--- title: Jeremiah 2:23 — How canst thou say: 'I am not defiled, I have not gone after the Baa… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: How canst thou say: 'I am not defiled, I have not gone after the Baalim'? See thy way in the Valley, know what thou hast done; thou art a swift young camel traversing her ways; Who acts: thou, I, you, swift young camel. Jeremiah 2:23 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.2.23/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Jeremiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/) / [chapter 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/2/) / 2:23 # Jeremiah 2:23 יִרְמְיָהוּ **Who acts:** thou, I, you, swift young camel · **What happens:** say, not defile, not go, see, know, do · **To what, where:** I, way, Valley, swift young camel, ways · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Jeremiah 2:23 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — thou, I, you, swift young camel — and what happens in the verse to I, way, Valley, swift young camel, ways, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. אֵ֣יךְ תֹּאמְרִ֞י לֹ֣א נִטְמֵ֗אתִי אַחֲרֵ֤י הַבְּעָלִים֙ לֹ֣א הָלַ֔כְתִּי רְאִ֤י דַרְכֵּךְ֙ בַּגַּ֔יְא דְּעִ֖י מֶ֣ה עָשִׂ֑ית בִּכְרָ֥ה קַלָּ֖ה מְשָׂרֶ֥כֶת דְּרָכֶֽיהָ׃ [How canst thou say: 'I am not defiled, I have not gone after the Baalim'?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.45/) [See thy way in the Valley, know what thou hast done; thou art a swift young camel traversing her ways;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.46/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JER:41 # text = אֵ֣יךְ תֹּאמְרִ֞י לֹ֣א נִטְמֵ֗אתִי אַחֲרֵ֤י הַבְּעָלִים֙ לֹ֣א הָלַ֔כְתִּי רְאִ֤י דַרְכֵּךְ֙ בַּגַּ֔יְא דְּעִ֖י מֶ֣ה עָשִׂ֑ית בִּכְרָ֥ה קַלָּ֖ה מְשָׂרֶ֥כֶת דְּרָכֶֽיהָ׃ # verse = JER.2.23 1 אֵ֣יךְ אֵיךְ INTJ _ _ 2 discourse _ Gloss=how?|Ref=JER_2:23!1|MId=o240020230011|Strong=0349|Type=interrogative 2 תֹּאמְרִ֞י אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 0 root _ Gloss=will.you.say|Ref=JER_2:23!2|MId=o240020230021|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:240020140021;A1:240020230041;240020230081;|Type=yiqtol 3 לֹ֣א לֹא ADV _ _ 4 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=JER_2:23!3|MId=o240020230031|Strong=3808|Type=negative 4 נִטְמֵ֗אתִי טָמֵא VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 2 ccomp _ Gloss=I.have.made.myself.unclean|Ref=JER_2:23!4|MId=o240020230041|Strong=2930|Frame=A0:240020140021;|Type=qatal 5 אַחֲרֵ֤י אַחַר ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=after|Ref=JER_2:23!5|MId=o240020230051|Strong=0310 6-7 הַבְּעָלִים֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 7 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JER_2:23!6|MId=o240020230061|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 7 בְּעָלִים֙ בַּעַל PROPN _ _ 9 obl _ Gloss=Baals|Ref=JER_2:23!6|MId=o240020230062|Strong=1168 8 לֹ֣א לֹא ADV _ _ 9 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=JER_2:23!7|MId=o240020230071|Strong=3808|Type=negative 9 הָלַ֔כְתִּי הָלַךְ VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 4 parataxis _ Gloss=I.have.walked|Ref=JER_2:23!8|MId=o240020230081|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:240020140021;|Type=qatal 10 רְאִ֤י רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 2 ccomp _ Gloss=consider|Ref=JER_2:23!9|MId=o240020230091|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:240020140021;A1:240020230101;|Type=imperative 11-12 דַרְכֵּךְ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 דַרְכּ דֶּרֶךְ NOUN _ Number=Sing 10 obj _ Gloss=conduct|Ref=JER_2:23!10|MId=o240020230101|Strong=1870 12 ֵךְ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 11 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=JER_2:23!10|MId=o240020230102|Strong=3509c|Type=pronominal 13-15 בַּגַּ֔יְא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=JER_2:23!11|MId=o240020230111|Strong=0871a 14 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 15 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JER_2:23!11|MId=o240020230111ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 15 גַּ֔יְא גַּיְא NOUN _ Number=Sing 10 obl _ Gloss=valley|Ref=JER_2:23!11|MId=o240020230112|Strong=1516 16 דְּעִ֖י יָדַע VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 10 parataxis _ Gloss=recognize|Ref=JER_2:23!12|MId=o240020230121|Strong=3045|Frame=A0:240020140021;A1:240020230141;|Type=imperative 17 מֶ֣ה מָה PRON _ PronType=Int 18 obj _ Gloss=what?|Ref=JER_2:23!13|MId=o240020230131|Strong=4100|Type=interrogative 18 עָשִׂ֑ית עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 16 ccomp _ Gloss=have.you.done|Ref=JER_2:23!14|MId=o240020230141|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:240020140021;A1:240020230131;|Type=qatal 19 בִּכְרָ֥ה בִּכְרָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 10 parataxis _ Gloss=a.young.camel|Ref=JER_2:23!15|MId=o240020230151|Strong=1072 20 קַלָּ֖ה קַל ADJ _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 19 amod _ Gloss=swift|Ref=JER_2:23!16|MId=o240020230161|Strong=7031|Type=adjective 21 מְשָׂרֶ֥כֶת שָׂרַךְ VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing 19 acl:relcl _ Gloss=[which].entwines|Ref=JER_2:23!17|MId=o240020230171|Strong=8308|Frame=A0:240020230151;|Type=participle_active 22-23 דְּרָכֶֽיהָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 דְּרָכֶֽי דֶּרֶךְ NOUN _ Number=Plur 21 obl _ Gloss=paths|Ref=JER_2:23!18|MId=o240020230181|Strong=1870 23 הָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=JER_2:23!18|MId=o240020230182|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 24 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 23 punct _ Ref=JER_2:23!18 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · assert · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | תֹּאמְרִי *will you say* | yiqtol · qal | | נִטְמֵאתִי *I have made myself unclean* + הָלַכְתִּי *I have walked* | | | | **not** נִטְמֵאתִי *I have made myself unclean* | qatal · niphal | | | | | | **not** הָלַכְתִּי *I have walked* | qatal · qal | | | | | | רְאִי *consider* | imperative · qal | | דַרְכּ *conduct* | | | | דְּעִי *recognize* | imperative · qal | | עָשִׂית *have you done* | | | | עָשִׂית *have you done* | qatal · qal | | מֶה *what?* | | | | מְשָׂרֶכֶת *\[which\] entwines* | participle active · piel | בִּכְרָה *a young camel* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} אֵיכְדֵין תֵּימְרִין לָא אִסְתְּאֲבֵית וּבָתַר טַעֲוַת עַמְמַיָא לָא הַלְכֵית זְקוּפִי עֵינַיִךְ עַל אוֹרְחָתִיךְ כַּד הֲוֵית יָתְבָא בְחֵילְתָּא לְקָבֵיל בֵּית פְּעוֹר דְעִי מָא עֲבַדְתְּ הֲוֵית דַמְיָא לְיַנְקָא קַלִילָא דִמְקַלְקְלָא אוֹרְחָתָהָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [How canst thou say: 'I am not defiled, I have not gone after the Baalim'?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.45/) 2. [See thy way in the Valley, know what thou hast done; thou art a swift young camel traversing her ways;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.46/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JER:41`. - ← previous: [Jeremiah 2:22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.2.22/) - next →: [Jeremiah 2:24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.2.24/) - ↑ back to [Jeremiah 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/2/)