--- title: Jeremiah 18:21 — Therefore deliver up their children to the famine, and hurl them to… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Therefore deliver up their children to the famine, and hurl them to the power of the sword; and let their wives be bereaved of their children, and widows; and let their men be slain of death, and their young men smitten of the sword in battle. Who acts: you, wives, men. Jeremiah 18:21 in Hebrew with --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.18.21/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Jeremiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/) / [chapter 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/18/) / 18:21 # Jeremiah 18:21 יִרְמְיָהוּ **Who acts:** you, wives, men · **What happens:** deliver up, hurl, let, bereave, slay, smite · **To what, where:** children, famine, people, power, wives, men This is Jeremiah 18:21 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — you, wives, men — and what happens in the verse to children, famine, people, power, wives, men, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. לָכֵן֩ תֵּ֨ן אֶת־בְּנֵיהֶ֜ם לָרָעָ֗ב וְהַגִּרֵם֮ עַל־יְדֵי־חֶרֶב֒ וְתִֽהְיֶ֨נָה נְשֵׁיהֶ֤ם שַׁכֻּלוֹת֙ וְאַלְמָנ֔וֹת וְאַ֨נְשֵׁיהֶ֔ם יִֽהְי֖וּ הֲרֻ֣גֵי מָ֑וֶת בַּח֣וּרֵיהֶ֔ם מֻכֵּי־חֶ֖רֶב בַּמִּלְחָמָֽה׃ [Therefore deliver up their children to the famine, and hurl them to the power of the sword; and let their wives be bereaved of their children, and widows; and let their men be slain of death, and their young men smitten of the sword in battle.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.530/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JER:457 # text = לָכֵן֩ תֵּ֨ן אֶת־בְּנֵיהֶ֜ם לָרָעָ֗ב וְהַגִּרֵם֮ עַל־יְדֵי־חֶרֶב֒ וְתִֽהְיֶ֨נָה נְשֵׁיהֶ֤ם שַׁכֻּלוֹת֙ וְאַלְמָנ֔וֹת וְאַ֨נְשֵׁיהֶ֔ם יִֽהְי֖וּ הֲרֻ֣גֵי מָ֑וֶת בַּח֣וּרֵיהֶ֔ם מֻכֵּי־חֶ֖רֶב בַּמִּלְחָמָֽה׃ # verse = JER.18.21 1-2 לָכֵן֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 לָ לָכֵן ADP _ _ 2 case _ Gloss=therefore|Ref=JER_18:21!1|MId=o240180210011|Strong=3807a 2 כֵן֩ כֵּן ADV _ _ 0 root _ Gloss=|Ref=JER_18:21!1|MId=o240180210012|Strong=3651 3 תֵּ֨ן נָתַן VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 2 parataxis _ Gloss=give|Ref=JER_18:21!2|MId=o240180210021|Strong=5414|Frame=A0:240180190021;A1:240180210041;|Type=imperative 4 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JER_18:21!3|MId=o240180210031|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 5-6 בְּנֵיהֶ֜ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 בְּנֵי בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 3 obj _ Gloss=children|Ref=JER_18:21!4|MId=o240180210041|Strong=1121 6 הֶ֜ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 5 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=JER_18:21!4|MId=o240180210042|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 7-9 לָרָעָ֗ב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 לָ לְ ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JER_18:21!5|MId=o240180210051|Strong=3807a 8 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 9 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JER_18:21!5|MId=o240180210051ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 9 רָעָ֗ב רָעָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 obl _ Gloss=famine|Ref=JER_18:21!5|MId=o240180210052|Strong=7458 10-12 וְהַגִּרֵם֮ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 11 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_18:21!6|MId=o240180210061|Strong=2050b 11 הַגִּר נָגַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=2 3 conj _ Gloss=pour|Ref=JER_18:21!6|MId=o240180210062|Strong=5064|Frame=AA:240180190021;A0:240180210063;|Type=imperative 12 ֵם֮ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 obj _ Gloss=them|Ref=JER_18:21!6|MId=o240180210063|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 13 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=over|Ref=JER_18:21!7|MId=o240180210071|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 14 יְדֵי־ יָד NOUN _ Number=Dual 11 obl _ Gloss=[the].hands|Ref=JER_18:21!8|MId=o240180210081|Strong=3027|SpaceAfter=No 15 חֶרֶב֒ חֶרֶב NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 14 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.[the].sword|Ref=JER_18:21!9|MId=o240180210091|Strong=2719 16-17 וְתִֽהְיֶ֨נָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 20 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_18:21!10|MId=o240180210101|Strong=2050b 17 תִֽהְיֶ֨נָה הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 20 cop _ Gloss=may.they.become|Ref=JER_18:21!10|MId=o240180210102|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:240180210111;|Type=jussive 18-19 נְשֵׁיהֶ֤ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 נְשֵׁי אִשָּׁה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 20 nsubj _ Gloss=wives|Ref=JER_18:21!11|MId=o240180210111|Strong=0802 19 הֶ֤ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=JER_18:21!11|MId=o240180210112|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 20 שַׁכֻּלוֹת֙ שַׁכּוּל ADJ _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 2 conj _ Gloss=childless|Ref=JER_18:21!12|MId=o240180210121|Strong=7909|Type=adjective 21-22 וְאַלְמָנ֔וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 22 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_18:21!13|MId=o240180210131|Strong=2050b 22 אַלְמָנ֔וֹת אַלְמָנָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 20 conj _ Gloss=widows|Ref=JER_18:21!13|MId=o240180210132|Strong=0490 23-25 וְאַ֨נְשֵׁיהֶ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 27 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_18:21!14|MId=o240180210141|Strong=2050b 24 אַ֨נְשֵׁי אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 27 nsubj _ Gloss=men|Ref=JER_18:21!14|MId=o240180210142|Strong=0376 25 הֶ֔ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=JER_18:21!14|MId=o240180210143|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 26 יִֽהְי֖וּ הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 27 cop _ Gloss=may.they.be|Ref=JER_18:21!15|MId=o240180210151|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:240180210142;|Type=yiqtol 27 הֲרֻ֣גֵי הָרַג VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 20 conj _ Gloss=slain|Ref=JER_18:21!16|MId=o240180210161|Strong=2026|Frame=A1:240180210142;|Type=participle_passive 28 מָ֑וֶת מָוֶת NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 27 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.death|Ref=JER_18:21!17|MId=o240180210171|Strong=4194 29-30 בַּח֣וּרֵיהֶ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 בַּח֣וּרֵי בָּחוּר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 20 parataxis _ Gloss=men|Ref=JER_18:21!18|MId=o240180210181|Strong=0970 30 הֶ֔ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 29 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their.young|Ref=JER_18:21!18|MId=o240180210182|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 31 מֻכֵּי־ נָכָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HOPHAL|Number=Plur 29 obj _ Gloss=struck.down|Ref=JER_18:21!19|MId=o240180210191|Strong=5221|Frame=A1:240180210181;|Type=participle_passive|SpaceAfter=No 32 חֶ֖רֶב חֶרֶב NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 31 obl _ Gloss=of.[the].sword|Ref=JER_18:21!20|MId=o240180210201|Strong=2719 33-35 בַּמִּלְחָמָֽה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 35 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=JER_18:21!21|MId=o240180210211|Strong=0871a 34 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 35 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JER_18:21!21|MId=o240180210211ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 35 מִּלְחָמָֽה מִלְחָמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 31 obl _ Gloss=battle|Ref=JER_18:21!21|MId=o240180210212|Strong=4421 36 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 35 punct _ Ref=JER_18:21!21 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | תֵּן *give* | imperative · qal | | בְּנֵי *children* | | | | הַגִּר *pour* | imperative · hiphil | ֵם *them* | | | | | תִֽהְיֶנָה *may they become* | jussive · qal | נְשֵׁי *wives* | | | | | יִֽהְיוּ *may they be* | yiqtol · qal | אַנְשֵׁי *men* | | | | | הֲרֻגֵי *slain* | participle passive · qal | | אַנְשֵׁי *men* | | | | מֻכֵּי־ *struck down* | participle passive · hophal | | בַּחוּרֵי *men* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} בְּכֵן הַב יַת בְּנֵיהוֹן לְכַפְנָא וְתַבְּבִינוּן יְדֵי קָטוֹלֵי חַרְבָּא וְיֶהֶוְיַן נְשֵׁיהוֹן תַּכְלָן וְאַרְמְלָן וְגַבְרֵיהוֹן יְהוֹן קְטִילֵי מוֹתָא עוּלֵימֵיהוֹן מְטַעֲנֵי חַרְבָּא בִּקְרָבָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Therefore deliver up their children to the famine, and hurl them to the power of the sword; and let their wives be bereaved of their children, and widows; and let their men be slain of death, and their young men smitten of the sword in battle.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.530/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JER:457`. - ← previous: [Jeremiah 18:20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.18.20/) - next →: [Jeremiah 18:22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.18.22/) - ↑ back to [Jeremiah 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/18/)