַפְשִׁ֑י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=JER_18:20!8|MId=o240180200081|Strong=3807a 10 נַפְשׁ נֶפֶשׁ NOUN _ Number=Sing 7 obl _ Gloss=self|Ref=JER_18:20!8|MId=o240180200082|Strong=5315 11 ִ֑י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 10 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=JER_18:20!8|MId=o240180200083|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 12 זְכֹ֣ר זָכַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 2 parataxis _ Gloss=remember|Ref=JER_18:20!9|MId=o240180200091|Strong=2142|Frame=A0:240180190021;A1:240180200101;|Type=imperative 13 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 12 punct _ Ref=JER_18:20!9 14-15 עָמְדִ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 עָמְד עָמַד VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 12 obj _ Gloss=standing|Ref=JER_18:20!10|MId=o240180200101|Strong=5975|Frame=A0:240180200102;|Type=infinitive_construct 15 ִ֣י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 14 nsubj _ Gloss=my|Ref=JER_18:20!10|MId=o240180200102|Strong=5204a|Type=pronominal 16-18 לְפָנֶ֗יךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=before|Ref=JER_18:20!11|MId=o240180200111|Strong=3807a 17 פָנֶ֗י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 14 obl _ Gloss=|Ref=JER_18:20!11|MId=o240180200112|Strong=6440 18 ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 17 nmod:poss _ Gloss=you|Ref=JER_18:20!11|MId=o240180200113|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 19-20 לְדַבֵּ֤ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JER_18:20!12|MId=o240180200121|Strong=3807a 20 דַבֵּ֤ר דָבַר VERB _ HebBinyan=PIEL 14 advcl _ Gloss=speak|Ref=JER_18:20!12|MId=o240180200122|Strong=1696|Frame=A0:240180010051;A1:240180200141;|Type=infinitive_construct 21-22 עֲלֵיהֶם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 עֲלֵי עַל ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=JER_18:20!13|MId=o240180200131|Strong=5921 22 הֶם֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=JER_18:20!13|MId=o240180200132|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 23 טוֹבָ֔ה טוֹבָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 20 obj _ Gloss=good|Ref=JER_18:20!14|MId=o240180200141|Strong=2896b|Type=adjective 24-25 לְהָשִׁ֥יב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JER_18:20!15|MId=o240180200151|Strong=3807a 25 הָשִׁ֥יב שׁוּב VERB _ HebBinyan=HIPHIL 20 advcl _ Gloss=turn.back|Ref=JER_18:20!15|MId=o240180200152|Strong=7725|Frame=AA:240180010051;A0:240180200171;|Type=infinitive_construct 26 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JER_18:20!16|MId=o240180200161|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 27-28 חֲמָתְךָ֖ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 חֲמָת חֵמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 25 obj _ Gloss=rage|Ref=JER_18:20!17|MId=o240180200171|Strong=2534 28 ְךָ֖ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 27 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=JER_18:20!17|MId=o240180200172|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 29-30 מֵהֶֽם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 30 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=JER_18:20!18|MId=o240180200181|Strong=4480 30 הֶֽם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=JER_18:20!18|MId=o240180200182|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 31 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 30 punct _ Ref=JER_18:20!18 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: yes/no question - act: ask - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יְשֻׁלַּם *it be repaid?* | yiqtol · pual | | רָעָה *evil* | | | | כָרוּ *they have dug* | qatal · qal | | שׁוּחָה *a pit* | | | | זְכֹר *remember* | imperative · qal | | עָמְד *standing* | | | | עָמְד *standing* | infinitive construct · qal | ִי *my* | | | | | דַבֵּר *speak* | infinitive construct · piel | | טוֹבָה *good* | | | | הָשִׁיב *turn back* | infinitive construct · hiphil | חֲמָת *rage* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} הֲאֶפְשַׁר לְשַׁלָמָא חֲלַף טַבְתָא בִּישְׁתָּא אֲרֵי כְרוּ פַחַת לְמִקְטְלֵי יֵעוּל דוּכְרַן מֵקָמִי קֳדָמָךְ לְמַלָלָא עֲלֵיהוֹן פִּתְגָמִין תַּקְנִין לַאֲתָבָא יַת חַמְתָךְ מִנְהוֹן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Shall evil be recompensed for good?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.527/) 2. [For they have digged a pit for my soul.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.528/) 3. [Remember how I stood before Thee to speak good for them, to turn away Thy wrath from them.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.529/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JER:456`. - ← previous: [Jeremiah 18:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.18.19/) - next →: [Jeremiah 18:21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.18.21/) - ↑ back to [Jeremiah 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/18/)