--- title: Jeremiah 2:20 — For of old time I have broken thy yoke, and burst thy bands, and tho… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: For of old time I have broken thy yoke, and burst thy bands, and thou saidst: 'I will not transgress'; upon every high hill and under every leafy tree thou didst recline, playing the harlot. Who acts: I, thou. Jeremiah 2:20 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragma --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.2.20/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Jeremiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/) / [chapter 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/2/) / 2:20 # Jeremiah 2:20 יִרְמְיָהוּ **Who acts:** I, thou · **What happens:** break, burst, say, not transgress, recline, play · **To what, where:** yoke, bands, high hill, harlot · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Jeremiah 2:20 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I, thou — and what happens in the verse to yoke, bands, high hill, harlot, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. כִּ֣י מֵעוֹלָ֞ם שָׁבַ֣רְתִּי עֻלֵּ֗ךְ נִתַּ֙קְתִּי֙ מוֹסְרֹתַ֔יִךְ וַתֹּאמְרִ֖י לֹ֣א אֶעֱב֑וֹר כִּ֣י עַֽל־כָּל־גִּבְעָ֞ה גְּבֹהָ֗ה וְתַ֙חַת֙ כָּל־עֵ֣ץ רַעֲנָ֔ן אַ֖תְּ צֹעָ֥ה זֹנָֽה׃ [For of old time I have broken thy yoke, and burst thy bands, and thou saidst: 'I will not transgress'; upon every high hill and under every leafy tree thou didst recline, playing the harlot.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.42/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JER:38 # text = כִּ֣י מֵעוֹלָ֞ם שָׁבַ֣רְתִּי עֻלֵּ֗ךְ נִתַּ֙קְתִּי֙ מוֹסְרֹתַ֔יִךְ וַתֹּאמְרִ֖י לֹ֣א אֶעֱב֑וֹר כִּ֣י עַֽל־כָּל־גִּבְעָ֞ה גְּבֹהָ֗ה וְתַ֙חַת֙ כָּל־עֵ֣ץ רַעֲנָ֔ן אַ֖תְּ צֹעָ֥ה זֹנָֽה׃ # verse = JER.2.20 1 כִּ֣י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 4 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=JER_2:20!1|MId=o240020200011|Strong=3588 2-3 מֵעוֹלָ֞ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 3 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=JER_2:20!2|MId=o240020200021|Strong=4480 3 עוֹלָ֞ם עוֹלָם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 obl _ Gloss=long.ago|Ref=JER_2:20!2|MId=o240020200022|Strong=5769 4 שָׁבַ֣רְתִּי שָׁבַר VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 0 root _ Gloss=I.broke.off|Ref=JER_2:20!3|MId=o240020200031|Strong=7665|Frame=A0:240020190181;A1:240020200041;|Type=qatal 5-6 עֻלֵּ֗ךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 עֻלּ עֹל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 obj _ Gloss=yoke|Ref=JER_2:20!4|MId=o240020200041|Strong=5923 6 ֵ֗ךְ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 5 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=JER_2:20!4|MId=o240020200042|Strong=3509c|Type=pronominal 7 נִתַּ֙קְתִּי֙ נָתַק VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=1 4 parataxis _ Gloss=I.tore.apart|Ref=JER_2:20!5|MId=o240020200051|Strong=5423|Frame=A0:240020190181;A1:240020200061;|Type=qatal 8-9 מוֹסְרֹתַ֔יִךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 מוֹסְרֹתַ֔י מֹוסֵרָה NOUN _ Number=Plur 7 obj _ Gloss=fetters|Ref=JER_2:20!6|MId=o240020200061|Strong=4147a 9 ִךְ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 8 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=JER_2:20!6|MId=o240020200062|Strong=3509c|Type=pronominal 10-11 וַתֹּאמְרִ֖י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 11 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_2:20!7|MId=o240020200071|Strong=2050b 11 תֹּאמְרִ֖י אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 4 conj _ Gloss=you.said|Ref=JER_2:20!7|MId=o240020200072|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:240020140021;|Type=wayyiqtol 12 לֹ֣א לֹא ADV _ _ 13 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=JER_2:20!8|MId=o240020200081|Strong=3808|Type=negative 13 אֶעֱב֑וֹר עָבַר VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 11 ccomp _ Gloss=I.will.transgress|Ref=JER_2:20!10|MId=o240020200101|Strong=5674|Frame=A0:240020140021;|Type=yiqtol 14 כִּ֣י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 25 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=JER_2:20!11|MId=o240020200111|Strong=3588 15 עַֽל־ עַל ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=JER_2:20!12|MId=o240020200121|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 16 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 25 obl _ Gloss=every|Ref=JER_2:20!13|MId=o240020200131|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 17 גִּבְעָ֞ה גִּבְעָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 16 compound:smixut _ Gloss=hill|Ref=JER_2:20!14|MId=o240020200141|Strong=1389 18 גְּבֹהָ֗ה גָּבֹהַּ ADJ _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 17 amod _ Gloss=high|Ref=JER_2:20!15|MId=o240020200151|Strong=1364|Type=adjective 19-20 וְתַ֙חַת֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 20 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_2:20!16|MId=o240020200161|Strong=2050b 20 תַ֙חַת֙ תַּחַת NOUN _ _ 16 conj _ Gloss=under|Ref=JER_2:20!16|MId=o240020200162|Strong=8478 21 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 compound:smixut _ Gloss=every|Ref=JER_2:20!17|MId=o240020200171|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 22 עֵ֣ץ עֵץ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 21 compound:smixut _ Gloss=tree|Ref=JER_2:20!18|MId=o240020200181|Strong=6086 23 רַעֲנָ֔ן רַעֲנָן ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 22 amod _ Gloss=luxuriant|Ref=JER_2:20!19|MId=o240020200191|Strong=7488|Type=adjective 24 אַ֖תְּ אַתְּ PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 25 nsubj _ Gloss=you|Ref=JER_2:20!20|MId=o240020200201|Strong=0859b|Type=personal 25 צֹעָ֥ה צָעָה VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 13 advcl _ Gloss=[have.been].lying.down|Ref=JER_2:20!21|MId=o240020200211|Strong=6808|Frame=A0:240020200201;|Type=participle_active 26 זֹנָֽה זָנָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 25 obl _ Gloss=a.prostitute|Ref=JER_2:20!22|MId=o240020200221|Strong=2185|Type=participle_active|SpaceAfter=No 27 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 26 punct _ Ref=JER_2:20!22 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: promise - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · assert · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | שָׁבַרְתִּי *I broke off* | qatal · qal | | עֻלּ *yoke* | | | | נִתַּקְתִּי *I tore apart* | qatal · piel | | מוֹסְרֹתַי *fetters* | | | | תֹּאמְרִי *you said* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | **not** אֶעֱבוֹר *I will transgress* | yiqtol · qal | | | | | | צֹעָה *\[have been\] lying down* | participle active · qal | אַתְּ *you* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} אֲרֵי מֵעַלְמָא תַּבָרֵית נִיר עַמְמַיָא מִצַוְרֵיכוֹן פְסָקִית חֲנִיקֵיכוֹן וַאֲמַרְתּוּן לָא נוֹסִיף עוֹד לְמֶעְבַּר עַל מֵימְרָךְ אֲרֵי עַל רָמָא מְנַטְלָא וּתְחוֹת כָּל אִילַן עַבּוּף אַתְּ פָּלְחָא לְטָעֲוָתָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [For of old time I have broken thy yoke, and burst thy bands, and thou saidst: 'I will not transgress'; upon every high hill and under every leafy tree thou didst recline, playing the harlot.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.42/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JER:38`. - ← previous: [Jeremiah 2:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.2.19/) - next →: [Jeremiah 2:21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.2.21/) - ↑ back to [Jeremiah 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/2/)