--- title: Jeremiah 20:4 — For thus saith the LORD: Behold, I will make thee a terror to thysel… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: For thus saith the LORD: Behold, I will make thee a terror to thyself, and to all thy friends; and they shall fall by the sword of their enemies, and thine eyes shall behold it; and I will give all Judah into the hand of the king of Babylon, and he shall carry them captive to Babylon, and shall slay --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.20.4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Jeremiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/) / [chapter 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/20/) / 20:4 # Jeremiah 20:4 יִרְמְיָהוּ **Who acts:** LORD, I, friends, eyes · **What happens:** say, make, fall, behold, give, carry · **To what, where:** thee, sword, Judah, hand, eyes, Babylon · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Jeremiah 20:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — LORD, I, friends, eyes — and what happens in the verse to thee, sword, Judah, hand, eyes, Babylon, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. כִּ֣י כֹ֣ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֡ה הִנְנִי֩ נֹתֶנְךָ֨לְמָג֜וֹר לְךָ֣ וּלְכָל־אֹהֲבֶ֗יךָ וְנָֽפְל֛וּ בְּחֶ֥רֶב אֹיְבֵיהֶ֖ם וְעֵינֶ֣יךָ רֹא֑וֹת וְאֶת־כָּל־יְהוּדָ֗ה אֶתֵּן֙ בְּיַ֣ד מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֔ל וְהִגְלָ֥ם בָּבֶ֖לָה וְהִכָּ֥ם בֶּחָֽרֶב׃ [For thus saith the LORD: Behold, I will make thee a terror to thyself, and to all thy friends; and they shall fall by the sword of their enemies, and thine eyes shall behold it; and I will give all Judah into the hand of the king of Babylon, and he shall carry them captive to Babylon, and shall slay them with the sword.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.552/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JER:478 # text = כִּ֣י כֹ֣ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֡ה הִנְנִי֩ נֹתֶנְךָ֨לְמָג֜וֹר לְךָ֣ וּלְכָל־אֹהֲבֶ֗יךָ וְנָֽפְל֛וּ בְּחֶ֥רֶב אֹיְבֵיהֶ֖ם וְעֵינֶ֣יךָ רֹא֑וֹת וְאֶת־כָּל־יְהוּדָ֗ה אֶתֵּן֙ בְּיַ֣ד מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֔ל וְהִגְלָ֥ם בָּבֶ֖לָה וְהִכָּ֥ם בֶּחָֽרֶב׃ # verse = JER.20.4 1 כִּ֣י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 3 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=JER_20:4!1|MId=o240200040011|Strong=3588 2 כֹ֣ה כֹּה ADV _ _ 3 advmod _ Gloss=thus|Ref=JER_20:4!2|MId=o240200040021|Strong=3541 3 אָמַ֣ר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.says|Ref=JER_20:4!3|MId=o240200040031|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:240200040041;|Type=qatal 4 יְהוָ֡ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 3 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=JER_20:4!4|MId=o240200040041|Strong=3068 5-6 הִנְנִי֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 הִנ הִנֵּה INTJ _ _ 7 nsubj _ Gloss=here|Ref=JER_20:4!5|MId=o240200040051|Strong=2009|Type=demonstrative 6 ְנִי֩ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 5 nsubj _ Gloss=I|Ref=JER_20:4!5|MId=o240200040052|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 7-10 נֹתֶנְךָ֨לְמָג֜וֹר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 נֹתֶנ נָתַן VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 3 ccomp _ Gloss=[am].about|Ref=JER_20:4!6|MId=o240200040061|Strong=5414|Frame=A0:240200040052;A1:240200040062;|Type=participle_active 8 ְךָ֨ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 7 obj _ Gloss=to.make.you|Ref=JER_20:4!6|MId=o240200040062|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 9 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=into|Ref=JER_20:4!7|MId=o240200040071|Strong=3807a 10 מָג֜וֹר מָגוֹר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 obl _ Gloss=a.terror|Ref=JER_20:4!7|MId=o240200040072|Strong=4032 11-12 לְךָ֣ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 ל לְ ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JER_20:4!8|MId=o240200040081|Strong=3807a 12 ְךָ֣ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 7 obl _ Gloss=yourself|Ref=JER_20:4!8|MId=o240200040082|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 13-15 וּלְכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_20:4!9|MId=o240200040091|Strong=2050b 14 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JER_20:4!9|MId=o240200040092|Strong=3807a 15 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 conj _ Gloss=all|Ref=JER_20:4!9|MId=o240200040093|Strong=3605 16-17 אֹהֲבֶ֗יךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 אֹהֲבֶ֗י אָהֵב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 15 compound:smixut _ Gloss=friends|Ref=JER_20:4!10|MId=o240200040101|Strong=0157|Type=participle_active 17 ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 16 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=JER_20:4!10|MId=o240200040102|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 18-19 וְנָֽפְל֛וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 19 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_20:4!11|MId=o240200040111|Strong=2050b 19 נָֽפְל֛וּ נָפַל VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 7 conj _ Gloss=they.will.fall|Ref=JER_20:4!11|MId=o240200040112|Strong=5307|Frame=A0:240200040101;|Type=weqatal 20-21 בְּחֶ֥רֶב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=by|Ref=JER_20:4!12|MId=o240200040121|Strong=0871a 21 חֶ֥רֶב חֶרֶב NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 19 obl _ Gloss=the.sword|Ref=JER_20:4!12|MId=o240200040122|Strong=2719 22-23 אֹיְבֵיהֶ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 אֹיְבֵי אָיַב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 21 compound:smixut _ Gloss=their.enemies|Ref=JER_20:4!13|MId=o240200040131|Strong=0341|Type=participle_active 23 הֶ֖ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=JER_20:4!13|MId=o240200040132|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 24-26 וְעֵינֶ֣יךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 27 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_20:4!14|MId=o240200040141|Strong=2050b 25 עֵינֶ֣י עַיִן NOUN _ Number=Dual 27 nsubj _ Gloss=eyes|Ref=JER_20:4!14|MId=o240200040142|Strong=5869 26 ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 25 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=JER_20:4!14|MId=o240200040143|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 27 רֹא֑וֹת רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 19 conj _ Gloss=[will.be].seeing|Ref=JER_20:4!15|MId=o240200040151|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:240200040142;A1:240200040112;|Type=participle_active 28-29 וְאֶת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 32 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_20:4!16|MId=o240200040161|Strong=2050b 29 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 30 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JER_20:4!16|MId=o240200040162|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 30 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 32 obj _ Gloss=all|Ref=JER_20:4!17|MId=o240200040171|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 31 יְהוּדָ֗ה יְהוּדָה PROPN _ _ 30 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Judah|Ref=JER_20:4!18|MId=o240200040181|Strong=3063 32 אֶתֵּן֙ נָתַן VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 7 conj _ Gloss=I.will.give|Ref=JER_20:4!19|MId=o240200040191|Strong=5414|Frame=A0:240200040041;A1:240200040181;|Type=yiqtol 33-34 בְּיַ֣ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 34 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=JER_20:4!20|MId=o240200040201|Strong=0871a 34 יַ֣ד יָד NOUN _ Number=Sing 32 obl _ Gloss=the.hand|Ref=JER_20:4!20|MId=o240200040202|Strong=3027 35 מֶֽלֶךְ־ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 34 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.the.king|Ref=JER_20:4!21|MId=o240200040211|Strong=4428|SpaceAfter=No 36 בָּבֶ֔ל בָּבֶל PROPN _ _ 35 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Babylon|Ref=JER_20:4!22|MId=o240200040221|Strong=0894 37-39 וְהִגְלָ֥ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 38 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_20:4!23|MId=o240200040231|Strong=2050b 38 הִגְל גָּלָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 7 conj _ Gloss=he|Ref=JER_20:4!23|MId=o240200040232|Strong=1540|Frame=AA:240200040211;A0:240200040233;|Type=weqatal 39 ָ֥ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 38 obj _ Gloss=will.take.them.into.exile|Ref=JER_20:4!23|MId=o240200040233|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 40-41 בָּבֶ֖לָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 בָּבֶ֖ל בָּבֶל PROPN _ _ 38 obl _ Gloss=to|Ref=JER_20:4!24|MId=o240200040241|Strong=0894 41 ָה ה X _ _ 40 nmod _ Gloss=Babylon|Ref=JER_20:4!24|MId=o240200040242|Strong=1886c|Type=directional_he 42-44 וְהִכָּ֥ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 43 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_20:4!25|MId=o240200040251|Strong=2050b 43 הִכּ נָכָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 38 conj _ Gloss=he|Ref=JER_20:4!25|MId=o240200040252|Strong=5221|Frame=AA:240200040211;A0:240200040253;|Type=weqatal 44 ָ֥ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 43 obj _ Gloss=will.strike.them.down|Ref=JER_20:4!25|MId=o240200040253|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 45-47 בֶּחָֽרֶב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 בֶּ בְּ ADP _ _ 47 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=JER_20:4!26|MId=o240200040261|Strong=0871a 46 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 47 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JER_20:4!26|MId=o240200040261ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 47 חָֽרֶב חֶרֶב NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 43 obl _ Gloss=sword|Ref=JER_20:4!26|MId=o240200040262|Strong=2719 48 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 47 punct _ Ref=JER_20:4!26 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · assert · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | אָמַר *he says* | qatal · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | | | | נֹתֶנ *\[am\] about* | participle active · qal | ְנִי *I* | ְךָ *to make you* | | | | נָֽפְלוּ *they will fall* | weqatal · qal | אֹהֲבֶי *friends* | | | | | רֹאוֹת *\[will be\] seeing* | participle active · qal | עֵינֶי *eyes* | נָֽפְלוּ *they will fall* | | | | אֶתֵּן *I will give* | yiqtol · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | יְהוּדָה *Judah* | | | | הִגְל *he* | weqatal · hiphil | ָם *will take them into exile* | | | מֶֽלֶךְ־ *of the king* | | הִכּ *he* | weqatal · hiphil | ָם *will strike them down* | | | מֶֽלֶךְ־ *of the king* | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} אֲרֵי כִדְנַן אֲמַר יְיָ הָא אֲנָא מְסַר לָךְ לִתְּבַר לָךְ וּלְכָל רַחֲמָךְ וְיִתְקַטְלוּן בַּחֲרַב בַּעֲלֵי דְבָבֵיהוֹן וְעֵינָךְ חַזְיָן וְיַת כָּל דְבֵית יְהוּדָה אֶמְסַר בְּיַד מַלְכָּא דְבָבֶל וְאַגְלִינוּן לְבָבֶל וְיַמְחִינוּן בְּחַרְבָּא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [For thus saith the LORD: Behold, I will make thee a terror to thyself, and to all thy friends; and they shall fall by the sword of their enemies, and thine eyes shall behold it; and I will give all Judah into the hand of the king of Babylon, and he shall carry them captive to Babylon, and shall slay them with the sword.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.552/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JER:478`. - ← previous: [Jeremiah 20:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.20.3/) - next →: [Jeremiah 20:5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.20.5/) - ↑ back to [Jeremiah 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/20/)