--- title: Jeremiah 2:28 — But where are thy gods that thou hast made thee? Let them arise, if… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: But where are thy gods that thou hast made thee? Let them arise, if they can save thee in the time of thy trouble; for according to the number of thy cities are thy gods, O Judah. Who acts: gods, thou, you, thy. Jeremiah 2:28 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the prag --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.2.28/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Jeremiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/) / [chapter 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/2/) / 2:28 # Jeremiah 2:28 יִרְמְיָהוּ **Who acts:** gods, thou, you, thy · **What happens:** be, make, let, arise, save, accord · **To what, where:** gods, thee This is Jeremiah 2:28 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — gods, thou, you, thy — and what happens in the verse to gods, thee, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְאַיֵּ֤ה אֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשִׂ֣יתָ לָּ֔ךְ יָק֕וּמוּ אִם־יוֹשִׁיע֖וּךָ בְּעֵ֣ת רָעָתֶ֑ךָ כִּ֚י מִסְפַּ֣ר עָרֶ֔יךָ הָי֥וּ אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ יְהוּדָֽה׃ס [But where are thy gods that thou hast made thee?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.52/) [Let them arise, if they can save thee in the time of thy trouble; for according to the number of thy cities are thy gods, O Judah.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.53/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JER:46 # text = וְאַיֵּ֤ה אֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשִׂ֣יתָ לָּ֔ךְ יָק֕וּמוּ אִם־יוֹשִׁיע֖וּךָ בְּעֵ֣ת רָעָתֶ֑ךָ כִּ֚י מִסְפַּ֣ר עָרֶ֔יךָ הָי֥וּ אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ יְהוּדָֽה׃ס # verse = JER.2.28 1-2 וְאַיֵּ֤ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_2:28!1|MId=o240020280011|Strong=2050b 2 אַיֵּ֤ה אַיֵּה PART _ _ 0 root _ Gloss=where?|Ref=JER_2:28!1|MId=o240020280012|Strong=0346|Type=interrogative 3-4 אֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 אֱלֹהֶ֙י אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ Gloss=gods|Ref=JER_2:28!2|MId=o240020280021|Strong=0430 4 ךָ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 3 nmod:poss _ Gloss=[are].your|Ref=JER_2:28!2|MId=o240020280022|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 5 אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 6 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=JER_2:28!3|MId=o240020280031|Strong=0834|Type=relative 6 עָשִׂ֣יתָ עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 3 acl:relcl _ Gloss=you.made|Ref=JER_2:28!4|MId=o240020280041|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:240020260071;A1:240020280021;|Type=qatal 7-8 לָּ֔ךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 לּ לְ ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=JER_2:28!5|MId=o240020280051|Strong=3807a 8 ָ֔ךְ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 6 obl _ Gloss=yourself|Ref=JER_2:28!5|MId=o240020280052|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 9 יָק֕וּמוּ קוּם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 parataxis _ Gloss=let.them.arise|Ref=JER_2:28!6|MId=o240020280061|Strong=6965|Frame=A0:240020280021;|Type=jussive 10 אִם־ אִם SCONJ _ _ 11 mark _ Gloss=if|Ref=JER_2:28!7|MId=o240020280071|Strong=0518|SpaceAfter=No 11-12 יוֹשִׁיע֖וּךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 יוֹשִׁיע֖וּ יָשַׁע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=3 9 parataxis _ Gloss=they|Ref=JER_2:28!8|MId=o240020280081|Strong=3467|Frame=AA:240020280021;A0:240020280082;|Type=yiqtol 12 ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 11 obj _ Gloss=will.save.you|Ref=JER_2:28!8|MId=o240020280082|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 13-14 בְּעֵ֣ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=at|Ref=JER_2:28!9|MId=o240020280091|Strong=0871a 14 עֵ֣ת עֵת NOUN _ Number=Sing 11 obl _ Gloss=the.time|Ref=JER_2:28!9|MId=o240020280092|Strong=6256 15-16 רָעָתֶ֑ךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 רָעָת רָעָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 14 compound:smixut _ Gloss=your.calamity|Ref=JER_2:28!10|MId=o240020280101|Strong=7451b 16 ֶ֑ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 15 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=JER_2:28!10|MId=o240020280102|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 17 כִּ֚י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 18 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=JER_2:28!11|MId=o240020280111|Strong=3588 18 מִסְפַּ֣ר מִסְפָּר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 advcl _ Gloss=the.number|Ref=JER_2:28!12|MId=o240020280121|Strong=4557 19-20 עָרֶ֔יךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 עָרֶ֔י עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 18 compound:smixut _ Gloss=your.cities|Ref=JER_2:28!13|MId=o240020280131|Strong=5892 20 ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 19 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=JER_2:28!13|MId=o240020280132|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 21 הָי֥וּ הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 18 cop _ Gloss=they.are|Ref=JER_2:28!14|MId=o240020280141|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:240020280151;|Type=qatal 22-23 אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 אֱלֹהֶ֖י אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 18 nsubj _ Gloss=gods|Ref=JER_2:28!15|MId=o240020280151|Strong=0430 23 ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 22 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=JER_2:28!15|MId=o240020280152|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 24 יְהוּדָֽה יְהוּדָה PROPN _ _ 18 parataxis _ Gloss=O.Judah|Ref=JER_2:28!16|MId=o240020280161|Strong=3063|SpaceAfter=No 25 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 24 punct _ Ref=JER_2:28!16|SpaceAfter=No 26 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 24 punct _ Ref=JER_2:28!16 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: wh-question - act: ask - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | עָשִׂיתָ *you made* | qatal · qal | | אֱלֹהֶי *gods* | | | | יָקוּמוּ *let them arise* | jussive · qal | אֱלֹהֶי *gods* | | | | | יוֹשִׁיעוּ *they* | yiqtol · hiphil | ךָ *will save you* | | | אֱלֹהֶי *gods* | | הָיוּ *they are* | qatal · qal | אֱלֹהֶי *gods* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְאָן דְחַלְתְּכוֹן דַעֲבַדְתּוּן לְכוֹן יְקוּמוּן אִם יָכְלָן לְמִפְרַקְכוֹן בְּעִדַן בִּישַׁתְכוֹן אֲרֵי מִנְיַן קִרְוֵיכוֹן הֲוָאָה דַחֲלַתְכוֹן דְבֵית יְהוּדָה: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [But where are thy gods that thou hast made thee?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.52/) 2. [Let them arise, if they can save thee in the time of thy trouble; for according to the number of thy cities are thy gods, O Judah.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.53/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JER:46`. - ← previous: [Jeremiah 2:27](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.2.27/) - next →: [Jeremiah 2:29](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.2.29/) - ↑ back to [Jeremiah 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/2/)