--- title: Jeremiah 19:4 — because they have forsaken Me, and have estranged this place, and ha… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: because they have forsaken Me, and have estranged this place, and have offered in it unto other gods, whom neither they nor their fathers have known, nor the kings of Judah; and have filled this place with the blood of innocents; Who acts: ears. Jeremiah 19:4 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targ --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.19.4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Jeremiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/) / [chapter 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/19/) / 19:4 # Jeremiah 19:4 יִרְמְיָהוּ **Who acts:** ears · **What happens:** forsake, estrange, offer, know, fill · **To what, where:** Me, place, other gods This is Jeremiah 19:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — ears — and what happens in the verse to Me, place, other gods, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. יַ֣עַן ׀ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עֲזָבֻ֗נִי וַֽיְנַכְּר֞וּ אֶת־הַמָּק֤וֹם הַזֶּה֙ וַיְקַטְּרוּ־בוֹ֙ לֵאלֹהִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֧ר לֹֽא־יְדָע֛וּם הֵ֥מָּה וַאֲבֽוֹתֵיהֶ֖ם וּמַלְכֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֑ה וּמָֽלְא֛וּ אֶת־הַמָּק֥וֹם הַזֶּ֖ה דַּ֥ם נְקִיִּֽם׃ [because they have forsaken Me, and have estranged this place, and have offered in it unto other gods, whom neither they nor their fathers have known, nor the kings of Judah; and have filled this place with the blood of innocents;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.536/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JER:463 # text = יַ֣עַן ׀ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עֲזָבֻ֗נִי וַֽיְנַכְּר֞וּ אֶת־הַמָּק֤וֹם הַזֶּה֙ וַיְקַטְּרוּ־בוֹ֙ לֵאלֹהִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֧ר לֹֽא־יְדָע֛וּם הֵ֥מָּה וַאֲבֽוֹתֵיהֶ֖ם וּמַלְכֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֑ה וּמָֽלְא֛וּ אֶת־הַמָּק֥וֹם הַזֶּ֖ה דַּ֥ם נְקִיִּֽם׃ # verse = JER.19.4 1 יַ֣עַן יַעַן ADV _ _ 4 advmod _ Gloss=because|Ref=JER_19:4!1|MId=o240190040011|Strong=3282 2 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 1 punct _ Ref=JER_19:4!1 3 אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 4 mark _ Gloss=that|Ref=JER_19:4!2|MId=o240190040021|Strong=0834|Type=relative 4-5 עֲזָבֻ֗נִי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 עֲזָבֻ֗ עָזַב VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they|Ref=JER_19:4!3|MId=o240190040031|Strong=5800|Frame=A0:240190030141;A1:240190040032;|Type=qatal 5 נִי הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 4 obj _ Gloss=have.forsaken.me|Ref=JER_19:4!3|MId=o240190040032|Strong=5204a|Type=pronominal 6-7 וַֽיְנַכְּר֞וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 וַֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 7 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_19:4!4|MId=o240190040041|Strong=2050b 7 יְנַכְּר֞וּ נָכַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Plur|Person=3 4 conj _ Gloss=they.have.treated.as.foreign|Ref=JER_19:4!4|MId=o240190040042|Strong=5234a|Frame=A0:240190030141;A1:240190040062;|Type=wayyiqtol 8 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JER_19:4!5|MId=o240190040051|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 9-10 הַמָּק֤וֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 10 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JER_19:4!6|MId=o240190040061|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 10 מָּק֤וֹם מָקוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 obj _ Gloss=place|Ref=JER_19:4!6|MId=o240190040062|Strong=4725 11-12 הַזֶּה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 12 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JER_19:4!7|MId=o240190040071|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 12 זֶּה֙ זֶה DET _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 10 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=JER_19:4!7|MId=o240190040072|Strong=2088|Type=demonstrative 13-14 וַיְקַטְּרוּ־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_19:4!8|MId=o240190040081|Strong=2050b 14 יְקַטְּרוּ־ קָטַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Plur|Person=3 4 conj _ Gloss=they.have.made.smoke|Ref=JER_19:4!8|MId=o240190040082|Strong=6999|Frame=A0:240190030141;|Type=wayyiqtol 15-16 בוֹ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 ב בְּ ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=JER_19:4!9|MId=o240190040091|Strong=0871a 16 וֹ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 14 obl _ Gloss=it|Ref=JER_19:4!9|MId=o240190040092|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 17-18 לֵאלֹהִ֣ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 לֵ לְ ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JER_19:4!10|MId=o240190040101|Strong=3807a 18 אלֹהִ֣ים אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 14 obl _ Gloss=gods|Ref=JER_19:4!10|MId=o240190040102|Strong=0430 19 אֲחֵרִ֔ים אַחֵר ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 18 amod _ Gloss=other|Ref=JER_19:4!11|MId=o240190040111|Strong=0312|Type=adjective 20 אֲשֶׁ֧ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 22 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=JER_19:4!12|MId=o240190040121|Strong=0834|Type=relative 21 לֹֽא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 22 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=JER_19:4!13|MId=o240190040131|Strong=3808|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 22-23 יְדָע֛וּם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 יְדָע֛וּ יָדַע VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 18 acl:relcl _ Gloss=they|Ref=JER_19:4!14|MId=o240190040141|Strong=3045|Frame=A1:240190040142;A0:240190040151;240190040162;240190040172;|Type=qatal 23 ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 obj _ Gloss=knew.them|Ref=JER_19:4!14|MId=o240190040142|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 24 הֵ֥מָּה הֵמָּה PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 nsubj _ Gloss=they|Ref=JER_19:4!15|MId=o240190040151|Strong=1992|Type=personal 25-27 וַאֲבֽוֹתֵיהֶ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 26 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_19:4!16|MId=o240190040161|Strong=2050b 26 אֲבֽוֹתֵי אָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 24 conj _ Gloss=ancestors|Ref=JER_19:4!16|MId=o240190040162|Strong=0001 27 הֶ֖ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 26 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=JER_19:4!16|MId=o240190040163|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 28-29 וּמַלְכֵ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 29 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_19:4!17|MId=o240190040171|Strong=2050b 29 מַלְכֵ֣י מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 24 conj _ Gloss=the.kings|Ref=JER_19:4!17|MId=o240190040172|Strong=4428 30 יְהוּדָ֑ה יְהוּדָה PROPN _ _ 29 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Judah|Ref=JER_19:4!18|MId=o240190040181|Strong=3063 31-32 וּמָֽלְא֛וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 32 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_19:4!19|MId=o240190040191|Strong=2050b 32 מָֽלְא֛וּ מָלֵא VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 4 conj _ Gloss=they.have.filled|Ref=JER_19:4!19|MId=o240190040192|Strong=4390|Frame=A0:240190030141;A1:240190040212;|Type=qatal 33 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 35 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JER_19:4!20|MId=o240190040201|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 34-35 הַמָּק֥וֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 35 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JER_19:4!21|MId=o240190040211|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 35 מָּק֥וֹם מָקוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 32 obj _ Gloss=place|Ref=JER_19:4!21|MId=o240190040212|Strong=4725 36-37 הַזֶּ֖ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 37 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JER_19:4!22|MId=o240190040221|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 37 זֶּ֖ה זֶה DET _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 35 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=JER_19:4!22|MId=o240190040222|Strong=2088|Type=demonstrative 38 דַּ֥ם דָּם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 32 obl _ Gloss=[the].blood|Ref=JER_19:4!23|MId=o240190040231|Strong=1818 39 נְקִיִּֽם נָקִי ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 38 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.innocent.[ones]|Ref=JER_19:4!24|MId=o240190040241|Strong=5355|Type=adjective|SpaceAfter=No 40 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 39 punct _ Ref=JER_19:4!24 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | עֲזָבֻ *they* | qatal · qal | | נִי *have forsaken me* | | | | יְנַכְּרוּ *they have treated as foreign* | wayyiqtol · piel | | מָּקוֹם *place* | | | | יְקַטְּרוּ־ *they have made smoke* | wayyiqtol · piel | | | | | | **not** יְדָעוּ *they* | qatal · qal | הֵמָּה *they* + אֲבֽוֹתֵי *ancestors* + מַלְכֵי *the kings* | ם *knew them* | | | | מָֽלְאוּ *they have filled* | qatal · qal | | מָּקוֹם *place* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} חֲלַף דִשְׁבָקוּ פּוּלְחָנִי וְסָאִיבוּ יַת אַתְרָא הָדֵין וְאַסִיקוּ בֵיהּ בּוּסְמִין לְטַעֲוַת פַּלְחֵי כוֹכְבַיָא דְלָא יַדְעוּנוּן אִינוּן וַאֲבָהַתְהוֹן וּמַלְכַיָא דְבֵית יְהוּדָה וּמְלוֹ יַת אַתְרָא הָדֵין דַם זַכָּאִין: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [because they have forsaken Me, and have estranged this place, and have offered in it unto other gods, whom neither they nor their fathers have known, nor the kings of Judah; and have filled this place with the blood of innocents;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.536/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JER:463`. - ← previous: [Jeremiah 19:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.19.3/) - next →: [Jeremiah 19:5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.19.5/) - ↑ back to [Jeremiah 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/19/)